С Translate the last paragraph of the text into Russian and sum up what the text said about the Parthenon

d. Read the following paying attention to the sounds and [6] and [6], and explain
the use of articles in the following cases:

ancient Greece the temples on the Acropolis

Athens at the inspiration of Pericles

Athena the oldest Greek order of building

the Parthenon the Doric

the Acropolis the entablature above the columns

E. Write out from the text the words that might present a certain interest for an architect?

f. Say which of the following words in every pair you like better and make
a short sentence with the words you have chosen:

the architectural masterpiece — the architectural triumph

old remains — time-ravaged remains

grace — beauty

at the inspiration of— by the skill of

to glorify — to give honour and glory to

you know this:

Athena is the Greek goddess of wisdom and Athene's pa­tronising saint.

Pericles was an Athenian orator and statesman and his bust is now in the British Museum in London

The mythical centaurs — half men, half horses — for the ancient Greeks represented lawlessness, animal pas­sion and barbarism.

G. Write what you know now about: Zeus

Athena__

Aphrodite Pericles

A centaur__

the Parthenon

h. Say if you agree or disagree with the following statements and substantiate your point of view:

■ Every person should see the Parthenon with his own eyes.

■ Tourists do more harm than good to such relics of the past as the Parthenon.

i Many people try to learn new things while travelling during their holidays.

Have you heard about generation gaps?

Practice in speaking and expressing

Your ideas

Do you have any problems with.. What do you think about...

Translate these basic words and expressions into Russian:

ilock of flats_______________________________

he elders_________________________________

ny junior__________________________________

ny senior_________________________________

>arents___________________________________

:lose relatives______________________________

jrandma__________________________________

Jrandpa__________________________________

jrandchildren______________________________

liece_____________________________________

lephew___________________________________

:ousin____________________________________

о bring up children__________________________

о look after children________________________

>aby-sitter________________________________

naid_____________________________________

louse keeping______________________________

amily planning_____________________________

о behave properly________________ __________

о keep the family peace_____________________

о have an understanding with smb_____________

о get on well with each other_________________

о take them as they are_____________________

lot to see eye to eye________________________

о fall out with smb__________________________

i generation gap____________________________

о break up/ to split up_______________________

о quarrel_________________________________

о make it up_______________________________

о have a reunion___________________________

о get together _____________________________

о earn one's living_________________ _________

о provide security for the family_______________

о make life versatile________________________

о have various hobbies____.______________

volved with bringing up children, often because the mother goes out to work. Increased leisure facilities and more money mean that there are greater opportunities for the individual to take part in activities outside the home. Although the family holiday is still an important part of family life, many children have holidays away from their par­ents, often with a school party or other organized group.

I. Family life in Britain ____________________________

A 'typical' British family used to consist of mother, father and twQi children, but in recent years there have been many changes Щ family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and otheri are the result of changes in the society. For example, since the lave made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has to-creased. In fact one marriage in every three now ends in divorce This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society Щ now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmar­ried couples and single parents. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people's lives, there are many households which consist of only one person or one adult and children.

You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular Щ they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marrf again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family.

Members of a family — grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins -* keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used tol This is because people often move away from their home town t<| work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the tradii tional season for reunions. Although the family group is smaller nowadays than it used to be, relatives often travel many miles ill order to spend the holiday together.

In general, each generation is keen to become independent of par­ents in establishing its own family unit, and this fact can lead t<J social as well as geographical differences within the larger family group.

Relationships within the family are different now. Parents treat their children more as equals than they used to, and children have more freedom to make their own decisions. The father is more in-

Exercises

a. Read the text and write out the sentences in which the verbs are used in the Passive Voice. Read the following table:

=1 Grammar Notes

1 The Passive Voice is formed with the help of the verb to be in the appropriate tense and the Past Participle of the basic verb.

