Unit 12. Stylistic Devices

1. The tool business is one of the most competitive industries in America - dog eat dog down to the puppies. 2. The Tory card-castle of illusions of the British Empire’s glorious future lay in ruins. 3. The owners of the coal mines knew which side their bread was buttered on. 4. I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss, but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for my children to lie upon. 5. No amount of eating your cake and wanting to have it could take the place of common honesty. 6. Jolyon stood a moment without speaking. Between this devil and this deep sea – the pain of a dreadful disclosure and the grief of losing his wife for two months – he secretly hoped for the devil, yet if she wished for the deep sea he must put up with it. 7. The racists in South Africa began to feel the waves of Africa liberation lapping round their ankles. 8. Father Brown seemed to take it quite naturally and even casually, that he should be called in to consider the queer conduct of one of his flock, whether she was to be regarded as a black sheep or as a lost lamb. 9. Mel, airport general manager – lean, rangy and a powerhouse of disciplined energy – was standing by the Snow Control Desk, high in the control power. 10. As his unusual emotions subsided, these misgivings gradually melted away. 11. Mr. Dombey’s cup of satisfaction was so full at this moment, however, that he felt he could afford a drop or two of its contents, even to sprinkle on the dust in the by-path of his little daughter. 12. Never before had Lucy met that negative English silence in its full perfection, in its full cruelty. Her own edges began to curl up in sympathy. 13. They passed so, that resemblance of a thrush and a hawk in terrific immobility in mid-air, this an apparition like suddenness: a soft clatter of hooves in the sore needle and were gone, the man stooping, the woman leaning forward like a tableau of flight and pursuit on a lightning bolt. 14. Mr. Dombey’s cup of satisfaction was so full at this moment, however, that he felt he could afford a drop or two of its contents, even to sprinkle on the dust in the by-path of his little daughter.

1. I passed a crocodile of choir boys, in starched collars and peculiar caps, on their way to Tom Gate. 2. All undergraduates and graduates and wives and tradespeople walked that unmistakable English church-going pace which eschewed equally both haste and idle sauntering. 3. Crisscross about the world he travelled with them, waxing in wickedness like a Hogarthian page boy. 4. She was entrancing, with that fragile beauty which in extreme youth sings out for love and withers at the first cold wind. 5. I went there full of curiosity and the faint, unrecognized apprehension that here, at last, I should find that low door in the wall, which opened on an enclosed and enchanted garden, which was somewhere, not overlooked by any window, in the heart of that grey city. 6. Long hours of work in her youth, authority in middle life, repose and security in her age, had set their stamp on her lined and serene face. 7. Here was planted the seed of what would become his life’s harvest. 8. A nightmare distorted the images of the evening into horrific shapes. 9. Everything was black and dead-still in the quadrangle; only at the quarter-hours the bells awoke and sang over the gables. 10. He could tell her nothing new of the wonders of his presentation and knighthood; and his civilities were worn out like his information.

1. There was a mile of clear road ahead, straight as a die. 2. I came into her room half an hour before the bridal dinner, and found her lying on her bed as lovely as the June night in her flowered dress – and as drunk as a monkey. 3. It had begun to rain. Umbrellas sprouted like mushrooms to right and left. 4. Here and there, among the more familiar things, plants of cactus stood up like the listening ears of strange animals. 5. All day since reading that letter there’d been a queer taste in my mouth, like copper, like blood. 6. He makes most people with so-called principles look like empty tin cans. 7. Luckily the night was mild. He won’t have caught pneumonia. Besides, he’s as strong as an ox. 8. The sanitation won’t bear looking at. In a dry summer the kids die like flies with infantile cholera. 9. All were packed, despite the elongation of the vehicle, like herrings in a tin. 10. Mary would be all right now, right as rain.

