B. take, run

1. You can stay with me tonight, then tomorrow I’m taking you to my doctor. 2. I’ll take what you say as a compliment. 3. It takes two to make a fight and both of the girls were punished. 4. I didn’t want to seem inquisitive, so was careful not to ask him what took him there. 5. Take time to choose your business partners carefully. 6. Big utilities are taking the wave-energy seriously. 7. A wave generator known as Aqua buoy, designed by a Canadian firm, takes a different approach. 8. The saltier the water the higher pressure it takes to push water through a membrane in order to leave behind the salt. 9. In a limited and very specified field the Richards broth­ers bad managed to run a thriving little concern. 10. Mrs. Beavers remains in the area and continues to run the corner post-office. 11. He can’t help today. He’s running a road-safety campaign in the schools. 12. One recently built desalination plant in Perth, Australia, runs on renewable energy from a nearby wind farm. 13. Mrs. Clinton may find it more attractive to run for the governorship of New York. 14. Each Macintosh PC lets you run more than 4,000 pro­grams that all work in the same consistent way. 15. The opposition refuses to participate in more talks and asks for the appointment of a broader team. But time is running short. 16. Paleontology is much like politics: passions run high, and it’s easy to draw very different conclusions from the same set of facts. 17. Unemployment remains the single biggest blot on the economy landscape: it still runs at 10 %. 18. The road to the American presidency is long and hard. Someone embarking on it is well advised to run as himself and not invent a new personality for the purpose.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences with particular attention to the way noun with extensive meaning thing should be rendered into Ukrainian employing specification.

1. A poor thing – a wretched poor thing! 2. The general opinion is that things are looking good for Mr. Turner’s rival. 3. She let herself out of the side door and turned her face to the wind. It moved softly, and it was full of the smell of growing things. 4. Florrie was occupied in washing up breakfast things. 5. His best things have been translated into more than 50 languages. 6. I haven’t a thing to wear for tonight’s party. 7. One can’t have too much of a good thing. 8. I’ll talk to the headmaster first thing in the morning. 9. I like sweet things. 10. I tried to help them, but I think I just made things worse. 11. Betty realized she’d left all her painting things at home. 12. My new apartment is very small so I’ve had to leave most of my things at my parents’. 13. Things haven’t changed much since I last saw her. 14. I have always thought the Icelanders arc daring, which is why they are so good at many things. 15. As I get older I can’t really think of killing things. A few years ago I’d have trodden on a spider without a thought. 16. I watched the children edge nearer the wall. Inquisitive little things, I thought to myself. 17. It was Miss Holiday I had in mind. Poor thing! 18. I’ve got no stand­ing and couldn’t do a thing. 18. She had never done such a thing before, and she didn’t want to do it now. 19. The spiders were large, and some of them were hairy. Lucy shuddered. Things with more than four legs had that effect on her. 20. The things, which had happened there, were things she never meant to think about again. 21. If we write down every single thing that happened during the last two or three days, we may spot something that will give us a lead. 22. As you learn more programs, you tend to use your PC to do many more things. 23. I can’t stand things not being kept in their proper places. 24. When people say things behind your back there’s nothing you can refute or deny, and the rumours go on growing and growing.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences, employing generalization.

1. То each one he nodded, his usual eighth-of-an inch nod, then turned to me and demanded, “The refreshments, Archie?” 2. I didn’t sec him that evening because mother wanted me to drive down to Wiltshire with her to spend the Saturday night and Sunday with my brother. 3. Blair was determined to put every ounce of influence and political capital into one more push for a workable two-state solution. 4. She walked up the lane to the place where she had parked the Yamaha. 5. What Tale was taking wasn’t coffee. He had just grasped the bottle of Courvoisier and was about to tip a further measure into the already half-full glass. 6. The Liberal Democrats are disproportionately middle-class. Three quarters work (or before retirement worked) in a salaried occupation. Only one in twenty is working class. 7. Local resident Mark Schaffer told the BBC News that he saw the moment the Cirrus SR20 hit the ground. “I looked up when I heard a low flying plane and saw it as it crashed,” Mr. Schaffer said. 8. But particularly noticeable was the yellow and blue Swedish flag, some 9 inches by 6 inches, stitched across the main back pocket of her rucksack. 9. Even serious broadsheets have carried a story about a fly in a boxed lunch.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences employing the semantic transformations suggested in the parenthesis.

1. Already the reactionary offensive of Yankee imperialism was beginning to get the inevitable answer from the Latin America peoples (specification). 2. At seven o’clock a dull meal was served in an oakpanelled dining-room (specification). 3. I apologize for stepping on your toe (generalization). 4. Now, more than two hours later, the big jet was still stuck, its fuselage and tail blocking runaway three zero (generalization). 5. He would cheer up somehow, begin to laugh again, and draw skeletons all over his slate, before his eyes were dry (modulation). 6. Unfortunately, the ground to the right which was normally grass covered, had a drainage problem, due to be worked on when winter ended (modulation). 7. He had an old mother whom he never disobeyed (antonymous translation). 8. No person may be reinstated to a position in the post service without passing an appropriate examination (antonymous translation). 9. When she reached the house she gave another proof of her identity (explication). 10. In one of his whistle-stop speeches the Presidential nominee briefly outlined his attitude towards civil rights program (explication).

Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian employing division of the sentence.

1. For the Liberal Party to be treated as a serious organisation, there must be a great deal of money backing this remnant of a once powerful party, whose president is a director of 12 companies, some of them operating in British colonies. (Daily Worker)

2. Once more the two big parties of American capitalism have rulled off a very useful trick. They have kept the allegiance of American masses in their fold and have prevented the rise of a powerful third party. (Daily Worker)

3. A 12-men Soviet steel delegation arrived at London airport last night to start a three week visit at the invitation of the Government.

4. Britons will be among over 100 experts meeting at Luxembourg today to discuss improved mining safety.

5. Paris bakery owners yesterday called off a two-day refusal to sell bread launched as a part of a bitter struggle to starve Paris into agreeing to an increase in bread prices.

6. Polio struck Manchester again when seven new cases ended a period of two days respite in the epidemic.

7. Typhoon Freda killed seven people, injured nine and left 4,000 homeless when she swept across Northern Formosa on Sunday, according to police reports yesterday.

8. The Chartists had not planned to assemble in arms on Kensington Common. Or march thence to the Houses of Parliament.

9. It’s pretty tough to make people understand you when you’re talking to them with- two crab apples in your cheeks.

10. It was a busy night; the bar was busy, the crap table was busy, the ping-pong table was busy.

11. It was a sturdy and complex monument to his powers of determination.

12. It was truly a splendid structure, and he throbbed with a mighty sense of accomplishment each time he gazed at it and reflected that none of the work that had gone into it was his.

13. In a bed in the small private section at the end of the ward was the solemn middle-aged colonel who was visited every day by a gentle, sweet-faced woman.

14. Most Americans were either indifferent to or indignant at the purchase of Alaska from Russia by Secretary of State William Seward, and Alaska was widely referred to as “Seward’s Folly“ and «Seward’s Icebox“.

15. The heat pressed heavily on the roof, stifling sound.

16. There we are likely to see an inhospitable land of rocks and crazily precipitous crags and mountains under a big sky.

17. The tree also is sitting quietly, doing nothing; actually all parts of the cosmos are doing the same thing – being.

18. When we, human beings, can stop using language or when we can use it to cope purely and only with the present moment, we find that the quality of our living is changed.

19. Eight hundred years ago Toba, a Japanese artist, painted a long scroll with many scenes of apes and frogs and rabbits and deer frolicking; in this scroll, for example, a frog sits cross-legged in a ‘sacred’ place, as if he were the Buddha or a Buddhist abbot.

20. Many of us tend to think of life as a parade, something planned to be a triumph of artifice over nature.

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian employing division of the sentence.

1. For my part have known a five-pound note to interpose and knock up a half century’s attachment between two brothers. 2. There were a number of letters he had to write out for Mazzioli to copy up for Holmes to sign. 3. He was a very nice fellow. You had only to say you wanted something for him to give it to you. 4. Nearly 23,000 books and 56,000 newspaper and magazine articles have been written about this man and his own writings fill 100 volumes – a gigantic amount for any man to have written. 5. Mrs. Makin woke early to find two burglars carrying her TV set from her home. 6. As the youngest man in the party I volunteered to call a taxi only to find the elevator out of order. 7. The lunar highlands are believed to date back almost to the moon’s formation about 4,000 million years ago. 8. “We mean business”, said the Prime Minister in the Commons yesterday announcing new Government moves to hasten Britain into Europe. 9. It was at any rate the first possible moment to articulate and elaborate the questions with which my generation had been forced to live for the better part of its adult life. 10. To achieve such perfection will prove his extraordinary progress in fencing. 11. Parliamentary election year opens on a country which is even more divided and bitter than at any time in recent history. 12. In a city often covered by a blanket of smog, people could see what they were celebrating.

Exercise 8. Translate with special attention to division of sentences, containing nominative constructions.