2 The Passive Voice is used when it is not known or when it is not important who performed the action.

b. Change the following sentences using the verbs in the Passive Voice:

1 They established their own family unit.

2 Parents often treat children as grown-ups.

3 We have made a very important decision.

4 The teacher involved all the group in the discussion.

5 That means greater opportunities for all.

5 Английский для гуманитариев

c. Translate into English paying attention to the tense and voice forms of the verbs:

1 Они поженились в прошлом году.

2 Мой друг разошелся с женой два года назад. Их развели в тече­ние часа.

3 Этот путеводитель издан в Афинах.

4 На конференции обсуждались традиции различных культур.

5 Эти сведения были получены только вчера.

6 Его выступление планировалось на последнем заседании.

7 За последнее время в культурной жизни страны произошли большие изменения.

d. Write down the words which are pronounced in the following way:

['tipikl] _ [,n'ju:nj9n]___________________

ftolarent] _ [mai'norati] ____________

[di'vo:s] _ [0ru:'aut] ____________

[клр1] [wi'Gm]

e. Read the following questions for your group-mate to answer. Write down the answers.

1 'How 'big was a 'typical 'British ___________________

'family in the» past? ___________________

2 'How 'big is it / now?-------------------------------------------

3 'Are di'vorces 'legal in / Britain? ___________________

4 'Is so'ciety in'tolerant of un'married

у people,| un'married 'couples and ___________________

'single/ parents? ___________________

5 Is there a tra'dition of 'members of a
'family to 'keep in 'touch throughout

the / life? ___________________

6 'How are 'children 'treated in 'most

'families in» Britain? ___________________

f. Translate into Russian paying attention to the construction used to do smth

which means to do smth often in the past

1 They used to meet on Christmas.

2 They used to exchange letters.

3 We used to go to the country for holidays.

4 A typical family used to consist of four persons.

5 The family group is now smaller than it used to be.

6 Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of bachelors.

7 They see less of each other than they used to.

g. Insert the correct prepositions wherever necessary and make short sentences
with the following expressions and phrases:

to consist... a few people to be tolerant... criticism to divorce... smb to move away... a home town

work

h. Match the synonyms from these two groups:

Make a few short sentences with some of the above words: e.g. Parents are often very patient.

i. Make the following adjectives negative with the help of the prefixes un-, im-, in-, ir-

patient____________________ tolerant__________________

married___________________ popular_________________

responsible________________ dependent

different__________________ val id____

Make a few short sentences with these words.

e.g. They were indifferent to their own children.

j. Write out the antonyms of the following words from the text:
old__________________________ very few_____

bigger____________________ more difficult

separately_________________ inside______

to begin___________________ minority____

united___________________ decreased_________________

Make a few short sentences with some of the words, e.g. They try to spend their holidays together.

k. Sum up what the text said about:

i the size of families in Britain

i family reunions

i the relations between parents and children

i the role of fathers in families

I. Say if you agree or disagree and substantiate your point of view:

1 Fathers play similar roles in families in Russia.

2 In every country most women prefer taking proper care of their chil dren to working.

3 Every family is very happy during the first years of their union.

m. Read the following questions for your group-mate to answer. Write down the answers.

1 'Are tra'ditional 'white 'weddings _______________

/ popular in many countries? ------------------------

2 'What ^preparations are 'usually _______________

'made for 'wedding * parties? -----------------------

3 'What 'wedding 'party do you _________________

con'sider I» deal? ------------------------

n. Explain the difference between the following words and translate them into Russian:

bride — bridegroom____________________________

engagement ring — wedding ring__________________

to go honeymooning — honey-moon ______________

2. The Brueghels

Little is known of Brueghel. It is not known where exactly he was born, but it was between 1525 and 1530. By 1551 he was a master of the Painters' Guild at Antwerp. He visited Italy and on his return painted some impressive landscapes. He satirized sin and drunken­ness in The Fall of the Rebel Angels (1562) and Peasant Dance (1566), and produced two masterpieces on biblical themes. Proces­sion to Calvary and Massacre of the Innocents (1566). A religious subject is embedded in the 16th-century detail in many of his works. The Uvely peasant scenes and crowded landscapes of Pieter Brueghel's canvases opened up a new door for the Flemmish school of painters. For a time after his death in Brussels in 1569, Brueghel's work seems to have been neglected, yet his observation of everyday life and his rapid, fluent style of brushwork were taken by the Flemmish painters who followed him. Among them were his sons, Pieter the Younger (1564—1638), and Jan (1568—1625), known as Velvet Brueghel for his silky landscapes and detailed still-life paintings.

