SHE. (ROSA GUY)

1. Born in Trinidad, Rosa's mother died and she and her sister returned to Harlem to live with their father who remarried. Following their father's death, Rosa and her sister lived in an orphanage. She went on to study at New York University, the author of the trilogy about three young black women, starting with The Friends, the author of a series of young adult novels, now lives in New York. 2. The text is about the family of west Indians - 2 daughter and their father. The mother of girls died a year ago and their father remarried another woman. One girl get on well with the stepmother, but another dislikes her, because the girl thinks that she refers to them as to maids. 3. The title doesn’t tell usabout what the story is, we just can say that it will be about woman, and this woman is rather unpleasant to the author, because she doesn’t even give her a name, just she. 4. The settings show us the situation on the kitchen, the relation to the stepmother of each of the girls. 5. It a story in a story, the main story intertwined with the memories of the girl. 6. There is outer story and inner story. In the outer story: exposition – no; complications – the situation on the kitchen, when the girl met the stepmother while she was going from the bathroom; denouement – the last paragraph. Inner story: exposition – the beginning of the memories, complications – the first meeting with a stepmother, inspecting of the kitchen, the conversation between Dorine and her friends, the beginning of disagreements between sisters; denouement – the conclusion that the stepmother is guilty in the discord between the girl and her family. 7. 1^st person narration, a story in a story. 8. It is beginned with a dialogue, there are many author’s thoughts and dialogues. Also a description of Dorine. 9. The main conflict is external – between a girl and her stepmother. 10. The main heroine – Gogi, she’s 14, she likes read tales and doesn’t want to say goodbye to the childhood. Her sister – Linda, 2 years older, responsive girl, but too kind. Their father a big broad man, he is still wearing a black crepe band of mourning, that means that he hasn’t forgotten his wife and he remarried only to have someone to look after girls. Dorin – a stepmother, she is a singer and likes peach color, she is completely indifferent to the stepdaughter, but tries to hide it. 11. The author rather directly describes Dorin and Linda, but the heroine we can see only through her thoughts. 12. The author’s attitude to Dorine is negative, she also had a stepmother and maybe she put a part of her own life in this story. 13. The main heroine seems to me as a teenager who just doesn’t want to mature. For me Dorine is negative character. Father is a person who just doesn’t understand his daughters and even doesn’t want. Linda is too kind and characterless. 14. The style is colloquial, there some colloquial words (mi wife, to sock, too damn long); there are many dialogues, phrasal verbs (get out, get up). 15. The atmosphere is tense, depressive and unpleasant (from the feelings of the girl, her thoughts – she didn’t like me; he was begging! Tears popped to my eyes). 17. Repetition (inspecting, she, begging), elliptical sentences (Stepmothers…), antithesis (plain-looking), metaphors (embarrassment almost drowned me), colloquial words (to squinch). They create a tense and uncomfortable situation in the house. 18. Theme – misunderstanding and joint hostility of the stepmother and Gogi, the feelings and false behavior of the girl. 19. The message is implicit. With all her hostility Gogi doesn't need to behave as the child. The girl should mature and understand that such behavior won't help her.

6.EVELINE 1) JOYCE, JAMES (1882 – 1941), Irish novelist who lived abroad for most of his life. His two greatest works, Ulisses (originally banned in Britain for obscenity) and Finnegans Wake, revolutionized the techniques of fiction-writing, introducing "the stream of consciousness" (which represents a continuous flow of thoughts, inventing words and experimenting with syntax). His earlier books include The Dubliners, a collection of short stories, and the autobiographical Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

3) The function of the title is to show that the story is about a girl, whose name is EVELINE. The author gets acquainted us with the main character.

4) The sitting in this story shows her way of life, and the way of thinking. At the beginning we see her sitting and thinking about her past and her future. She remembers happy times when her family was together. She recollects how she, her brothers and neighbors were playing on the field. Now there are new beautiful houses. It shows that she is too bound to her past, her memories, and she is afraid of something new. She is sitting in the room, where everything is covered with dust:” She looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came from.”, “dusty cretonne.” Everything she love and remember is dust and she should do something to wipe it off in order to start a new life. “yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium” points to the fact that the past is gone and it is impossible to bring it back.

5) Psychological.

6) Exposition is the first paragraph, where we see a main character sitting at the window. The complication is when “she stood up in a sudden impulse of terror”. The climax is when she decided not to go. And the denouement is the last paragraph.

7) 3^rd person narration

8) The predominant in the text is the author’s narration. There are no dialogues. There are no descriptions of appearances, but we can see some traits of character. We can see that “Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted.” That her father was cruel and violent sometimes. And that she is very indecisive, calm and unhappy girl.

9) the internal conflict us in Eveline. She should decide whether she go away or not. And external conflict is between her and her father. Internal conflict is solved, and external is unsolved.