1. He took three weeks off and a ticket to Mentone. (Galsworthy) 2. The morning found her out of wool and patience. (Chesterton) 3. The Dean collected his wits and his hat. (Chesterton) 4. The close of this creation brought him and the plate to the table. (Dickens) 5. The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet, could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect. They often “came down” handsomely, and Scrooge never did. (Dickens) 6. The principal production of these towns … appear to be soldiers, sailors, Jews, chalk, shrimps, officers and dockyard men. 7. At noon Mrs. Terpin would get out of bed and humor, put on kimono, airs, and the water to boil for coffee (O’Henry) 8. Colonel Ito (who had thrown himself upon the Russian guns at the siege of Port Arthur) had been blown to pieces and into national immortality. (Michener) 9. She [Miss Bolo] went straight home in a flood of tears, and a sedan chair. (O’Brien) 10. Oh, flowers are as common here, Miss Fairfax, as people are in London. (Wilde) 11. You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit. (“Star Trek”) 12. You can leave in a taxi. If you can’t get a taxi, you can leave in a huff. If that’s too soon, you can leave in a minute and a huff. (G. Marks) 14. He said, as he hastened to put out the cat, the wine, his cigar and the lamps. 15. She lowered her standards by raising her glass, her courage, her eyes and his hopes. (“Madeira M’Dear”, Flanders and Swann) 16. Or stain her honour or her new brocade / Or lose her heart or her necklace at the ball. (Pope) 17. “In Texas discourse is seldom continuous. You may fill in a mile, a meal, a murderbetween your paragraphs without detriment to the conversation that had begun ten miles away.” (O’Henry) 18. She was seen washing clothes with industry and a cake of soap He lost his hat and his temper. The rich arrived in pairs and also in Rolls Royce.
(Belloc) 19. … whether she would break her heart, or break the looking glass; Mr.
Bounderby could not at all foresee. (Dickens)

Exercise 7. Identify repetitions in the following sentences and suggest the ways of rendering them into Ukrainian.

1. The Union ranks grow in struggle and it is in struggle that we recruit our leadership and the ranks of the best men and women of the working class. 2. Come war, come deluge, come anything and everything except the popular uprising against the scarcity-dividend system, the international machine of profit-making must pound on. 3. The wretched slaves had no knowledge, no rights, no protection against the caprices of their irresponsible masters. 4. Examination convinced him that the deacon was dead – had been dead for some time, for the limbs were rigid. 5. She did more that day than any other. For, in the morning she invariably cleared off her correspondence; after lunch she cleared off the novel or book on social questions she was reading; went to a concert clearing off a call on the way back; and on first Sundays stayed at home to clear off the friends who came to visit her.

Exercise 8. Analyze various types of alliteration in the following sentences and suggest the ways of rendering them into Ukrainian.

1. These unfortunate dry nurses of dogdom, the cur cuddlers, mongrel managers, Spitz stalkers, poodle pullers, Skye scrapers, dachshund danglers, terrier trailers and Pomeranian pushers of the cliff-hanging Circes follow their charges meekly. (O’Henry) 2. This is the shop-girl smile, and I enjoin you to shun it unless you are well fortified with callosity of the heart, caramels and a congeniality for the capers of Cupid. (O’Henry) 3. “America’s present need is not heroics but healing, not nostrums but normalcy, not revolution but restoration, not agitation but adjustment, not surgery but serenity, not the dramatic but dispassionate, not experiment but equipoise, not submergence in internationality but sustainment in triumphant nationality”. 4. I pray you let the drama halt while Chorus stalks to the footlights and drops an epicedian tear upon the fatness of Mr. Hoover. Tune the pipes to the tragedy of tallow, the bane of the bulk, the calamity of corpulence. (O’Henry) 5. Kid McGarry arose and put on his coat and hat. He was serious, shaven, sentimental, and spry. (O’Henry) 6. And yet there are people who spend hours fixing their faces – to what end? Looking handsome. Oh, what a mistake! It’s the larynx that the beauty doctors ought to work on. It’s more words than warts, talk more than talcum, palaver more than powder, blarney more than bloom that counts – the phonograph instead of the photograph. (O’Henry)

Exercise 9. Identify the cases of irony in the following sentences and suggest the ways of rendering them into Ukrainian.

