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Порівняння вживання часів: Present Indefinite / Continuous, Future Indefinite / Continuous; Конструкція: to be going to do smth
§ 1 Розгляньте таблицю 1 та порівняйте вживання часів the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous
Таблиця 1 – Часи the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous
| Час | Приклади речень | Вживання часу |
| Present Indefinite | (+) I read. They read. She reads. He reads. (?) Do you / they read? Does she / he read? (-) They / we don’t read. He / she doesn’t read. | дія є повторюваною, відбувається завжди, постійно, часто, інколи (always, sometimes, often, usually) |
Продовження таблиці 1
| Час | Приклади речень | Вживання часу |
| Present Continuous | (+) I am reading. They / we are reading. She / he is reading. (?) Are you / they reading? Is she / he reading? (-) They / we aren’t reading. He / she isn’t reading. | дія відбувається в момент мовлення (now, at this moment) |
| Future Indefinite | (+) I will read. They’ll read. She will read. He’ll read. (?) Will you / they read? Will she / he read? (-) They / we will not read. He / she / you won’t read. | дія є прогнозом, передбаченням щодо майбутнього; звичайна дія у майбутньому (I think, I believe, I expect, I am sure) |
| Future Continuous | (+) I / we will be reading. They / she will be reading. (?) Will you / they be reading? Will she/ he be reading? (-) They will not be reading. I / he / you won’t be reading. | дія відбуватиметься в певний момент або період часу в майбутньому (at 7 a.m. tomorrow) |
§ 2 Розгляньте таблицю 2 та вивчіть, як вживається конструкція be going to
Таблиця 2 - The construction be going to
| Using of the construction | Examples of using |
| 1Вираз be going to вживається для вираження планів, намірів прагнень стосовно майбутнього. | I am going to become a famous violinist one day. Now that they have won the lottery, they are going to buy a big house. |
| 2Вираз be going to вживається для дій, які ми вже вирішили здійснити у найближчому майбутньому. | They are going to get married in three months. (they have already decided to do it) BUT: They are getting married next month. (they have decided and arranged to do it) |
| 3 Вираз be going to вживається для вираження передбачень та прогнозів, якщо очевидно, що дія відбудеться у найближчому майбутньому. | Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. Look at him! He is going to win the race. |
| 4Запам’ятайте, що вираз be going to вживається, якщо говорять про намір виконати дію, а will вживають для того, щоб додати подробиці, або коментар. | - I am going to have a party next week. I willinvite all my friends. - That will be great. |
Продовження таблиці 2
| Using of the construction | Examples of using |
| 5З дієсловами, що означають рух (e.g. go, come) для вираження наміру виконати дію у майбутньому зазвичай вживають Present Continuous. | Sam is going to the market in a few minutes. Sheila is coming to my house for tea this afternoon. |
Завдання для самоконтролю
Вправа 1 Відкрийте дужки, використовуючи часи the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Future Indefinite
1. Her sister... (study) at an Institute. 2. My mother usually... (come) home at 6 o'clock. 3.... you often... (go) to school together? 4. Tom and Nick... (not/play) football very well. 5.... his brother... (finish) his work at 6 o'clock? 6. I... (not/meet) Jane every day. 7. They... (spend) their next holidays in the Caucasus. 8. His friend... (not/live) in Paris. 9. I... (get up) late tomorrow. 10. They often... (send) us parcels. 11. It... (be) a very interesting scientific film. 12. Where... you... (hurry)? — I... (hurry) to the railway station. 13.... you... (hear) the speaker well? — Yes, I... (hear) him clearly. I... (listen to) very attentively, but I... (not/understand) the main point of his speech. 14. Don't come into this room. Father (work) there now. 15. Where are you going this Sunday? — This Sunday I... (go) to the country, but usually on Sundays I... (stay) at home. 16. He... (speak) to us every morning. 17. I hope he... (write) to us soon. 18. They seldom... (eat) any oranges. 19.... Mr. Smith always... (pay) his bills? 20. It... (rain) every week.