10) Main character is Eveline. There is no description of her appearance, there are only her thoughts and memories. From them we can see her character. She is lonely, indecisive, hardworking, obedient, and patient and she was afraid of changes. She loves her family and father too, though he could be very cruel to her. But we can’t see that she loves Frank. She thinks that he is kind, he did so much for her. But she only likes him because he is the only one, apart her brother, who treats her with respect. The minor characters are Frank, her father, mother and brother. “Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted.” He loved her, and took care of her. Father was violent. They squabbled for money. But maybe he became such a person after her wife’s death. When they were children they used to go for a picnic, they had fun.

11) Indirect for Eveline, direct for father and Frank

12)The author attitude is not expressed, but author uses words to create a good image of characters.

13) to Eveline: she sucrified her happiness for the sake of family to keep it together. To father: he missed his wife and that’s why he took it out on daughter.

14) simple sentences, geographical names. Colloquial style. There are such words as demned, lass.

15) Tone of the text is sad and gloomy. Describing of the room(dust), words pitiful, undesirable, unhappy, hard life.

16) Dust, yellowing photograph, new houses, iron.

17) epithets: dusty cretonne,swaying crowd, mournful whistle, dark room, pitiful vision, commonplace sacrifice, foolish insistent, fervent prayer Methaphors: melancholy air; gradation: hard work, hard life, undesirable life. comparison: like a helpless animal., repetition: promise to her mother, promise to keep the home together. Rhetorical questions, exclamatory sentences “Josephine Marril is a brain!”

18) The theme of the story is escape.

19) Implicit massage. Not to be afraid of your own happiness.

20) I think that her sacrifice was in vain.

7. Furlough Harry Mizer grew up in New York City and now lives with his wife in Jamestown, New York. Action plays a large part in three of Mazer’s novels. has worked as a longshoreman, a bus driver, a gandy dancer, and a high school teacher, with degrees from Union College and Syracuse University. Writes a lot about teenagers and their problems.

2. Summary. The story is about Jack Raab, a young souldier, who was going to go overseas to the war the next day. So he was in the furlough. This was in 1944. On his last day of his furlough he was meeting his friend, penpal friend Dottie. He met her some time ago in Miami. So this day they had to meet. The story describes us the day, when Jack and Dottie were together with her friends and cousin, how they were driving n the car, having picnic near sea and the evening, that J. and D. spent together, their feelings, emotions and thoughts.

3. The functions of the title. When we see the title Furlough we imagine that the story is about a day off o a soldier. After reading the text we see that it is so but here we can find some more elements, not just description of day off but also the thoughts, excitement and emotions, connected with his girlfriend Dottie and his going to the war.

4.The setting and its function. All the actions happens mainly outdoors, but they changes some times. First in the street, then going in the car, at the seaside. The changing of the scenes can be compared with the light personalities of teenagers, of their easiness and variability.

5. Techniques of presentational sequencing. The story is told in the present, describes the present actions, but there is also one moment from their past, when they got acquainted, wrote letters.

6. Structure. The story has exposition(how they got acquainted, describing their personalities), complications(when they met again, their driving in the car etc), climax(when they left together alone at the seaside, their frank, open talk about feelings and experience) and denouement(when she promised to wait for him, he went to war, “they were in love again”)

7.Type of narration.3 person narration

8. Speech forms. The text contains a lot of words of author,which include descriptions of characters and their thoughts,emotions. There are also dialogues.

9. conflicts. The main conflict is internal (Jack conflicts with himself about how to act with girl, how to behave and also this feeling “warms” the understanding of the fact that he will go be on the war soon and maybe wont return, he realizes that it is his last chance)

10. Scetches. Jack is a calm, not talkative and open person, introvert, feeling inconfident and shy. Dottie is extrovert, open and socialable girl.She is more decisive that Jack.

11. Means of charterisation. Mostly direct through the author’s descriptions, and also a bit through the actions and speech of heroes.

12. The author’s attitude is rather neutral. Author likes both of the heroes of the story.

14,17 The general characteristics of the style. Most of the words are neutral, there also some colloquial words,sleng(ciggy, dumbo), proverb(make hay while the sun shines), epithets in describing characters, phrasal verbs.

15. Tone,atmosphere is rather excited and tensed, because the shyness, excitement and feelings of heroes.

18. Theme. The theme of relationships

19.Message is how to struggle with worring and to act, not to be afraid of smth, to overcome yourself and be confident. “make hay while the sun shines”.

