Unit 10. Neurology

&Neurology

Neurology deals with medical problems that include:

• headache disorders like migraines

• degenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease

• cerebrovascular illnesses such as strokes

• sleep disorders

• cerebral palsy

• infections such as encephalitis

• tumours of the brain and spinal cord

• tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome

• diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis

• traumatic injuries to the brain and spinal cord

• comas

• speech and language disorders.

Neuroimaging,which includes things like magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalograms, allows for a close examination of brain activity Other neurological tests are more mundane and assess vision, strength, co-ordination, and reflexes.

A CT scanner sends x-rays through the body from different angles, producing detailed 3-D images of internal structures. CT scans are especially useful for diagnosing bleeding in the brain, aneurysms, brain tumours, and brain damage.

&Brain diseases

The brain is the control center of the body. It controls thoughts, memory, speech, and movement. It regulates the function of many organs. Inflammation in the brain can lead to problems such as vision loss, weakness and paralysis. Brain tumors can also press on nerves and affect brain function. Some brain diseases are genetic. And we do not know what causes some brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.

&Stroke

Strokes happen when blood flow to the brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. There are two kinds of stroke. The more common kind, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. "Mini-strokes" or transient ischemic attacks), occur when the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted.

Symptoms of stroke are

• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Drug therapy with blood thinners is the most common treatment for stroke.

&Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a bump, blow, jolt, or other head injury causes damage to the brain.

Symptoms of a TBI may not appear until days or weeks following the injury. A concussion is the mildest type. It can cause a headache or neck pain, ringing in the ears, dizziness, and tiredness, repeated vomiting or nausea, convulsions, inability to awaken from sleep, slurred speech, weakness or numbness in the arms and legs, dilated eye pupils.

Health care professionals use a neurological exam and imaging tests to assess TBI. TBI can cause a wide range of changes affecting thinking, sensation, language, or emotions.. People with severe injuries usually need rehabilitation.

&Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities.

1 Word – box

1. vision loss – потеря зрения

2. stroke –приступ, удар, паралич, припадок

3. blood clot -тромб

4. numbness - нечувствительность

5. confusion - путаница

6. bump - столкновение

7. blow - удар

8. jolt – толчок, тряска

9. slurred - невнятный

10. dilated - расширенный

11. dementia – (приобретенное) слабоумие

12. concussion - сотрясение

13. interrupt - прерывать

14. briefly – на короткое время

Упр. 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний

центр управления организмом; воспаление мозга; поражают функцию мозга; ток крови к мозгу; тромб; блокирует кровеносный сосуд; онемение лица; затрудненная речь; затруднения при ходьбе; препараты, разжижающие кровь; травматическое повреждение мозга; невнятная речь; влияет на способность человека; форма слабоумия.

Упр.2. Найдите соответствие

Упр. 3. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What does the brain control?

2. Does it regulate the function of many organs?

3. What problems can inflammation of the brain lead to?

4. Can brain tumors affect brain function?

5. When do strokes happen?

6. What are two kinds of a stroke?

7. What are the symptoms of the stroke?

8. What is the most common treatment for the stroke?

9. When does traumatic brain injury happen?

10. What are the symptoms of the traumatic brain injury?

11. What do health care professionals use to assess TBI?

12. What changes can TBI cause?

13. What is dementia?

Упр. 4. Дополните предложения

1. The brain is …

2. Inflammation in the brain can lead to…

3. Brain tumors can press on…

4. Strokes happen when …

5. The ischemic stroke is caused by …

6. The hemorrhagic stroke is caused by …

7. Symptoms of a stroke are …

8. The most common treatment for the stroke is …

9. Traumatic brain injury happens when …

10. Symptoms of a TBI are …

11. TBI can affect …

12. Dementia is …

Упр. 5. Послушайте диалог и поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в нужном времени.

Nurse 1 How's Mr Rigg?

Nurse 2 If his operation goes ¹ (go) well tomorrow, he ' ll make ² (make) a full and speedy recovery.

Nurse 1 It's a straightforward procedure, isn't it?

Nurse 2 Yes, he's having a haematoma evacuated from his skull. He________³ (be) home by the weekend, unless something unexpected
______⁴ (happen).

Nurse 1 We spend too much time treating cyclists. There _____⁵ (not be) so many accidents if they _____⁶ (have) more cycle paths.

Nurse 2 And if cycle helmets _______⁷ (be) compulsory, there ____⁸ (be) fewer brain injuries.

Nurse 1 Yes. This patient was lucky. At least he ______ ⁹ (wear) a helmet when he next ________ ¹⁰ (ride) his bike.

Упр. 6. Ответьте на вопрос.

What reasons can you think of to explain these statistics?

70-88% of all people that sustain a head injury are male. 10-19% are aged 65 or older. 40-50% are children.

Поиск по сайту: