LESSON 6. TEACHING ABOUT BLOOD GROUPS AND RHESUS-FACTOR (RH-FACTOR) TYPING

LESSON 1. ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS. SCRUBBING AND THE PREPARATION OF AN OPERATIVE FIELD. STERILIZATION OF SURGICAL GRABS AND DRESSINGS

1. What does Asepsis and Antisepsis mean?

2. The source and the types of a surgical infection. The methods of fighting with.

3. The modern chemical agents for sterilization.

4. How to behave at the hospital. Rules for medical form. Personal’s clothes and hairs as a source of nosocomial infection.

5. The requirements for the different kinds of dressing (bandaging material).

6. Kinds of surgical garb. The preparation for sterilization.

7. What main parts does autoclave include? Modes of sterilization.

Control of sterility. Quality autoclaving control.

8. The ways of scrubbing before operation.

9. Cleaning the operative field.

LESSON 2. ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS. STERILIZATION OF SURGICAL APPLIANCES AND SUTURE MATERIAL

1. What does Asepsis and Antisepsis mean?

1. The classification of surgical appliances.
2. The presterilizing processing.

4. Sterilization of

- metal appliances;

- optical instruments, rubber and synthetic materials;

- instruments after its contamination of clostridial anaerobic infection;

- narcosis apparatus and respiratory tube.

Control of sterility.

1. The main requirements for suturing materials.

LESSON 3. HEMORRHAGE

1. The term of hemorrhage. Classification.

2. General and local symptoms of bleeding. Clinical pictures of arterial, venous, capillary, parenchymal bleeding. Features of concealed and internal hemorrhage.

3. What any ways are in a human body that start to work when it’s bleeding.

4. The severity of blood loss.

5. Clinics of acute post-hemorragic anemia.

6. Steps in helping patient who has hemorrhage. Methods of temporary and final hemostasis.

7. The treatment after hemorrhage (volume replacement, anemia correction, recovery of renal function).

LESSON 4. LOCAL ANESTHESIA

1. Advantages and disadvantages of local anesthesia.

2. Types of local anesthesia. The term of premedication. Local anesthetic agents.

3. Anatomy of the spinal canal.

4. The excellence of Vishnevskiy's block, possible complications.

5. Novocaine blocks.

6. Advantages and disadvantages of procaine lumbar block.

7. Intravenous and intraosseous technique of anesthesia.

LESSON 5. NARCOSIS

1. Types of general anesthesia. Narcotic analgesics, medicines for inhalation and intravenous narcosis.

2. Stage of ether anesthesia.

3. Gas anesthesia machine. The necessary tools for narcosis.

4. The preparation of patient for anesthesia.

5. Muscle relaxantion.

6. How to determ an adequacy of anesthesia.

7. The indications for endotracheal anesthesia with artificial pulmonary ventilation.

8. Aim of initial narcosis.

9. Sings of heart arrest and respiratory standstill.

LESSON 6. TEACHING ABOUT BLOOD GROUPS AND RHESUS-FACTOR (RH-FACTOR) TYPING

The concept of antibodies and antigens. Agglutinogen’s properties.

Blood groups of ABO system.

The value of A-1 and A-2 subgroups.

Blood grouping by standart serums and monoclonal antibodies.

What mistakes can appear while determining of I, II blood group? Rules for AB(IV) blood group setting.

The compatibility of blood groups. Ottenberg’s law. Compatibility tests.

The terms of universal donor/recipient, dangerous donor/recipient.

Wiener’s and Fisher-Race nomenclature of Rh-factors. What does «Rhesus-immunization», «rhesus-sensitization» mean? How to define rhesus affiliation of donor and recipient. Rh-compatibility tests.

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