Lesson 12 DIGESTION

Задание 62. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова:

protoplasm, protein, carbohydrate, muscular, rumen, rumenotomy, abdominal, catgut, herbivorous, absorb, digestion, ingesta, incision, suture

Задание 63. Переведите следующие слова и объясните их значение:

accomplish, salt, change, alter, utilize, reduce, physically, proceed, piece, stomach, thoroughly, swallow, perform, insert, remove, wound, medicine, hour

Упражнение 1. Прочтите следующие слова и на своем опросном листе напишите номера сначала существительных, затем прилагательных и наречий: 1) digestion; 2) thoroughly; 3) eater; 4) abdominal; 5) re­moval; 6) outer; 7) firmly; 8) digestive; 9) inorganic.

Упражнение 2. Найдите в следующих словах словообразующие суффиксы и переведите эти слова на русский язык: plasmic, effectively, physical, muscular, assistant, physically, operation.

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

1) The English noun "absorption" is formed from the Latin word "absorptio". What is the meaning of the verb "to absorb"?

Water is absorbed by the organism of animals from the digestive tract.

2) The verb "to accomplish" is the synonym of the verb "to finish".

Vaccination of the dairy cows will be accomplished tomorrow.

3) The verb "to alter" is the synonym of the verb "to change".
Protoplasmic materials alter in the digestive tract.

4) Animals eat their food in different manner. Cows chew their food.

5) The English noun "action" is formed from the Latin noun "actio" (действовать).

Changes occurred in the action of the digestive tract of this patient.

6) The adverb "through" means "через" in Russian.
Some mediсinеs are injected in the body through the skin.

7) The adjeсtive "herbivorous" is formed from the Latin word "herba". Cows, horses and sheep are herbivorous animals.

8) The meaning of the verb 'to swallow " is - "глотать".
Cows chew their food and then swallow it.

9) You know the meaning of the adjective "digestive". What is the meaning of the noun " digestion "?

Digestion is an important function of the digestive tract.

10) to perform = to do

This operation is performed only in severe cases.

11) This is a stomach. The stomach is the organ where the digestion is continued.

12) The word " without " is the antonym of the word "with".

The veterinarian can do this operation without the assistant.

13) Ingesta is the food that is contained in the stomach.

14) The English noun " reduction " is formed from the Latin noun "reductio".

The reduction of the disease in cattle was caused by preventive measures.

15) The noun "wound" means "рана".

The wound is very dangerous.

16) We may use the verb " to proceed " instead of the verb "to occur" in the following sentence:

The process of digestion proceeds in the digestive tract and stomach.

17) We know that the heart is situated in the left side of the chest.

18) The adjective " strong" is the antonym of the adjective "weak". - The horse is a strong animal.

Задание 64. Повторите по Грамматике английского языка тему «Модальные глаголы».

Упражнение 4. Укажите английское предложение, соответствующее русскому: «Хирург должен вы­полнить операцию».

1) The surgeon performed the operation.

2) The surgeon must perform the operation.

3) The surgeon can perform the operation.

4) The surgeon may perform the operation.

5) The surgeon will perform the operation.

Упражнение 5. Укажите предложение, в котором глагол «саn» означает «могу» (в смысле умственной способности, умения).

1) You can diagnose the disease.

2) You can use this surgical instrument.

3) This plant can absorb much water.

4) You can understand my question.

5) He can visit the patient at the clinic

Упражнение 6. Найдите английское предложение, соответствующее русскому: «Вы можете завершить эксперимент на следующей неделе».

1) You must accomplish the experiment next week.

2) You will accomplish the experiment next week.

3) You can accomplish the experiment next week.

Помните! За модальным глаголом всегда следует инфинитив без частицы «to» (исключение «ought to»). Сочетание модального глагола с инфинитивом выполняет в предложении функцию составного глагольного сказуемого.

Упражнение 7. Укажите предложение, сказуемое которого состоит из модального глагола и инфинитива.

1) Circulation of blood of this patient proceeds properly.

2) The ingesta must be removed from the stomach.

3) They want to alter the method of fracture treatment.

4) The surgeon must introduce some medicine into the stomach.

5) He will improve this method of treatment.

6) You may increase the number of experiments next month.

7) He can continue vaccination of animals tomorrow.

Упражнение 8. Перепишите предложения, поставив в конце каждого соответствующий знак препинания. Сделайте перевод.

1) Can you suture (зашивать) the wound

2) You can suture the wound

3) You cannot suture the wound

4) Must we accomplish our work by Friday

5) We must use transfusion of blood in this case

Упражнение 9. Укажите предложения в отрицательной форме.

1) Не can insert the surgical instrument into the organ.

2) She must remove the foreign body from the respiratory tract of the cow.

3) This patient cannot swallow the medicine.

4) You may use reptiles in the experiment.

5) He must not introduce the medicine through the skin.

В английском языке есть заменители модальных глаголов.

Задание 65. Выучите следующие заменители модальных глаголов:

must = to have to; to be to

can = to be able to

may = to be allowed to

После заменителей модальных глаголов следует инфинитив с частицей «to».

Упражнение 10. "I can apply the new method of treatment" - Найдите соответствие.

1) I shall apply the new method of treatment.

2) I have to apply the new method of treatment.

3) I am to apply the new method of treatment.

4) I am allowed to apply the new method of treatment.

5) I am able to apply the new method of treatment.

Упражнение 11. Определите соответствующий глагол к каждому из следующих предложений:

1) He... to accomplish the experiment only yesterday: a) can, b) was able, c) will be able.

2) We... to report about the results of our experiments today: a) must,
b) have, c) can.

3) We... to go to the dairy farm tomorrow: a) may, b) might, c) shall be allowed.

4) We... to remove sick animals from healthy ones: a) had, b) could, c) may.

Упражнение 12. Какое английское предложение соответствует русскому: «Хирургу следует удалить инородное тело из пищеварительного тракта коровы»? –

1) The surgeon ought to remove the foreign body from the digestive tract of the cow.

2) The surgeon could remove...

3) The surgeon might remove...

4) The surgeon should remove...

Задание 66. Изучите конструкцию - модальный глагол + Infinitive Passive (напр. can be asked, must be treated, should be caused).

Упражнение 13. Укажите предложения, содержащие модальный глагол + Infinitive Passive:

1) My research work must be accomplished by the end of the year.

2) He ought to remove the foreign body immediately.

3) My dog has to be operated today.

4) You may report about the results of your experiments at the conference.

5) Veterinarians should examine animals regularly.

6) Losses from this dangerous communicable disease can be reduced this year.

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