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Task 7. Translate the following sentences into Russian

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  1. a) Mark the sentences T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say).
  2. A) Read the dialogue and translate it into Ukrainian.
  3. Answer the following questions.
  4. Arctic on XXI century: China’s and Russian Interests
  5. Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants according to the following pronounles:
  6. B) Answer the following questions.
  7. B) Answer the following questions.
  8. B) Translate into English using the above dialogue.
  9. C) Find adjectives in the first two texts which mean the following.
  10. C) Find English equivalents for the following phrases.
  11. Choose the correct alternative in each of these sentences. Then match them to the statements a-i about use of tenses.
  12. Complete the sentences with the correct auxiliary (was/wasn’t or were/weren’t)
  1. It seems worth reporting that а legal framework for this type of activity also existed under communist ruleand that а progressive transfer of governmental tasks and competences tо non-governmental organizations (NGOs) was even considered as one of the pillars of the communist doctrine of the state.
  2. In this situation, it was mainly international and foreign NGOs that brought their know-how to countries.
  3. It should be taken into account that by involving nonprofit organizations, local governments may have to make some small expenses but benefit from such cooperation may be multiple.
  4. It is important to understand that by involving nonprofit organizations and pressure groups in the process of devising strategies and plans; a part of responsibility is delegated to them, and imposes on them an obligation to make their best efforts in order to achieve the best results.
  5. Through the nonprofit organizations it is possible to improve the flow of information from local governments to the people and to receive feedback about the opinions of people during the implementation of local government policies.
  6. It is important to note in connection with this topic that the said document establishes as an important task the potential transfer of a number of functions to the private sector and the third sector – the ineffective areas public administration and the services of public administration institutions not related with administrative functions are identified and contracted out to the private or third sectors, keeping for itself only strategic (when giving up the control over the process may have a negative impact on the capacity to influence the functions of key areas), critical (which can be guaranteed only by a control over the whole process) and other services only when it is difficult to determine the market or when the private sector does not wish to provide a given service.
  7. Unfortunately, it has to be said that the document concerning the development of public administration is too general in the part which regards the involvement of the third sector and does not offer concrete solutions.
  8. One can say that the relationship between the public sector and the nonprofit sector is of casual nature, not yet clearly shaped, depending on personal sympathies and connections – on the one hand, on how active the people in the third sector are and their lobbying skills, and on the other hand, on the willingness and desire of the officials to develop cooperation with the third sector.
  9. It is not clear to whom the NGOs are accountable.
  10. It has also become increasingly routine in the last decade for civil society groups to interact with other sectors, contributing to a broader network of contestational communication if not consensus on the issue.
  11. It could be argued that successive US network have been not successful at engaging policy makers’ interest through direct contacts with them.

 

Task 8. 1) Carry out a comparative analysis of English and Russian versions, paying particular attention to impersonal and emphatic constructions. 2) Having closed first the right-hand side and then the left-hand side interpret the text from English into Russian and from Russian into English.

There areover a million nonprofit organizations in the United States, a number that has increased over 25 percent in the past quarter century. It is not easy to describe nonprofit organizations and this is partly what makes managing them such a difficult task fraught with challenges and problems. In a profit-making company a manager generally knows whether he or she is doing a good job, but it is often less clear in a nonprofit organization in which the primary purpose is not to make money but to serve the public. One can say that the essential defining characteristic of nonprofit organizations is the fact that they are established to provide a service to the public, and to some extent this is true. But this idea of a public service mission can be misleading. For one thing, there area number of nonprofit organizations that are not organized to serve the public (for example, country clubs and labor unions). Число некоммерческих организаций в Соединенных Штатах превышает миллион, и за последнюю четверть века их численность возросла более чем на 25 %. Нелегко описать некоммерческую организацию, и это частично обуславливает сложность управления ею, предопределяет множество сложных проблем и задач, возникающих в этой области. В коммерческих предприятиях управляющий, как правило, знает, насколько хорошо он работает. В некоммерческих организациях, где основной целью является не извлечение прибыли, а работа на благо общества, сложно определить, насколько эффективна работа руководителей. Утверждают, что отличительной чертой некоммерческой организации является то, что она создается для предоставления социально-значимых услуг. В какой-то степени это верно. Однако такая концепция может быть ошибочной. Во-первых, существует множество некоммерческих организаций, которые созданы никак не в целях оказания услуг всему обществу (например, элитные загородные клубы, профсоюзы и т.п.).

 


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