Вправа 2 Відкрийте дужки, використовуючи часи the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Future Indefinite
1. Where is John? He (play) football in the yard. 2. I (not/like) the picture you (look) at now. 3. He (read) books in three languages, and now he (read) a French novel. 4. She usually (do) her homework at home, but now she (do) in at the library. 5. In autumn many birds (fly) to the South. 6. What that woman (do) there? She (sell) vegetables. 7. "We (be) as quiet as mice." promised the children. 8. "Hands up or I (shoot) you!" cried the highwayman. 9. "Come back," he shouted, "or the wolf (catch) you!" 10. We (begin) as soon as Tom (be ready). 11. I (stay) here until it (get) warmer. 12. Mother (bring) us cakes when she (go) out. 13. If he (have) time he (come) to us. 14. What you (buy) here? I (buy) an English text-book. 15. Look! How many birds (fly) high up in the air! 16. There are many children in the garden. Some of them (run) about others (sit) on the benches and (laugh)! 17. Don't leave until I (send) you a message. 18. She (be) very happy if you (take) her to the theatre. 19. "Yes, I (marry) you," she said at once. 20. "I (love) you for ever," he declared emphatically. 21. We (stay) in the waiting room while Robert (look) for a porter. 22. I (make) you a nice cup of tea as soon as the water (boil). 23. If you (come) past six o'clock you (not/find) him waiting. 24. I think I (wait) here until your bus (come).
Вправа 3 Відкрийте дужки, використовуючи часи the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous
1. Tomorrow he … still … (work) when she comes home. 2. At two o’clock tomorrow we … (take) our French lesson. 3. What … (do) Peter …? … he … (have) his English lesson now? – No, he … (have) his English tomorrow. 4. Where … (be) Susan? – She … (work) in the library at the moment. She … (stop) working in a hour. 5. We … (wait) for them at two o’clock tomorrow. We … (be) sure they … (come) in time. 6. If she … (not/come) tomorrow, ring her up. 7. Mother … (iron) the linen tomorrow. 8. I am sure Sally … (marry) Peter if he … (propose) to her. 9. – What are your plans for tonight? – Well, I … (meet) Steve at eight. 10. Watch out! You … (bang) your head on the doorframe! 11. - I … (have) a party tonight. Do you want to come? - Yes. What time does it start? 12. – Have you made plans for Saturday yet? – I … (go) to the cinema with Jack. 13. She says that tomorrow she … (see) her favourite film at six o'clock if she … (come) home in time. 14. I am sure that if they … (see) me again, they … (recognize) me at once. 15. – I have decided what to wear for the party. – Really? What … you … (wear), then? 16. – Why do you need hat soapy water? – Because I … (wash) the car.
Вправа 4 Відкрийте дужки, використовуючи will або going to
Examples: 1) - Why are you turning on the television? – I am going to watch the news. 2) - Oh, I've just realised - I haven't got any money. - Don't worry - that's no problem. I will lend you some. 3) - Those clouds are very black, aren't they? I think it is going to rain.
1. - I've got a terrible headache. - Wait here and I … (get) an aspirin for you. 2. - Why are you filling that bucket with water? - I … (wash) the car. 3. - I've decided to repaint this room. - Oh, have you? What color … (you/paint) it? 4. - Look! There's smoke coming out of that house. It's on fire! - Good heavens! I … (call) the fire-brigade immediately. 5. - The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it? - No, it looks as if it … (fall) down. 6. - Are you going shopping? - Yes, I … (buy) something for dinner. 7. - I can't work out how to use this camera. - It's quite easy. I … (show) you. 8. - What would you like to drink - tea or coffee? – I … (have) tea, please. 9. - Has he decided what to do when he leaves school? - Oh yes. Everything is planned. He … (have) a holiday for a week and then he … (start) a course on marketing. 10. - Did you post that letter for me? - Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. I … (do) it now. 11. - What shall we have for dinner? - I don't know. - Come on! Make a decision! - O.K. then. We … (have) chicken. 12. - We need some bread for lunch. - Oh, do we? I … (go) to the shop and get some.
Вправа 5 Доповніть речення, використовуючи be going to
Examples: 1) It isn’t snowing today and it isn’t going to snow tomorrow. 2) She ate a lot of fish today and she is going to eat a lot of fishtomorrow.
1. I ate lunch with Alan today, and (eat) lunch with him tomorrow too. 2. Ann wasn't in class today, and she (not/be) in class tomorrow either. 3. Mary walked to school this morning, and (walk) to school tomorrow morning too. 4. Harry didn't go to work today, and … to work tomorrow either. 5. My friends came over last night, and … over this evening too. 6. I didn't eat lunch at the cafeteria this noon, and … lunch there tomorrow either. 7. We're doing Exercises in class today, and … exercises in class tomorrow too. 8. It isn't raining today, and according to the weather report … tomorrow either.
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