Peasant wedding in northwestern Belgium, was painted by Pieter Brueghel the Elder in the sixteenth century.

There is satire and social comment in his composition. Satire in the silly grin on the bride's face and social comment in the hungry looks of the musicians. Brueghel is best known for his genre paintings, especially of peasant scenes, in which he combined minute observation of the Flemish tradition with the some­what fantastical manner of Hieronymus Bosch.

Exercises

a. Do you remember:

1 When and where was Pieter Brueghel born?

2 How was the picture illustrated here named by the painter?

3 To what did you pay attention when you looked at it?

b. Work in pairs

1 Imagine your group-mate does not know much about Pieter Brueghel and has never seen the picture Peasant Wedding Let him/her ask you a few questions and share your knowledge.

2 Act out a similar talk with your group-mate imagining you don't know much about Hieronymus Bosch.

Hieronymus Bosch is an early Dutch painter who lived from 1450 to 1516. His fantastic visions of weird and hellish creatures, as seen in The Garden of Earthly Delights show astonishing imagination and a complex imagery, creating cruel caricatures of human sinful­ness. This picture is exhibited in the Prado, Madrid.

с Write out the sentence speaking about the influence of the Dutch painter on Pieter Brueghel and all the words associated with painting from these two texts.

d. Say if you agree or disagree and give a few examples:

■ Many painters are influenced by their predecessors or contemporaries.

■ There are many painters who are excellent in genre painting, i Paintings help to learn traditions and styles of life.

e. Translate into English paying attention to the use of tenses and voices:

1 Картины Питера Брейгеля, изображающие крестьянский быт, дали начало жанровой живописи.

2 На картине изображена сельская свадьба в XVI в. в Голландии (Нидерландах).

3 — Но невесты, по-моему, не видно.

— Нет, невеста изображена, она в центре, на почетном месте.

4 — Я не знаю, где можно увидеть эту картину.

— Ее можно увидеть в Художественном музее Вены.

5 Очень хорошо, что такой материал включен в учебник.

6 В своих картинах Босх изображает в карикатурном виде люд­ские пороки.

7 Два сына Питера Брейгеля стали художниками.

f. Complete the following sentences about Brueghel's painting illustrated here:

1 In the forefront we see________________________________

2 In the centre__ is/are painted___________________________

3 In the background the painter___________________________

g. Repeat what the text says about Brueghel's children and read

the following questions for your group-mate to answer. Write down the answers.

1 'Is it an exceptional / case| that a 'painter's

'children 'follow his 'father's J suit?

2 'Which of those 'three 'painters is the ____________________

'most * popular?

3 'Why do you 'think the 'children 'chose __________________

to be'come ♦ painters?

4 'Is the ex'ample of 'parents 'very

im'portant for J children?

3. A generation gap

A few people are interviewed on generation gap, a serious problem in Britain:

Interview 1

Interviewer: What's wrong with today's teenagers? Parent: That's easy — everything. Interviewer: For example?

Parent: They want to be treated like adults, but they won't take adult responsibilities. They just sit around, listening to loud music.

Interview 2

Interviewer: Do you have any problems with your teenage children? Parent: My son's fine, he works hard at school, but I have problems with my daughter Susan. She never lis­tens to us. I think she doesn't even like us. She and her friends just use the house like a convenient ho­tel, and she wears these terrible clothes. I think she does it to upset us.

Interview 3

Interviewer: What do you think about your parents, Paul?

Paul: Well, they're so boring. I mean, they want us to be like them and accept their way of life. Susan: Yeah, they think we're all delinquents and crimi­nals, just 'cos they don't like the way we look. They're afraid what the neighbours will think of our hair and clothes.