1. They walked without hats for long hours in the Gardens attached to their house, books in their hands, a fox-terrier at their heels. 2. It ought to be remembered that it was not the North but the South which undertook the war, the former acting only in defence. 3. Charles Dickens was born in Landport, on the 7th February, 1812, Mr. John Dickens, his father, being a clerk in the Navy Pay Office at the seaport. 4. He had gotten the gun to firing over the horse’s back, and he fired two pans, the gun chattering, the empty shells pitching into the snow, the smell of burnt hair from the burnt hide where the muzzle rested, him firing at what came up the hill, forcing them to scatter for cover. 5. Her momentary weakness past, the child again summoned her resolution. 6 Then the bird fluttered away, running, trailing the broken wing, with him in pursuit. 7. It was a pleasant Saturday morning in the Pennines, with the sun breaking through to mingle with the mists rising from the ground. 8. With the first road in Scotland blocked by snow this season and lighting-up time brought forward, motorists had their first real taste of winter yesterday. 9. With heavy seas in the North Atlantic, fishing boats stay in harbor. 10. Ground in the Arctic is frozen to the depth of 1,000 feet or more, with only a shallow thaw in summer. 11. So with the lamps all put out, the moon sunk and a thin rain drumming on the roof, a downpouring of immense darkness began.

Exercise 9. Translate with special attention to division of sentences, containing parentheses and lapses.

1. Sometimes, when she saw him, she felt – there was no repressing it – plain irritated. 2. We were overjoyed – there was about a week to go – until we saw the premises. Our faces fell, our hearts sank. 3. Britain’s financial problems will be magnified – if not caused – by trying to run a world currency. 4. In his message on Thursday – the most recent of many unheeded urgings for stricter gun laws – the President pointed out that in England there were only 30 gun murders a year. 5. Few Northerners could stomach any strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Act, the most bitterly hated measure – and until Prohibition, the most flagrantly disobeyed – ever passed by Congress. 6. Few, if any, organized attempts have been made to study hailstorms. 7. If anything, the membership in Congress ought to be reduced to four hundred or less. 8. It was a situation of delicacy to be tactfully approached – if at all. 9. “I’m going out. I’ve got to be free of this house for a while. Don’t expect me till to-morrow – if then”. 10. “Gold and World Power” is a clear, if somewhat repetitive, tract on the problems of the two reserve currencies

Exercise 10. Translate paying special attention to division of the sentences as a translation device.

1. She broke off under the strain of her illiteracy and an overloaded stomach. 2. After 70 years with an almost unchanged corporate structure among the major companies, the industry has seen four major transactions. 3. They refuse to accept their own responsibility for increasing costs to the quality of life. 4. In a complex world, the companies that thrive will be those who look for new approaches. 5. The general is a good man to keep away from. 6. The Chinese adjusted the use of some of the coal-fired plants around Beijing. 7. Some believe that business has ability and responsibility to find answers. 8. Tonight the sight of stunned families squatting in the street with a few meager possessions around them is a frequent one in many suburbs. 9. In his message on Thursday – the most recent of many unheeded urgings for stricter gun laws – the President pointed out that in England there were only 30 gun murders a year.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences, applying conflation as a translation device.

1. She wanted the three Indian jugglers arrested immediately; for they knew who was coming from London and meant some harm to Mr. Franklin Blake. 2. Yet, at the moment consumers and government seem to be in denial. They refuse to accept their own responsibility. 3. Demand for oil is 12 percent higher than it was a decade ago. Gas demand is 30 percent higher. 4. His natural aptitude for native languages induced him to study African tongues and dialects and it was not many years before he was appointed to the Chair of Asiatic and African Languages which he now occupied. 5. They refuse to accept their own responsibility for increasing costs to the quality of life which are imposed when we all demand more. 6. The United States entered the war April 16, 1917, two-and-one-half years after the hostilities began. 7. He has shown that he has all the human feelings of one of the computers put out by the International Business Machine Corp. 8. I disagree with those in our industry who believe that the only answer to climate change and global warming is to question the science. 9. Because our business is growing rapidly, this is a reduction of more than 40 percent from the level we would have reached if we took no action at all. 10. Companies exist only because someone wants to buy what they produce.

Exercise 12. Translate the text, employing division and conflation as translation devices.

WILL AMERICAN DEMOCRACY ENDURE?

Albert Einstein, summarizing the condition of our land and the world in 1939, says: “The production and distribution of commodities is entirely unorganized so that everyone must live in fear of being eliminated from the economic cycle, in this way suffering from want of everything”. But take no notice of him – the man is an alien.

Verily it is. said: “Man is born free and is everywhere in chains”. And all the chains (chain hotels, chain drugstores, chain oil stations, chain radio stations, chain bakeries, chain barber shops, chain movie theatres, chain newspapers, etc.) howling in chorus that “the American way” is for the government to stop interfering with them, so that – there can be no other motive – they can still further enslave the slaves.

Do not be deceived by the specious arguments offered by newspapers and magazines which are themselves a branch of the corporative interests. In the same year as the Declaration of Independence was accepted Adam Smith wrote: “Civil government is maintained for the defense of the rich against the poor”. That is just as essentially true for America as for any oilier country under this system, all the cant about “the American way” to the contrary notwithstanding: except that now the owners of our corporations are not content with a mere five hundred slaves. They require and have thousands each, even though they know not who or where they are. Indeed, since the First World War our great fortunes have doubled and redoubled until those with an income of one million or more a year make a large directory.

Is that the “American way” to mortgage the lives of American boys for the sake of extra billions from Europe and South America and the Far East when we are not making use of half what the good Lord gave us right here at home? Is following England on the path of world imperialism the American way?

What is American about the insane scramble of the old imperialists to become a World Power? Who wants to be a World Power? What ordinary, normal American?

Being a world power has done nothing for the people of England. See how they live now. See how little they have of material things, how little democracy.

The world power business is an obsession. For world power means millions bowing down to you. It means dictatorship in your subject countries and leads by quick stages to dictatorship at home. It means competition in armaments building and that means war. Armaments have never yet been built to rust in storerooms and never will be. Every wise man drew that conclusion from the First World War. Lord Grey of Fallodon, British Foreign Secretary from 1905 to 1915, wrote: “Great armaments lead inevitably to war. If there are armaments on one side, there must be armaments on other sides... The increase of armaments that is intended in each nation to produce consciousness of strength and a sense of security, docs not produce these effects. On the contrary, it produces a consciousness of the strength of other nations and a sense of fear. Tear begets suspicion and distrust and evil imaginings of all sorts”.

A commonplace in the years following 1918. Forgotten now in the hysteria and panic of a new armaments race resulting from nothing but the interimperialist dog-fight to redivide the world. (Th. Dreiser America Is Worth Saving)

Exercise 13. Translate the text, employing adding and omission as translation devices.

1. The introduction of automatic controls will make it possible to control the output of lighting systems and reach the level of light required in the office.

2. We are looking for preliminary information only and would like you to send us details of your range.

3. Can I be of any assistance to you?

4. I’d much appreciate the opportunity to call on you in person and discuss your further requirements with you and with your consultant if he/she is available.

5. Protective relays are coordinated to isolate equipment near the part, experiencing abnormal voltages or currents.

6. The fuel-air mixture is burned and the products of combustion are rejected to the surroundings.

7. After being pumped through a diverter or priority valve, water circulates around.

8. Large portable generators can provide emergency power to hospitals and factories.

9. An experimental power station in the open sea will harvest not only large waves, but also waves from any direction.

10. Quality of input materials and process of production must be maintained at desired levels to achieve specified output quality.

11. To improve worker involvement, management uses different methods: installs “ideas boxes”, in which employees can insert their ideas written on pieces of paper; sets up “quality circles”; informs workers of all important decisions in a monthly newsletter.

12. The experiment was not carried out until the precisely required conditions had been created in the lab.

Exercise 14. Translate the text, employing adding and omission as translation devices.

1. According to the energy specialist, the plant can reduce energy consumption with considerable savings in costs.

2. The tracking collectors are controlled to follow the sun throughout the day.

3. Flat-plate collectors may be used for water heating and most space-heating applications.

4. The total capacity of the electricity generating plants remains constant.

5. With the rate of inflation that year, many users took steps to reduce their electricity consumption.

6. The most extensively used fuels are coal, natural gas and heavy fuel oil.

7. The use of additional generating facilities is justified.

8. Gas turbine and diesel generators offer extremely flexible generation, though are used only to provide a small amount of energy.

Exercise 15. Translate the text, employing adding and omission as translation devices.

1. On the advice of our consultant my company is looking for suitable replacements to our existing boilers.

2. I particularly would like to draw your attention to our Duolyt range of boilers.

3. Solar energy system collects solar radiation and converts it into useful thermal energy.

4. The collector intercepts the sun’s energy. A part of this energy is lost as it is absorbed by the cover glass or reflected back into the sky.

5. Additional generating facilities can convert surplus power into prime power during peak demand intervals.

6. During the exhaust stroke, the piston pushes out the combustion gases remaining in the cylinder.

7. Each physical quantity has only one particular unit for its measurement.

8. If the number employed with a basic unit is very small or very large, then a prefix can be used.

9. Conversion tables are necessary, because some countries still retain measurement systems different from those used by the rest of the world.

10. The cause and amount of water loss and waste are approximately known.

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