8. “The happy man”. The author is William Somerset Maugham, an English writer. He was born in Paris. He wrote novels, short stories and plays and most of them had a great commercial success. He is known to have explored many professions including doctor, spy, and playwright. There are many biographical details in his stories and characters, e.g. in “The happy man” the narrator and the second main character are the doctors; and the narrator is, at the same time, a writer, because he wrote the book about Spain, and the story itself in some way concerned with the process of travelling. The genre of the story is narration. The settings where the actions took place are the following: a modest apartment and an ordinary Spanish house with a patio.
We don’t know at what period of history the actions took place, but we know the time length of the narrated events and the amount of time during they occurred: many years later, fifteen at least.
The theme of the novel is the act of giving advice. At the beginning of the story the author reflected on the subject of life. One day a stranger visited him. Because of the fact that the narrator wrote a book about Spain, Stephens wanted to figure out information about it. The narrator told him if he did not care of money but was content to earn to keep body and soul together then he could go. Many years later the narrator was in Seville. The doctor happened to be Stephens. The narrator learnt of outcome of his advice. Reading the title we can easily imagine what this story is about. About happiness.
It is a narrative text. The plot structure shows the actions of the characters, presenting events in chronological order. This text is a descriptive one; there are many descriptive signals, for example: a modest apartment, a total stranger, an apologetic laugh, sharp sentences, a forcible ring, a cursory glance, a little man. There are many cases of discourse, for example: in the first paragraph the author gives us his opinion about such notions as advice, destiny and loneliness. The exposition is the philosophical reflection given in the first paragraph. E.g. the visit of Stephens in order to talk to the narrator, the risking actions, such as development, are the monolog of Stephens about his life, the explanation why he wanted to visit Spain. Climax is the act of giving advice. Complicaions are the following events: when the narrator went to Seville, the need to see a doctor, the second meeting of two main characters. The denouement is made up of Stephens’s thoughts about his life. 1^st person narration is used. The author`s narration is the main form of writing this story. Dialogue is used, but it`s short with Stephan`s short and sharp sentences. The main character is the narrator. The description of his character is indirect. He is a wise man: he knows that it is impossible to know another persons as well as oneself to give him/her advice which would be good for him/her. The narrator is a round and dynamic character, that indicates the idea that his character is complicated and exhibited numerous traits, he seems like a real man; his dynamics is seen in the structure of the text: in the first paragraph there is stated that giving advice is a dangerous thing, but the whole story showed the positive outcome of the act of it. And the second main character – Stephens (directly and indirectly) is a dynamic character; changes by events, by interactions with other characters. Stephens is shy. He dropped his umbrella - he was clumsy and he was not confident. His quick, sharp movements were stand for his being nervous and absent – minded. But he is unhappy, but likes to dream. The author`s attitude is expressed clearly enough.There is 2 types of conflict: internal –: to find happiness and external: Stephen`s wife went from Spain. The style is complicated and emotional. Neutral, formal and literary words prevail in the text, for example: “to surmise”, “to errand”, “to dissipate”. stylistic devices: epithets (a perfect stranger”, “a bullet – shaped head”, “a bacchanalian smile”), simile(as though he knew a good bottle of wine…”; “he had somewhat the look of a young Silenus), metaphor (a prisoner in the solitary tower”, “the dark cloak of Destiny), irony, parallel constructions (Stephens’s speech: “I was brought…I’ve never been…I’ve never done…I’ve been…I have…”)The message is implicit. giving advice is dangerous, because people are different, they have their own individuality, if your advice is a bad one, it may cause disharmony between Destiny and Life.The tone is expressive and emotional because it describes the feelings of the man. Atmosphere - emotional, vivid.

9.MY FINANCIAL CAREER 1) Stephen Leacock (1869 – 1944) was born in England but moved with his parents to Canada, where he remained for the rest of his life – except for a brief period during which he attended the University of Chicago and received a Ph.D. in economics and political science. Despite his scholarly achievements, he is best known for his satirical and humorous writing. Leacock wrote over 300 hundred essays, articles and humorous pieces during his lifetime.

3) To underline the irony and humour

4) the is no description of the setting. There is only “a big iron door”, “wickets”.

5) Chronological

6) the exposition is the twp first paragraphs. The climax is when he is asked “ What! Are you drawing it all out again?”. The denouement is the last paragraph.

7) 1^st person narration

8) dialogues.

9) internal conflict is between the bank and a narrator. External is between the world of finances and human. Almost all people feel themselves miserable when they are in bank or smth.

10) the main character is the narrator. The minor are the people in bank. The main character is indecisive, scared “ I get rattled”, “irresponsible idiot”, “ timidly”. And the bank officers are rather afraid of him, they think he is a detective or a millionaire. But when they understand that he is an ordinary man, they started to look at him arrogant.

11) the appearance is not described. The feeling of character we can see from his actions, they are mysterious and constrained. They are direct “ irresponsible idiot”. “timidly”, “solemnly”, “ my face was ghastly pale”.

12) author’s attitude to the characters(to the bank officers) is rather ironical. Because their attitude to the man differs when they learn that he is an ordinary man, and he doesn’t have a large sum of money.

13) I feel compassion to the main character, and the aversion to the clerks.

14) simple sentences, professional vocabulary, ironical style.

15) mysterious at the beginning, he behaves like a detective. And humorous in the end.

16) “big iron door” shows the cold official atmosphere in the bank; “crumpled ball”-the sum was miserable.

17) repetitions “ rattle”, epithets: “ghostly pale”, hollow voice”. “ crumpled ball in my pocket”, synonyms “ solemnly, coldly, unkindly, hollow,dryly”

18) about a man who wants to make a deposit.

19) implicit message because the author ridicule the bank officers and financial world.

20) funny story. There is a compassion to main character.

10.PIGEON HUNOUR Susan Beth Pfeffer Born in New York City and a graduate of New York University, Susan Beth Pfeffer lives in Middletown, NY. She is a free-lance writer of reviews, articles and juvenile books, including "Better Than All Right", "Just Between Us", "What Do You Do When Your Mouth Won't Open"? Ms. Pfeffer attracted the attention of teenage readers first with "Marly the Kid" and then with "The Beatry Queen" and "Starring Peter and Leigh". The American Library Association selected About David as a Best Book for Young Adults. Susan Pfeffer's most recent work is "Courage, Dana!" Susan Pfeffer's short story "Pigeon Humour" also touches upon the inner world of a teenager, Tracy, revealing to the readers all the troubles and turmoil the young girl has to face.

Summary. The story under discussion tells us about a funeral ceremony, in which all the relatives and friends of the dead person were present.

The functions of the title. It shows us the irony in the story.The event in the story is tragic(funerals) but the title is Pigeon Humour,this contrast creates ironic character.

The setting evokes the atmosphere of mourning, emptiness and craziness. It is achieved with the help of skilled use of colours and sounds: The May sun beat down on the black limousine... The only one of them in black was the chauffeur. The rest of them were wearing dark dignified colours. Even her mother's accessories were navy blue. Slurred words, singers loosing tracks of lyrics, violins piercing the air with horrible scratching noises. So much noise. Loud, happy, excited, terrible, terrible noise.

Techniques of presentational sequencing. The story is written logically but there is a story inside it(the joke about pigeon).

Structure. The story starts with the exposition, where the setting is established.(preparations for the funerals). The exposition is followed by the moments of complications which build up suspense till the very climax of the story. We get to know about the relationship between the mother and the daughter, then, due to various flashbacks, we learn about the relationship between the father and the daughter (when the daughter meets the father at his lover's place).The climax is the funerals. This story doesn’t have clear denouement.Maybe the moment of laughing in the band recital, that shows the indifference for everything that happens.

Type of narration. 3person narr.

Speech forms. The text contains author’s words. There are also a lot of dialoques

Conflicts. There are two types of conflicts.1-external- relationships between the members of the family 2-internal- the conflict of Tracy inside her with wht happens around her.

Scetches. Tracy-a teenage girl. She has some arguments with her family,she feels the lack of parent’s attention,maybe she feel lonely and single among the family,but n general she is rather positive character. Tracy’s mother-is shown indifferent to the fact of husband’s death,to her daughter and a bit unfrank.Sheila-Tracy’s aunt-is rather sociable and kind women.She takes care of Tracy. But she also don’t worry about funerals.

Means of characterization. Indirect through the dialoques and speeches of heroes where they show their thoughts,actions and express themselves.

Author’s attitude towards all characters is a bit ironic. He shows them indifferent to the death and funerals and in general to everything around them.

13 Characteristics of style. There are a lot of colloquial words(limo,’’umphs and yes I sees”,yeah,okay, chickie, shush), short grammatical forms(There’s, I’m, We’re,you’re). Graduation(No trust funds, no money for her college education, nothing good, nothing good at all.)

15.Tone,atmosphere is in dark coloures because of pitiful occasion,funerals(black limo etc)

The atmosphere among the characters is also tensed and negative.

16.Artistic device is the story of pigeon humour,it helps to show the indifference to all that happens around

17.Stylistic devices.Graduation(No trust funds, no money for her college education, nothing good, nothing good at all.) Colloquial words(see 14.).Epithets(the black limousine, dark dignified colors, navy blue, the vaguest feeling, the awkward hugs and kisses, Loud, happy, excited, terrible terrible noise.)Personification(about pigeon,it can walk,speak etc as a real person)

18.Theme is family relationships

19. Message is explicit. That shows with irony “wrong” type of family relations and helps us to understand and appreciate family values.

