 |
АвтоАвтоматизацияАрхитектураАстрономияАудитБиологияБухгалтерияВоенное делоГенетикаГеографияГеологияГосударствоДомДругоеЖурналистика и СМИИзобретательствоИностранные языкиИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКомпьютерыКулинарияКультураЛексикологияЛитератураЛогикаМаркетингМатематикаМашиностроениеМедицинаМенеджментМеталлы и СваркаМеханикаМузыкаНаселениеОбразованиеОхрана безопасности жизниОхрана ТрудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПриборостроениеПрограммированиеПроизводствоПромышленностьПсихологияРадиоРегилияСвязьСоциологияСпортСтандартизацияСтроительствоТехнологииТорговляТуризмФизикаФизиологияФилософияФинансыХимияХозяйствоЦеннообразованиеЧерчениеЭкологияЭконометрикаЭкономикаЭлектроникаЮриспунденкция
EXERCISE 3. Translate into English. 1. Я родился 31 декабря, так что это двойной праздник для меня
1. Я родился 31 декабря, так что это двойной праздник для меня. 2. Ум хорошо, а два лучше. 3. Конференцзал находится на четвертом этаже. 4. Седьмая часть прибыли этой фирмы идет на благотворительность. 5. – Как насчет второй чашечки кофе? – Спасибо, одной достаточно. 6. Он сделал вторую, третью попытку, и лишь четвертая увенчалась успехом. 7. Многим нравятся фильмы шестидесятых. 8. Вода покрывает четыре пятых земной поверхности. 9. В Ватикане 11 500 комнат. 10. Давай устроим чай на двоих, хорошо?
THE VERB – Present Forms: Level B
| Present Simple | Present Cont. | Present Perfect | Present Perf.Cont. | |
| a | permanent situations or states She works as a nurse. He owns a large shop. | temporary situations They are staying at the Park Hotel at present. | recently completed actions She has tided her room (She has finished tiding her room You can see it is tidy now – evidence in the present) | actions started in the past and continuing up to the present He’s been writing a letter for two hours. (He started two hours ago and he’s still writing it.) |
| b | repeated / habitual actions (especially with frequency adverbs: often, usually, etc) I usually get up at 7.30. | actions happening at or around the moment of speaking She is looking for a better job | actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present He has lost his keys. (He is still looking for them) | past action of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present She’s been crying. (Her eyes are red.) |
| c | permanent truths or laws of nature Money doesn’t buy happiness. Water freezes at 0°C. | repeated actions with “always” expressing annoyance or criticism She’s always interrupting me! | personal experiences/changes which have happened I’ve lost 10 kilos. | Actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanations or criticism Who has been using my toothbrush? (annoyance) |
| d | timetables/programmes (future meaning) The plane leaves at 6.10. | fixed arrangements in the near future The Browns are visiting us tonight (It’s all arranged.) | emphasis on number She’s written three letters since this morning. | Emphasis on duration (usually with for since or how long) She’s been calling on clients since this morning. |
| e | reviews/sports commentaries/dramatic narrative Meryl Streep acts brilliantly in this film. | changing or developing situations His English is getting better |
Time expressions used with:
| Present Simple | every day/week/month/year, usually, often, always, rarely, never, sometimes, in the morning/evening/afternoon, at night, on Mondays, etc |
| Present Cont. | now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still |
| Present Perfect | just, ever, never, already, yet, always, how long, so far, recently, since, for, today, this week/month, etc |
| Present Perfect Cont. | how long, for, since |
Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous with no difference in meaning.
I’ve been leaving / I’ve lived in Rome for a year.
State verbs
Verbs describing a permanent state (state verbs) do not normally have continuous forms. These are:
(1) verbs of the senses: see, hear, smell, feel, taste etc
(2) verbs of opinion: agree, believe, consider etc
(3) verbs of emotions: feel, forgive, hate, like, love etc
(4) other verbs: appear (=seem), be, belong, fit, have (possess), know, look (appear), need, prefer, require, want, weight, wish etc
The verbs look, watch, listen express deliberate actions and can be used in continuous forms.
Some state verbs: see, smell, taste, feel, think, have etc have continuous forms but there is a difference in meaning.
| verb | STATE | ACTION |
| think | I think she is rich. | I’m thinking about your plan. |
| taste | The milk tastes awful. | He is tasting the sauce; it might need some salt. |
| have | He has a pet dog. | He’s having dinner now. |
| feel | This cloth feels like velvet. | She’s feeling her way in the dark. |
| see | I see you are in trouble. | I’m seeing my lawyer tonight. |
| smell | The kitchen smells of burnt meet. | Why are you smelling your food? |
| come | He comes from Spain. | He’s coming from Spain. |
| love | I love holidays. | I’m loving this holiday. |
| look | Your hair looks great. | She is looking at some old photographs. |
| weigh | The baby weighs 5 kilos. | I’m weighing myself on my new scales. |
| be | Ann is very tall. | Ann is being very kind to me these days. |
Поиск по сайту: