The Problem of Smoking

VІІ Змістовий модуль

„Готельний сервіс”

Практичне заняття № 1

ТЕМА: У готелі. Резервація готелю (реєстрація і виписка з готелю).

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення часів Perfect.

Present Perfect.

Читання та обговорення тексту за вказаною темою:

Staying at the hotel

Speak about everyday services available at the hotel

When you come to another country or city you can stay at your friend’s house or flat. But if you haven’t got any relatives or friends you may stay at a hotel. There are 2 sorts of hotels: at the seaside and in city. The hotels at the seaside usually occupy big territory. And the services and facilities are usually better there then in city hotels. You can get more things free. Also at the seaside hotels food is served usually 2 of 3 times a day and in city hotels you can get only breakfast. Before you arrive somewhere you can make arrangements about a room of the hotel you’ll choose. You can call at the hotel of send them a fax or telegram which numbers you can find in the advertisement. If you haven’t done it, when you arrive at the hotel it is necessary to come up to the reception desk. There a person can order a room. First of all you must fill in an arrival card. In this card you must gave information about yourself. Your name and surname, telephone number and address besides it is necessary to point out how long you are going to stay here. Also among the seaside hotels the best with club system. Usually on the territory of such hotels there is 4-5 storied building with single rooms, double rooms, and suites and separate there are family cottages. The area of such hotels is usually very big about 50 hectares. Club system allows taking free any, soft drinks, food 24 hours a day, because everything is included into the price of the tour. There are all day room services, dry cleaners, laundries. In the rooms there is a refrigerator, bathroom, a satellite TV and direct dial phone. Also such hotels have their own place on the beach with comfortable sun beds.You can spend time riding horses, playing tennis, golf, polo, visiting shops, which are usually situated in the territory of the hotels. In the evenings you can go to the disco or to the restaurant. The menu in the restaurants including different cuisine’s such as: French, Spanish, Chinese, Turkish, Russian and so on. You can order a yacht tour to some historical places (if any) or something like that. After visiting such hotels you’ll return home happy and refreshed.

Questions:

1. What sorts of hotels do you know?

2. What sort of hotel would like to stay in?

3. What services do these hotels suggest?

Робота на текстом за професійним спрямуванням.

Спеціальність: Соціальна педагогіка

The Problem of Smoking

Smoking is the best way to bad health. Today half the men and a quarter of the women in the world smoke on the average. Some people think that there is not much sense in refraining from smoking, since the inhabitants of many cities and even villages breathe air contaminated with industrial and automobile wastes. They are very wrong. Vehicle exhaust gases are harmful in themselves, but a smoking driver is subjected to something far more dangerous.

Take another example: according to WHO (World Health Organization) figures, the sick rate is higher among smoking workers of the heavy engineering, chemical, ceramic, and mining, building, and cement and rubber industries.

The harm of tobacco smoke on women should be especially emphasized. In particular, smoking may affect the course of pregnancy. Smoking women may bring into the world crippled or abnormal children.

The evidence that exposure to other people's smoke is dangerous to health is now incontrovertible. The exposure to secondhand smoke is a serious health risk to non-smokers, increasing their chance of contracting lung cancer and heart disease. The degree of risk depends on the extent and duration of exposure. Particularly there is a high risk among workers in the hospitality industries (bar staff, casino workers and other employees in workplaces where smoking is routine). It is estimated that secondhand smoke causes one premature death a week.

In the past few years some measures have been taken to reduce smoking. There has been a growing awareness of the dangers of smoking throughout the world. The anti-smoking campaigns launched in a number of countries have brought about extensive public censure of this harmful habit and a decrease in the number of smokers among some groups of the population.

In our country the campaign to beat the cigarette habit has acquired a purposeful nature. Special legislative, medical and educational measures are being worked out.

Instructions forbid smoking among schoolchildren. Lessons on the harm of smoking have been included in courses of the anatomy, physiology and hygiene, the sale of cigarettes to minors is prohibited. Warnings against the harm of smoking are printed on packets of cigarette brands.

The ministries of railways, civil aviation, merchant marine and culture have worked out and now implement measures for regulating, limiting and restricting smoking in long-distance and suburban trains, planes, on sea vessels, in theatres, clubs, etc.

Questions:

1. How many people do smoke in the world today?

2. Why do people think that there is not much sense in refraining from smoking?

3. Why are they wrong?

4. What are the industries where the sick rate among smoking workers is higher?

5. How may smoking affect the course of pregnancy?

6. Why is the exposure to secondhand smoke a serious health risk to non-smokers?

7. What does the degree of risk depend on?

8. Where is risk among workers exposed to secondhand smoking particularly high?

9. What measures have been taken to reduce smoking in the past few years?

10. What has been done to prevent smoking among schoolchildren?

Vocabulary:

health —здоров’я

half — половина, одна друга

quarter — чверть, четверта частина

on the average — у середньому

to refrain — утримуватися

inhabitant — мешканець

to breathe — дихати

to contaminate — пачкати, забруднювати

wastes — відходи

exhaust gas — вихлопний газ

harmful — шкідливий, згубний

to subject — піддавати (дії, впливу)

according to — відповідно до, згідно

rate — пропорція, відношення; коефіцієнт; міра; відсоток, доля

heavy engineering — важке машинобудування

mining — вугільний

harm — шкода; збиток, ущерб, збиток (in; to)

to emphasize — надавати особливе значення; підкреслювати; акцентувати

in particular — особливо, зокрема

to affect — піддавати фізичній дії, тиску; шкодити, завдавати збиткуp

pregnancy — вагітність

cripple — інвалід

abnormal — ненормальний, неправильний; анормальний; що відхиляється від норми

evidence — доказ, підтвердження; свідоцтво

exposure — піддаватися дії

dangerous — небезпечний; ризикований

incontrovertible — безперечний, неспростовний, безперечний, незаперечний, безперечний

secondhand smoke — пасивне паління

to increase — зростати, збільшувати(ця); рости; посилюватися

to contract — мед. заразитися, захворіти

lung cancer — рак легенів

heart disease — серцеве захворювання; вада серця

degree — міра, рівень

to depend — залежати, знаходитися в залежності (від кого-н./ чого-н. - on, upon)

extent — простір, протяг, відстань, протяжність

duration — довжина, тривалість, тривалість

to estimate — оцінювати; приблизно підраховувати

to cause — послужити причиною/приводом для чого-н.; мотивувати щось

premature death — передчасна смерть

to take measures — вживати заходи

to reduce — послабляти, знижувати, скорочувати, зменшувати

awareness — обізнаність, інформованість

to launch — запускати, починати

censure — несхвалення, засудження, осуд

decrease — зменшення, убування, пониження; збавляння; зниження, скорочення, спад

to beat – перемагати

to acquire — отримувати, придбати

purposeful — цілеспрямований; що має намір

legislative — законодавчий

to work out — розробляти (план); складати (документ)

to prohibit — забороняти

brand — торгівельна марка, бренд

civil aviation — цивільна авіація

merchant marine — торговий флот

to implement — виконувати, здійснювати; забезпечувати виконання

to restrict — обмежувати

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення часів Perfect.

Present Perfect.

Група доконаних часів (Perfect Tenses) виражає дію, які закінчується до якогось моменту в теперішньому часі, минулому, майбутньому або майбутньому по відношенню до минулого. Доконані часи звичайно виражають наявність якогось результату дії, пов’язаної з наступними подіями. Вона утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова have у відповідному часі Indefinite + III форма основного дієслова.

Present Perfect

Present Perfect виражає дію, яка:

1) Завершується до моменту мовлення. При цьому час виконання дії не вказується, тут важливий факт: " Have you seen Hamlet"?

2) Якщо дія завершилася, а відрізок часу його виконання ще не закінчився, при цьому вживаються вирази (обставини часу) today, this week, this month, this year, this summer, etc. I have seen my friend this week.

3) Якщо в реченні є прислівник неозначеного часу: never, ever, just, already, since, not…yet, etc. He has just come. I have not seen him yet.

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