11. “Anthony in Blue Alsatia” is an assemble of Eleanor Farjeon’s prose. She was an English author of children's stories and plays, poetry, biography, history and satire. Some of her correspondence has also been published. She won many literary awards and the prestigious Eleanor Farjeon Award for children's literature is presented annually in her memory by the Children's Book Circle, a society of publishers. The story reveals the author’s great knowledge of a child’s inner world. The plot centers round the imaginary trip of a boy, Anthony, to Alsatia. It is understood that the main character is a small boy as he doesn’t interest world’s activities, he is greatly attached to nature and perceives it so sharply and his imaginary trip is characterized with the help of childish way of thinking. Reading the title is difficult to imagine what the story is about. We can say that it is about a boy in a city and his life, but it`s not right. The setting takes place in corridor train with its restaurant, may be summer. The actions of the story are presented in such a way that we can see a story in a story. Description plays a main role (a nervous woman-passenger wondering, flowering stems, lace-white, chicory-blue flowers). There are cases of discourse, e.g. when a main character things about a beautiful place where he would like to be. There are outer story and inner story in the text. Inner story is Anthony's dream: exposition – the beginning of dream, thinking about mystery (Never? Once it did. Anthony laughed…), complications – phrases of a millionaire and his wife, Anthony`s description, climax – when Anthony gets off the train, goes through the fields, denouement - The Blue Alsatian Express went on without him. Outer story is a trip in the train: exposition- when he was sitting in the train and reading the paragraph (Anthony's eye roved no more…), complication- when he gets into fantasy, climax- interconnected with the climax of the inner story, denouement- when he got back out of his fantasy. At the beginning the story is a third person narration, but then in order to make a deep emotional appeal the author applies for stream of consciousness...Predominant forms of speech are description (chicory-blue flowers, a profusion of flowers shimmering in the long grass) and dialogue, that helps to imagine the story better. The main conflict internal: between reality and dream, including materialism/ soul and peacefullness/ noise (beautiful fields, long flowering grass, gorgeous girl and material problems). The main character is a young boy,Anthony. Heis an acute and shrewd boy who is able to distinguish between necessary and not meaningful information for him. This is understood through the case of simile: they slipped as through gauze. In order to underline that the boy has a great power of imagination and that he is impressed by the breakdown the author resorts to a long sentence with parallel constructions: it described the blue smoke rising from the heated axle, the engine-driver sprinting along the lines like madman, soldiers….The author used both direct and indirect means of characterization, we understand the description of Anthony through his thoughts and actions? But we can clear imagine fields, blue mountains, girl, etc. The author`s attitude is clearly enough. Literary style, many bookish, poetic words (indicated the plutocratic luxury of the corridor train), a lot of epithets, rhetorical questions (And – annoyance? Why should the little man be annoyed?). The atmosphere: emotional, vivid, bright, peaceful; the tone: cheerful, vigorous, bright.The main symbol is blue(blue dreams, blue mountains…) Blue associates with freedom, strength and new beginnings. Blue skies, mountains are emblematic of optimism and better opportunities. Stylistic devices: epithets (embroidered jackets, bright scythe shining), similes (as blue as dreams as paradise), repetitions (Preposterous, preposterous!)- anaphoras(That is where I really wanted to go – that is where I would like to get out), quotations (“are laughing at us over the hedgerows.”)The theme is being in a place where you can find inner balance.The message of the story: implicit. The author wants us to be more peaceful, kind, happy, and material things shouldn`t destroy us and our relations.

12. LOVE. Jesse Hilton Stuart (August 8, 1907 – February 17, 1984) was an American writer who is known for writing short stories, poetry, and novels about Southern Appalachia. Born and raised in Greenup County, Kentucky, Stuart relied heavily on the rural locale of Northeastern Kentucky for his writings. Stuart was named the Poet Laureate of Kentucky in 1954. He died at Jo-Lin nursing home in Ironton, Ohio, which is near his boyhood home.

Summary. The text tells us a story how a dog kills a snake. By killing a snake it also kills unborn snakes. All this is watching by boy and his father, who orders to strike a snake. The next day father and the boy see the snake mate lying near the dead one.

The function of the title. The title Love don’t prepare the reader to what is going on in the text. We expect another story. But in the end we understand the title, it shows the love and faith of bull snake to his mate snake.

The setting. The story happens in the natural surrounding, in the field. The nature and the weather are described rather detailed. This prepare the reader to the following actions. It also shows the usual natural scene in the field, that life goes as it must be.(the cows on the pasture, people do field works, the squirrel stocks the food etc)

Techniques of presentational sequencing. The actions in the story happens consequentially.

Structure. There is the exposition (the description of the nature, field; how they work in the field), complications (when the Bob kills the snake and they see eggs), climax (when the next day they see the bull snake near the dead snake) and the denouement(when the father realizes his mistake of killing snake).

Type of narration. 1person narration

Speech forms. Most important role plays the author’s words. There is very few dialogues(between son and father), orders of father to dog and to son.

Conflicts. There are several conflicts. 1-the external – the faithfulness; the attitude to dearth and the question is whose hands is the dearth. 2-internal – inside father- in the end he realized mistake and inside he feels worrying, guilt and bitterness.

Sketches. The father is shown rather decisive, brave and not very sentimental person. The boy is kind, curious, understanding and a bit sentimental.

Means of characterization. Both direct(through the words of author) and indirect(through the speech, acts,thoughts, states)

The author’s attitude. Is rather good because in the end father understands his mistake and author doesn’t judge his wrong decision.

14 The general characteristics of the style. The words are neutral, there is no slang or some other colloquial words. The is few dialogue forms. Mostly the monologue(the words of author). There are a lot of verbs.

15. Tone and atmosphere. At first is rather calm and pieceful(the state of nature, field etc) but then it becomes more tensed and negative (killing,struggling with snake, blood, cracked her long body,the blood spurted from her throat) and in the end the atmosphere of pittiness and mercifulness.