1. Their only hope was that it would never stop raining, and they had no hope because they all knew it would. 2. At the end of ten days, a new group of doctors came to Yossarian with bad news: he was in perfect health and had to get out of the hospital. 3. After that, Colonel Cathcart did not trust any other colonel in the Squadron. The only good colonel, he decided, was a dead colonel, except for himself. 4. Nately had lived for almost twenty years without trauma, tension, hate, or neurosis, which was proof to Yossarian of just how crazy he really was. 5. One by one the girls were shown in. ‘Name?’ said Margot. ‘Pompilia de la Conradine.’ Margot wrote it down. ‘Real name?’ ‘Bessy Brown.’ 6. Margot and Paul went up to London to make arrangements for the wedding, which, contrary to all reasonable expectation, Margot decided was to take place in church with all the barbaric concomitants of bridesmaids, Mendelssohn and mummery. 7. Hollywood has made its business the business of half of the world. Yet the great pachyderms of the film trade have no suspicion that in most of America and in the whole of Europe the word "Hollywood" is pejorative. 8. Another new arrival that caused us a certain amount of trouble, one way or another, was Delilah. She was a large female African crested porcupine, and she arrived up at the airport in a crate that looked suitable for a couple of rhinoceros. 9. Dick Stroeve flattered himself on his skill in cooking Italian dishes, and I confess that his spaghetti were very much better than his pictures. 10. His life was a tragedy written in the terms of a knock-about farce. 11. It was the kind of the party which makes you wonder why the hostess has troubled to bid her guests, and why the guests have troubled to come. 12. I used to listen with astonishment to the stinging humour with which they would tear a brother-author to pieces the moment that his back was turned. 13. The women were too nice to be well-dressed, and too sure of their position to be amusing. 14. “Never mind,” said the stranger, cutting the address very short, “said enough – no more; smart chap that cabman – handled his fives well; but if I’d been your friend in the green jemmy – damn me – punch his head – ‘cod I would – pig’s whisper – pieman too, – no gammon.” This coherent speech was interrupted by the entrance of the Rochester coachman, to announce that... (Dickens) 15. It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one’s pocket. 16. I did not see Strickland for several weeks. I was disgusted with him, and if I had had an opportunity should have been glad to tell him so, but I saw no object in seeking him out for the purpose. 17. A photograph could not have been more exact than his pictures to look at which you would have thought that Monet, Manet, and the rest of the Impressionists had never been. 18. She was making money but she could not get over the idea that to earn her living was somewhat undignified, and she was inclined to remind you that she was a lady by birth. 19. There was about all of them an air of well-satisfied prosperity; each one talked to his neighbour, to his neighbour on the right during the soup, fish, and entree; to his neighbour on the left during the roast, sweet, and savoury. 20. Late that night Hungry Joe dreamed that Huple’s cat was sleeping on his face, suffocating him, and when he woke up, Huple’s cat was sleeping on his face. 21. It was already some time since the chaplain had first begun wondering what everything was all about. Was there a God? How could he be sure? Being an Anabaptist minister in the American Army was difficult enough.

Exercise 10. Analyze the cases of metonymy in the following sentences and suggest the ways of rendering them into Ukrainian.

1. If I’d been driving my own Thunderbird, they’d all be touching their hats. 2. The dimly lit, huge dome of St. Paul’s dominated in the rapidly darkening urban space. 3. Paul’s trial, which took place some weeks later at the Old Bailey, was a bitter disappointment to the public, the news editors and the jury. 4. On his rare visits to London he usually stayed at the Ritz. 5. A winter morning; a sombre and secluded library; the sound of London traffic; overhead, in blue and white plaster, an elegant Adam ceiling; a huge heap of glowing coal in the marble fireplace – what more is needed to complete a picture of a leisured writer embarking upon his delicate labour? 6. He wanted to write books on Art and, by and while, trotted round Europe studying the Rubenses. 7. Professor Franks, who was here last week, said it was recognized as the finest piece of domestic Tudor in England. 8. I had to disillusion him as to the lengths to which the literary London will go in pursuing me for my “ungainly” book. 9. I have tried my best, but I may have exaggerated, especially in the attempts to transcribe my persecutor’s dialogue. 10. What I like most about England is the civilized quality of living there, the comfort and convenience of the public transport, the English pubs, and the milk and the newspapers delivered to your door. I still remember roast Angus, and a wine bar in the Strand where we used to go every Wednesday to eat Stilton. There are values which must be preserved if England becomes continental – and this is quite likely, when we get our cooking from Paris, our politics from Moscow, and our morals from Cairo. As soon as we stop to cite John Ruskin, to tune Lennon and McCartney, to role-play Shakespeare and to trust in Time, we are the lost nation on the way to nowhere. 11. It is the Elysee which exercises control over the interministrial committee for Europe. (T.) 12. As the two miles of pompous grief passed through the streets of London, every citizen stood at his doorway holding a lighted taper. (Morton) 13. His last conscious vision was that of Carl waving a despairing handkerchief. 14. Miss Fox’s hand trembled she slipped it through Mr. Dombey’s arm, and felt herself escorted up the steps, preceded by a cocked hat and a Babylonian collar. (Dickens) 15. The flood has hurt us a great deal", the Pakistan Prime Minister told the correspondents last week as he toured the destruction in the flooded provinces. (N.) 16. The unfinished Murder at Mountrichard Castle lay on the chest of drawers in my club bedroom, reproaching me morning, evening and night. 17. He wanted to talk only about Internal Combustion, its characters and scenic perspectives. 18. He used to belong to the Wimpole, with its porters, waiters, and the best wine in London.

