ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS

The first electronic computers appeared in 1945. In the course of some dozens of years mathematicians learned to solve problems of great complexity using these machines. Electronic computers can be classified into two general types: general-purpose computers and special-purpose machines.

General-purpose computers are electronic machines that do all types of arithmetical computation — add, subtract, multiply, divide, square root. In addition, general-purpose computers are capable of performing a large number of other operations. A general-purpose computer can be regarded as a data-processing centre. From a machine point of view, a general-purpose computer is a combination of devices. From the functional point of view, it is a system which per­mits the user to process data for a large number of purposes. General-purpose computers can be further classified accord­ing to size and the speed of computation.

Special-purpose electronic computers are limited by the type of computations they can make or by the func­tions they can perform.

Electronic computers cannot replace the judgment of the human brain, but they will release it from mechanical func­tions.

Завдання 1. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. When did the first electronic computer appear?

2. How many and what types of computers are there?

3. What can general-purpose computers do?

4. How are general-purpose computers classified?

5. What can special-purpose computers do?

Завдання 2. Доповніть речення згідно зі змістом текста.

1. Mathematicians solve problems of great complexity using computing ______.

2. Electronic computers can be classified into two general ______.

3. General-purpose computers can perform many ______.

4. General-purpose computers are considered to be data-processing ______.

5. Electronic computers release the human brain from mechanical ______.

Завдання 3. Знайдіть синоніми до наступних слів у тексті.

а)

1. estimation

2. bounded

3. aim

4. opinion

5. to substitute

Знайдіть антоніми до наступних слів.

b)

1. simplicity

2. general

3. unable

4. to forbid

5. few

Завдання 4. Виберіть речення, які відповідають змісту тексту.

1. Computer is a combination of devices.

2. Computers are widely used in automation.

3. Electronic computers work according to a programme.

4. People use computers to solve mathematical problems.

5. People use computers to process data for numbers of purpose.

Завдання 5. Складіть речення із поданих слів.

1. Complex, using, solve, computers, mathematicians, problems.

2. Electronic, are, types, of, there, computers, two.

3. which, the user, is permits, data to process, computers, a system.

4. As, they, perform, special-purpose, Limited, computers, can to the functions, are.

5. Extraction the square root, operations, division, include, include, multiplication, arithmetic, addition, subtraction.

UNIT 2

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