16. Symbols. The bullsnake was lying across dead snake in the shape of a ring. It is the symbol of faith,carefulness, love.

17. Stylistic devices. There are epithets(sweet grain, tender root,green briars on the cliffs,beautifully poised,black loamy earth, red blood, curved throat)

18,19. Theme is faithfulness, pittiness, value life and avoid death. The idea that life in nature is cyclical.

13.J. Angell ‘Turmoil In a Blue And Beige Bedroom’.

1.Judie Angell is a published author of children's books and young adult books. She is also a former elementary school teacher, editor for TV-guide. She has also published several highky praised novels that deal with harsher aspects of the lives of some teenagers. The author lives with her musician husband and two sons in South Salem, New York.

2. It is a short story about a day in the life of a stereotypical teenage girl. The whole story revolves around the main character, June, sitting in her bedroom waiting for John, a guy from school, to call her. She hopes that when he calls he will ask her to be his date to a big party that night.

3. The title consists of colors: blue,which means smth cold and beige, which means smth warm. We notice contrasty colors in the title and expect contradictory actions.

4. The story takes place in June’s bedroom. She is alone at home. In her room there are a lot of photos, a mirror-typical things for teenagers.

5. Actions occur in chronological order.

6. Exposition-at the beginning of the story when she thinks about John’s call and thinks what to wear. Complications- the first call of her mom, then a call from Susan, a call from Mary Ann, then Liz. Climax- when she speaks with John(“Me? Well, I just finished tons of geometry..”). Denouement- the last paragraph.

7. 1^st person narration. The story is shown us through June’ s thoughts, and talks on the phone.

8. Speech form is shown through June’s monolog (thinking of June) and her dialogues on the phone.

9. Internal conflict- in herself,the reason is her changeable mind. External-b/n June her mother, b/n June and her co-called boyfriend.

10. There are two types of characters: round and flat. There is only one truly round character and that would be June(indecisive, changeable girl). The reader hears the story from her view and can hear the thoughts that are running through her head. From her perspective, the reader can see what is happening through her eyes as she learns more information from the other characters. Flat characters: Mom, Susan, Liz, and Mary Ann provide the reader with a little more information about the advancement of the story. John also is a flat character, but he is ever present throughout the entire story. These flat characters contribute to the situational irony that is found in the story.

11.Indirect Means of characterization through June’s speech, thoughts.

14.Colloquial style. Simple vocabulary with slang(barf, creep).Author emphasizes the reduction of the protagonist of awe before each call(Hel-low, Hello, H’lo).

15.Tone and atmosphere- tense, June doubts, is waiting for the call(“Please let John call.

Please let John call before two o’clock”). Ironnical-at the end of the story she refuses from her thoughts.

16. Symbols:room-her little world. Phone-connection b/n her limited world and elder people. Colors- beige-the symbol of best future.

The irony is in that the teenagers are always change their minds, and make small things into enormous events.

17. Rhetorical questions: Now, what will I wear? /Now where was I?/ Can I wear my hair in a new way?. Comparissons: I look like a cocker spaniel. Epithets: what a stupid picture, I am living a charmed life, no terrific afternoon. Repetitions: Please let John call. Please let John call. Short sentences.

18. Theme: the teenagers are always change their minds, and make small things into enormous events as June does.

14.. Richard Peck is the author of «Priscilla and the wimps». He was born in Illinois. Was a former teacher. Published a number of novels, poems, essays. Wrote stories for teenagers: Sounds and Silences… Series of ghost stories had success. An author of three novels for adults. A gang called "the Kobras" made other students in the school pay to get passes to go around the school. But a student named Priscilla didn't know or care about "the Kobras". Monk Klutter, the leader of the gang, used the money he got from selling passes to the students to buy expensive clothes. Priscilla, was another student, was the biggest student in the class not fat but big, had a friend Melvin Detweiler.One day Melvin was attacked by The Kobras, but Priscilla helped him and she attacked Klutter. The title says that Priscilla is a strong and determined girl who has relations with weak people. The setting takes plase in the school. It was winter. It is a narrative text. The plot structure shows the actions of the characters, presenting a chronological type. This text is a descriptive one; there are many descriptive signals, e.g.:little pink tickets,well-known black plastic windbreakers, ostrich-skin boots. The exposition is the description of a pass, that costs up to a buck. Complications: description of lunch, introducing with Kobras, a girl, with her friend, Melvin was attacked. Climax: When Monk Klutter met Priscilla and the attacked him. Denouement: last paragraph, when the school closed for a week and it became calm.1^st person narration. Description and narration prevails. Using description of main characters we can guess psychological portraiture of the characters (Monk Klutter is angry, selfish man, Priscilla is helpful and fair). There are two conflicts: internal- to pay or not to pay for a pass in mind of everyone, and external- the fight between Priscilla and Klutter. External is major because it helps to dot the i's and cross the t's. There are 3 main heroes: Klutter, Priscilla and Melvin. They are described directly (e.g. Klutter`s clothes, Priscilla was the largest student, Melvin was small…) Through the actions and rhe clothes we can guess the character. The author`s attitude is clear enough because author is a narrator, and his attitude ia clear through his descriptions of main heroes. Lots of direct speech are used, to make the reader easier to imagine the story. The style is complicated and emotional, colloquial, because such words as listen, well,you know and slang(wimp, buck, rest room) are used. Vocabulary is various, it includes slang, names of clothes, names of school apartments. The story is a high level comedy that uses irony, puns, one-liners, and hyperbole to convey the idea that what goes around comes around. Atmosphere is emotional, humorous, ironcal. It is comedy that takes some thinking, and is typically focused on the characters, the dialogue, or the ideas The tone is emotional, ironical. It is easy to imagine what is going. Tis story is about teenagers, so it is familiar to them and their parents.Klutter`s clothes are symbol of aggressive people, appearance of Priscilla is a symbol of a strong person. Stylistic devices: hyperboles (The school was old Monk`s garden;), one-liners (“Gang members don’t need names. They’ve got group identity.”), puns were related to Priscilla’s size (Well, this is where fate, an even bigger force than Priscilla,steps in), anthiteza ()The irony shows you that anything can happen and not to assume. “Priscilla and the Wimps” is a very funny short story that uses humor to convey the fact that what goes around comes around. The theme- order in school.The message of the story: implicit, because we cannot evidently see the end of the story. Friendship is very important, and you shouldn`t be aggressive.