Exercise 11. Give the standard form of each of the proverbs in the sentences below going by the allusions given in bold type. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. “But isn’t there anything to be done about it?” she asked. Dr. Crowther shook his head, briskly, but only once each way. He did not speak. A foot pound saved is a foot pound gained. (Huxley) 2. “But we live and learn. ” “Ay, ay, Colonel, and very often we live and don’t learn, but we shall certainly all die and learn. ” (Mackenzie) 3. “Did you go as far as to choose the gentleman or did you merely throw out a general idea?” – “If one wants a thing done in a hurry one must see to it oneself”. (Munro) 4. “Does that apply only to men?” “If you insist I’ll admit that what is sauce for the gander is sauce for the goose. The only thing to be said against it is that with a man a passing connection of that sort has no emotional significance, while with a woman it has.” (Maugham) 5. “I think maybe I can deaden the blow.” “What blow?” “The blow when Fanny Butcher writes in the Trib something such as ‘like father, un-like son’. When some big shot in New York writes, ‘It is unfortunate that talent, like blue eyes, will sometimes skip a generation …’ And they’ll be absolutely right, Allie. It’s a rotten book.” (Dennis) 6. “Nephew”, said the old man. “You have been a dutiful son, I hear.” “Ecod!” said Jonas. “I’ve been as good a son as ever you were a brother. It’s the pot and the kettle, if you come to that.” (Dickens) 7. “No, what you suggest, I couldn’t possibly have done. I have my honour as a detective to think of. The honour it is a very serious thing.” “Well, I suppose it takes all kinds of honour to make a world. ” (Christie) 8. “The thing’s got to be faced; it’s not a human nature for a sleeping dog like that to be allowed to lie. I don’t care about young Desert” – “I do”, said Michael. “It’s Dinny I’m thinking of”. (Galsworthy) 9. “Well, what are you interested in!” “Money!” “Aha! What’s bred in the bone, eh? get something of it from your father, eh? Well, that’s a good trait.” (Dreiser) 10. “You can’t be serious!” cried Barbara, getting her voice back. “You’re good, Manuela, you’re kind. You wouldn’t punish a girl for what her parents may have done.” Stonily Manuela shrugged. “ Bad trees have bad fruit. That ‘Nita, she looks like her mother. I think she is like her too.” (Williams) 11. “You wouldn’t have had me advertize the fact that I improved upon the bank’s regulations, would you?” “So that cloud rolled o’er, and by Jove it was a cloud with a golden lining! Not silver – real good Australian gold!” (Hornung) 12. … there were things in Bernard which he hated. This boasting, for example. And the outbursts of an abject self-pity with which it alternated. And his deplorable habit of being bold after the event. (Huxley) 13. A great many things in this universe are rather depressing. Others, fortunately, are not. What we lose on the swings of pain, pointlessness, and evil, we gain on a variety of aesthetic, sen­suous, intellectual, and moral roundabouts. (Huxley)

