Helping Phrases

· The key idea that runs through the text/story/selection/extract/etc. is that…

· The idea is embodied in the character/image of …

· To carry the idea to the mind of the reader the author resorts to…

· The author’s idea/aim/purpose/etc. is to convince the reader that…

· For this purpose the author has selected those stylistic devices and expressive means of the language which serve best to achieve the aim set, namely…

· The writer doesn’t impose on the reader his attitude towards…

· There’s no direct implication of the fact that…

· To be implicit by nature (the main idea/the author’s attitude…)

· To assume a pronounced stylistic significance…

· This SD is used as an emotional intensifier of…

· The arrangement of the section in the extract is by no means accidental, it’s informative as it gives additional information about…

· The author adheres to this SD because…

· The repetition of … creates a dramatic ring in the narration/contributes to the romantic flavour of the passage

· The repetition of … makes the members of the construction/ paragraph more conspicuous because of the stressed position they occupy

· To portray smb/ to draw smb’s portrait in full accord with smb’s moral properties/ etc. the author deviated from the narrative perspective

· The author is detached in his attitude towards…/he is deeply personally involved in the discussion of…

· The atmosphere of tension/anguish/etc. is created and maintained by the author thanks to the usage of…

· The descriptive details that contribute to the realism of the fragment are the following…

1. But I can tell you he is furious about what happened with this MicroCon thing. He’s taking a lot of heat from Akai Tokyo. And it’s very unfair. He really was sandbagged by Washington. He got assurances there would be no objection to the sale, and then Morton pulled the rug out from under them. /Michael Crichton Rising Sun /

2. Skeet’s eyes appeared to be not just swollen and bloodshot but sore, as if he’d seen too many painful things. But in the ice-pale, sunken wreckage of his gaunt face, his smile was warm. ‘You’re not just a half brother. You’re a brother and a half.” /Dean Koontz False Memory /

3. Martie pulled away from the curb, drove to the end of the short street, and turned left on to Balboa Boulevard. “Hold tight. You’ll be in the doctor’s office soon.”

“Not if we’re in an accident,” Susan fretted.

“I’m a good driver.”

“The car might break down.”

“The car’s fine.”

“It’s raining hard. If the streets flood –“

“Or maybe we’ll be abducted by big slimy Martians,” Martie said. “Be taken up to the mother ship, forced to breed with hideous squid like creatures.”

“The streets do flood here on the peninsula,” Susan said defensively.

“This time of year, Big Foot hides out around the pier, bites the heads off the unwary. We better hope we don’t have a breakdown in that area.”

/Dean Koontz False Memory /

4. Jason was awakened rudely the next morning by a rapping on the door that made his headache even worse. It was only when he started groggily toward it that he noticed he was still in last night’s clothing. Anyway, his soul felt wrinkled. So they matched. /Eric Segal The Class /

5. Amber the stripper made a grand entrance in a short skirt and low-cut blouse that gave away most of her expensive breasts. The deputy escorting her down the aisle couldn’t believe his good fortune. He chatted her up along the way, eyes glued to the edge of her blouse. /John Grisham The Testament /

6. From off the cold Pacific, waves of black clouds washed across the sky, as though the tide of night were turning and would drown this bleak new day. /Dean Koontz False Memory /

7. In the health-obsessed final decade of the century, eating fatty foods was widely regarded as a far more delicious – and more damning – sin than envy, sloth, thievery, and adultery. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness /

8. Earlier, in the street, deep breathing had cleared her head, flushing away the fear. This time, however, each inhalation seemed to fuel her terror, as oxygen feeds a fire. /Dean Koontz False Memory /

9. Sitting by the window twenty rows back, he ignored the memo on Indians in his lap, and admired the countryside below. It was vast and lush and green, rolling with hills, dotted with cattle farms and criss-crossed with red dirt roads. /John Grisham The Testament /

10. When the sky was clear again, they returned to the stump and huddled around the phone. Watching Jevy’s end of the conversation was torture for Nate. He understood not a word, but the body language told the story. Smiles and frowns, urgings and pleas, frustrating pauses, then the repetition of things already said.

When Jevy finished, he said to Nate, “He will call his command. He wants me to call back in an hour.”

An hour seemed like a week. The sun returned and baked the wet grass. The humidity was thick. /John Grisham The Testament /

11. Relief – warm, sweeping, glorious relief – swept over Harry. /J. Rowling Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets/.

12. Foster Newton’s pie-round face, plum of a chin, full mouth, cherry-red nose with cherry-round tip, and flushed cheeks ought to have made him look like a debauched hedonist; however, he was saved from caricature by clear gray eyes, which magnified by his thick eyeglasses, were full of sorrow. This was not a conditional sorrow, related to Skeet’s suicidal impulse, but a perpetual sorrow with which Fig appeared to regard everyone and everything. /Dean Koontz False Memory /

13. Martie’s own career didn’t fulfill the expectations her mother had foe her. After earning a bachelor’s degree – majoring in business, minoring in marketing – followed by an MBA, she had detoured from the road that might have taken her to high-corporate-executive glory. Instead, she became a freelance video-game designer. /Dean Koontz False Memory /

14. And, typically, the press was out of control. They wanted cameras inside, and he had vehemently refused. They wanted cameras in the hallway peering in through the small square window in the doors, and he said no. They wanted preferred seating; again, no. They wanted interviews with him, and he was stiff-arming them at the moment. /John Grisham The Testament /

15. She was seventy, still in excellent health, a short sturdy woman with the sweet face of a Botticelli Madonna and the no-nonsense walk of an army sergeant. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness /

16. Two of Lillian’s lawyers stood at the same time, and appeared to be joined at the hip. Both wore black suits, and had the pale faces of estate lawyers who rarely saw the sun. One would start a sentence and the other would finish it. One would ask a rhetorical question, the other had the answer. One mentioned a file, the other pulled it from a briefcase. The tag team was efficient, to the point, and repeated in succinct fashion what had already been said. /John Grisham The Testament /

17. At six minutes past midnight, Tuesday morning, on the way home from a late rehearsal of her new stage show, Tina Evans saw her son, Danny, in a stranger’s car. But Danny had been dead more than a year. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness /

18. “Nine years ago you received five million dollars, didn’t you?”

“I did.”

“How much of it is left?”

She struggled with the answer for a long time. The answer was not so simple. Cody had made a lot of money. They had invested some, spent a lot, it was all co-mingled, so you couldn’t just look at their balance sheet and say there was X amount left from the five million. Nate gave her the rope, and she slowly hung herself. /John Grisham The Testament /

19. The girl was there for two reasons. She would prevent harsh words and maybe a fight. Nate suspected his son was broke, that he wanted to lash out at his father for his lack of support, but that he was afraid to do so because the old man was fragile and had been prone to crack and go off the deep end. Stef would throttlehis anger and his language. The second reason was to make the meeting as brief as possible. /John Grisham The Testament /

20. Herbert was a thin man, with brown hair, sharp features, and a bottle of a nose. He wasn’t good-looking. He wasn’t ugly. He was just perfectly ordinary-looking. His eyes were mean and cruel and shifty and grabbing. /Jackie Collins Sinners/

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