Paul: I mean, I quite like my Mum and Dad, but they treat us like kids — always ordering us around. I think they're jealous because we have a much better time than they did when they were young.

Exercises

a. Read the interviews and write down the words which are pronounced
in the following way:

[,d3en3'rei|n] ___________ __ [ta 'hsn] ___________

[tu 'intavju:] ___________ __ ['do:ta] ___________

['intavjuia] ____________ [kan'vinjant] ___________

f'tHnrip] ___________ [di'lirjkwant] ___________

['eedAlt] ____________ ['neiba] ___________

b. Read the following questions for your group-mate to answer. Write down the answers.

1 'Who do you 'think the ____________________

'interviewer» is?

2 'Why did he/she 'choose this ______________________

par'ticular 'theme to 'interview

♦ people on?------------------- --

3 'How did he/she 'choose the _____________________

♦ interviewers?

4 'Do the 'people 'interviewed in _____________________

'samples '2 and '3 'make 'one and

the 'same / family?

5 'Who was the 'person 'interviewed _____________________

♦ first, to your mind?---------

с Write down the contracted forms used in the text:

what is wrong ________________________________________

they will not take responsibilities__________________________

she does not even like us________________________________

they are so boring_____________________________________

just because they do not like us___________________________

d. Underline the verb like and translate these expressions and phrases into Russian:

to be treated like adults _________________________________

she doesn't even like us_________________________________

they use the house like a convenient hotel___________________

they want us to be like them_____________________________

they don't like the way we look___________________________

I quite like my Mum and Dad____________________________

they treat us like kids_________

e. Fill in the table with synonyms and antonyms of the following words:

synonym

child

kid

easy

loud

hard

convenient

terrible

boring

f. Explain the use of the articles in the following cases:

a generation gap their way of life today's teenagers to listen to loud music they are afraid what the neighbours will say

g. Complete the following questions the way you like:
1 What's wrong with____________________

2 Do you have any problems with

3 What do you think about____

4 Do you like_______________

5 Do they trea^t_______________

h. Make a few short sentences with the fallowings expressions:

to be responsible for smth to have a post of responsibility

to take responsibility (for smth) it is smb's responsibility

to assume responsibility (for smth) smb's heavy responsibilities

i. Read the following paying attention to the sounds and intonation:

what well want way

with will work was

wear were where delinquent

1 I 'think she 'works V hard.

2 I 'think they are V jealous.

3 They 'think we are 'all de^ I inquents.

4 I 'think she 'doesn't 'even» like us.

5 I 'think she 'does it to up * set us.

j. Work in pairs

Reproduce each interview with your group-mate. You may add some sentences you find proper.

k. Read the following letter and answer the questions that follow:

Mother,

1 won't be home this evening, so don't worry; you don't have to report me missing. Don't drain the canals to find me, I decided to stay alive, don't search the woods, I'm not hiding, simply gone to get myself classi­fied. Don't circulate my photograph to society. I have disguised myself as a man and am giving priority to obscurity. It suits me fine: I have taken off my short trousers and put on long ones, and now am going out into the city, so don't worry; don't hurry to report me missing. I've rented a room without any curtains and sit behind the windows growing cold, heard your plea on the radio this morning, you sounded sad and strangely old.

Questions:

1 How old do you think the boy is? ------------------------------------

What makes you think so? ___________________

2 Why did he leave home, to your mind? ------------------------- —

3 Did he sound sarcastic?

4 Why did he decide to write this letter? -----------------------------

5 What could the mother feel reading ---------------------------------

this letter?

6 Would the boy return home one day? ----------------------------

I. Complete the sentences using the text of the letter:

1 You don't have to_________ 3 I decided_______________

2 Don't__________________ 4 I have__________________

m. Translate into Russian:

1 I'm simply gone to get myself classified.

2 I'm giving priority to obscurity.

3 And now I am going out into the city.

4 You sounded sad and strangely old.

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