15. H. Munro ‘From The Lumber-Room’.

1. Hector Munro (pseudonym Saki) is a British novelist and a short-story writer. He and his brother and sister were brought up during childhood by a grandmother and.two aunts. Munro was killed on the French front during the first world war. The character of the aunt in The Lumber-Room is Aunt Augusta to the life.

2.The text is about a boy, who was punished because of his bad behavior and his aunt didn’t take him in the trip to the beach. He left at home and tried to explore the Lumber-Room.

3. The title means smth mysterious and interesting for us. For children it is a symbol of fun and imagination. It is the place in which every child wants to get in.

4.Settings: It’s morning. The family at the table and Nicholas doesn’t want to eat. He puts a frog in a bowl and the aunt punished him.

5. The plot develops chronologically. Each episode is given with more and more emphasis.

6.Exposition- when Nicholas is guilty at breakfast. Complications- when Nicholas got into an unknown land of lumber-room. The climax- while the boy was admiring the colouring of a mandarin duck, the voice of his aunt came from the gooseberry garden. The denoument- The Aunt is furious and enforces in the house. “She maintained the frozen muteness of one who has suffered undignified and unmerited detention in a rain-water tank for thirty-five minutes.”

7. 3^rd person narration.

8. Speech forms: the author's narration, dialogues, description of Nicholas’ imagination.

9. External conflict-b/n boy and his aunt. Internal- b/n reality and imagination of boy, with help of which he creates his own world.

10. The characters are complex, having both positive and negative viewpoints. Are shown both through actions and thoughts.The aunt uses hypocritical tone, she thinks that she is a wiser, she is cold and lacking of love. The main hero is full of big power of imagination. He is like a hunter able to escape the hound (which represents his aunt and the dull reality of the adult world) by trickery and strategizing.

14. Colloquial style.. The style of writing is satirical in a humorous way.

15. The author uses a witty tone to mimic characters in order to subtly criticize them. The criticism is done in a subtle way that is humorous. For example, Aunt's condescending tone in describing Nicholas’ prank: disgrace, sin, fell from grace. The author is obviously using the Aunt’s own word choice to reveal her self-righteous, holier-than-thou attitude. This is a subtle criticism of her arrogance which she is blind to.

16. Lumber room-symbol of fun, mystery and imagination. The author uses Dramatic irony-Nicholas punished the aunt instead of that it would be the opposite.

17.Epithets-(grim chuckle, alleged frog, unknown land), metaphors- (a circus of unrivalled merit and uncounted elephants/ the flawlessness of the reasoning, self-imposed sentry-duty), periphrases(the Evil One, the prisoner in the tank), rhetorical question(But did the huntsman see, what Nicholas saw, that four galloping wolves were coming in his direction through the wood?) and hyperbole(How did she howl). Euphemism- she was a woman of few ideas with immense power of concentration.Long sentences.

18.Theme- Adulthood lost all sense of fun and imagination. There is great difference between the world of the child and adult.