Exercise 12. Give the standard form of each of the proverbs in the sentences below going by the allusions given in bold type. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Before Poirot could answer, the door opened and Hawker and Sheila Grant came in.They were in hunting kit and Sheila had a streak of mud on her cheek. “Hullo”, people, we’ve come in for a drink. Tony’s flask is dry.” Poirot murmured: “ Talk of the angels –” Pam Grant snapped: “ Devils, you mean. ” (Christie) 2. But it is a truism that the poetry can reflect coming events – and the most momentous coming events were acts of violence. (Plomer) 3. He got in, slammed the door and started up the engine. In a moment the Volkswagen was on its way, across the piazza de Duca Carlo and out of sight. Out of my life as well. (du Maurier) 4. I am just as madly in love with you as I was when I asked you to marry me fifteen years ago. I think I shall remain in love with you all my life. I’m too old a dog to learn new tricks. (Maugham) 5. I, too, looked round. “ If those walls could speak,” I murmured. Poirot shook his head. “A tongue is not enough,” he said. “ They would have to have also eyes and ears. But do not be too sure that these dead things... are always dumb. To me they speak sometimes – chairs, tables – they have their message!” (Christie) 6. In my opinion, in nine cases out of ten, cure is better than prevention … By looking forward to all possible evils, we waste the strength that had best be concentrated in curing the one evil which happens. (Lewis) 7. It wasn’t right to mistrust her just because she had the upper hand for a change. I shouldn’t have done it, Millie thought, snaking her head. Two wrongs don’t make nothing but two wrongs. We all got our problems. We should be helping each other when we can. (Telfer) 8. Jack: The Divorce Court was specially invented for people whose memories are so curiously constructed. Algernon: Oh, there is no use speculating on that subject. Divorces are made in heaven. (Wilde) 9. Never before had he been in one of those kitchens, where many cooks prepare, and sometimes spoil the theatrical broth. Consequently, the chaos seemed to him unique. (Wodehouse) 10. Possibly there were some other, more distantly related Comstocks, for Gran’pa Comstock had been one of a family of twelve. But if any survived they had grown rich and lost touch with their poor relations; for money is thicker than water. (Orwell) 11. Remember the old boy who said manners make the man? Well, that’s changed now. Tailors make men in any image they want. (Steinbeck) 12. Scott. Well, you won’t mind what he’s said in anger. He’ll be sorry for it when he’s calmed down a bit. Andrew (in a dead voice). You don’t know him. (Defiantly) What’s said is said and can’t be unsaid, and I’ve chosen … (O’Neill) 13. She absorbed his thanks passionately; he was a gentleman. Her soft closing of the door seemed to indicate that, in her eyes at any rate, one swallow made a whole summer. (Greene)

Exercise 13. Give the standard form of each of the proverbs in the sentences below going by the allusions given in bold type. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. She sat up and winced, a sharp pain stabbing in her right hand. “I’ll just clean my desk out today … no sense dragging it out any further. It makes me sick … this is how they treat you after working for them all your life …” She went into the kitchen and ran some water for her tea. She turned on the hot water but only cold water came out. She waited, thinking it would turn warm in a moment, but it didn’t. “ When it rains, it pours,” she thought. (Maitland) 2. She was drowning; Theobald might be only a straw, but she could catch at him, and catch at him she according did. (Butler) 3. She was unspeakably grateful to the Duchess, who had forewarned her, and to some extent, forearmed her. She wondered whether her own decision «not to be wifely and solicitous» had been a wise one. (Sayers) 4. That so good, so homely, and so secret an eating place should be almost within arm’s length of Picadilly Circus, and as good as invisible, gave meals there almost the sweet taste of stolen fruit. (Plomer) 5. The conservationists try to get the industry to realize that grime does not pay. 6. The dear old lady is always ailing, more or less, but there is never much the matter – a creaking door, you know the sort; only Neville always makes the worst of it. (Carey) 7. The first is what I may call the Doctrine of Cosmic Pointlessness. “There is no point. Life and Love are life and love, a bunch of violets is a bunch of violets, and to drag in the idea of a point is to ruin everything. Live and let live, love and let love, flower and fade, and follow the natural curve, which flows on, pointless.” (Lawrence) 8. There was a softness in Roy’s voice such as I imagined he would use if he were telling a prospective father that his wife was about to gratify his wishes. It cut no ice with me. “Come off it, Roy,” I said. “ I’m too old a bird to be caught with chaff. Spit it out.” (Maugham) 9. Ursula was such an insufferable outsider, rushing in where angels would fear to tread. But then – fools must be suffered, if not gladly. (Lawrence) 10. We think that if we make the wheels go round fast enough mankind is bound to rise on the wings of wealth. Look after the body, we say, and the spirit will look after itself. Whether we save a greater proportion of our bodies than the ancients did of souls is the question; but no such trifling doubt shakes our belief in Progress. (Galsworthy) 11. Yet Lewis, like every other author, needs praise, lashings of praise. He hungers and thirsts for it. Because he sees all sorts of other men scratching each other’s backs and rolling each other’s logs, he shouts in holy horror at the spectacle. However, he is so much concerned with himself that it never occurs to him to hand the same gross flattery to any friend; and so he re­mains a lonely figure in the little Cafe Royal, Chelsea. (Swinnerton) 12. You’re a queer bird, Brande. I’ve often heard about you. You’re a byword in the service. But you have to be seen to be believed. I ought to report you, of course. But I won’t. Go back to San Jorge. And for God’s sake try to be a human being. (Croniri)

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