16. S.Chaplin ‘The Day Of The Sardine’

1. was born in a little town in the north of England. The son of a miner, he became a miner himself, at 14 he had to leave school for work. only in the late 30es that he managed to resume his studies in a workers’ college. writing career began in 1948 with the publication of a book of short stories entitled The Leaping Sun. 2. The story about a boy who lives with his mother and a lodger Harry, the boy works to have money, some money he gives his mother and some he keeps to buy clothes and for his own needs; once his mother found the money that he left to himself and when he came home and sit down to have supper mother began blame him in it, they quarrel, mother does not allow him to withdraw from the table and he hit her but he immediately regrets about it and asks forgiveness. At the end mother said that he can leave money to himself and that Harry wants to marry her. 3. From the title we can’t really guess about what the story will be, may be about the life of sardines or about Italy, but in reality it’s not true. 4. Settings show us the situation in the family, main heroes and relations between them. The boy dislikes Harry and understand that he likes his mother. 5. The action go one after one. 6. Exposition – the first paragraph; complications – the conversation before Harry left and the conversation after Harry left; climax – when he hit his mother; denouement is implicit, we don’t know what will be happen then. 7. 1^st person narration. 8. Dialogues are predominant in the story, it’s almost consists of them. 9. There are 2 types of conflict. The external – with his mother, it’s sold in the end. The internal –he won, but the victory did not bring him happiness and satisfaction, this conflict isn’t sold. 10. The main hero is a teenage who makes a living, he is independent and self-sufficient. He behaves as an adult. His mother, whom he names Old Lady, is the woman who wants to control everything, she doesn’t understand that her son is old enough and she sometimes loses sense of proportion. Harry is a lodger, he tries not to interfere in the affairs of son and mother, but at the same time he is the trigger, the reason of the conflict. 11. There are no direct characterizations, only through feelings and thoughts of the protagonist. 12. The author’s attitude to the characters is not clearly expressed, may be there is some neglect to the mother as he names her Old Lady. 14. The style is colloquial and informal, there are a lot of non-standard and colloquial words and expression (Aw, Ma; Ah'll turn). 15. The atmosphere of the text is emotional and tense. The language of the novel is emotionally charged, hence in many conventional word combinations we observe the head verb substituted by a more expressive one. In the sentence quoted above jump is used for stand. Very often the verb acquires a metaphorical shift as in «splash your money" for "spend your money", which enhances the emotional effect. 16. Sardine – a person, who lives on his own to satisfy with his needs. 17. There are a lot of colloquial and slang words and expressions (natter, crack,), dialects (bubbling like a bairn), alliteration (bubbling like a bairn), non-standard and illiterate speech (His Lordship wants servin'). 18. The theme – relations in the family and an uneasy passage into adulthood. 19. The message is explicit - the understanding that sometimes winning is worse than losing.

17. R. Lypsite ‘Future Tense’

1.He was born in 1938.He is a former publisher for The Nee York Times. He writes novels, screenplays and TV scripts. A New Yorker by birth, Mr. Lipsyte now lives in New Jersey with two children and his wife. He likes to write fiction stories.

2.Gary meets a new English teacher in his school. He should write a composition with description of a typical day at school. But his attempts are unsuccessful and he begins to think that new teacher and his colleagues are aliens.

3. The title doesn’t tell us about the plot of the story. We can guess that the story can be connected with school, some grammar rules.

4.Settings: the author start his story with the day at Gary’s school. He describes a new English teacher and the process of receiving awards to involve us into the story and boy’s thoughts.

5.The plot develops chronologicallyand author allocates the quotations from Gary’s composition and written comments of the teacher.

6. Exposition- when Dr. Proctor introduced a new English teacher, Mr. Smith. Complications: when Gary shows his work to the teacher but Mr. Smith makes him to improve the story.(“ Gary felt good until he got the composition back. Along one maigin, in a perfect script, Mr. Smith had written:You can do better.”,” Gary's rewrite came back the next day marked:Improving. Try again.”). Climax- speaking with Dr. Proctor(““So why'd you hire them?”Dr. Proctor laughed. “Because they'd never spot an alien…..”).The denoument- the last sentence(“I made it all up.” Gary had the sensation of rocketing upward. “I made up the whole...”)

7.3^rd person narration.

8. Speech form: The authors narration, dialogues and marks of the teacher and boy.

9. External conflict-b/n Gary and Mr.Smith. Internal conflict-b/n reality understanding of things by Gary and his imagination, where he is confused when the teacher can’t understand his ideas.

10. The characters are complex, and the author shows them us both directly and indirectly. The main hero-Gary –a boy with great power of imagination. The author describes the teacher at the beginning of the story, but also we know about him from Gary’s thoughts. Mr. Proctor is alwaysa primary character. Secondary characters are Dani Belzer, the prettiest poet in school, Mike Chung- help us to know Gary better.

14..Colloquial style. Simple vocabulary with slang(awesome, off the wall,Dude).

15.Tone and atmosphere-mysterious, sometimes tense(when Gary is nervous about his composition), and cheerful at the end of the story.

16. An alien-the symbol of smt extraordinary beyond all reasonable.

17.Stylistic devices: comparisons: (he felt on edge, psyched, like a boxer before the first-round bell), epithets(medium build,a real artist, vacuuming eyes).Rhetorical questions(If she doesn't like my compositions, how can I ever get her lo like me?). Hyperbola (The new teacher's beady eyes). Short sentences.

18. Theme- Gary is mistaken and confused when he tries to explain that non-realistic stories are kind of the same as realistic story.

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