Unit 1. Functional Translation of Stylistic Devices

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

The scientist who gained world wide publicity for his plan to implant a tracking device in a schoolgirl’s arm in the wake of the Soham killings has admitted he has not tried the technology and cannot guarantee it works. Other experts in mobile telecommunication do not believe any such tracking device exists. Worldwide headlines last week trumpeted cybernetics professor Kevin Warwick’s announcement that he was poised to implant a microchip in the arm of 11-year-old Danielle Duval. Details were sketchy, but Warwick said the chip would let parents track a child even if he or she had been abducted. He conceded yesterday, however, that he does not have ethical approval to proceed, but denied that the announcement was a publicity stunt.

Earlier this year Warwick implanted a sensor array in his arm to record and transmit signals from his nerves. Now he wants to fit a tracker implant to Danielle, implanting it in her arm or her stomach. Warwick suggested there were several options, including the mobile phone network and the global positioning system (GPS), for locating the position of the girl.

The story was enthusiastically reported around the world. Skeptics, however, have queried whether the technology exists to miniaturize the transmitter while giving it enough power to work with the mobile phone or GPS.

Exercise 2. Translate into your native tongue. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

Dear Mr. Jay,

Thank you for your enquiry of 15 June. We will be able to send your consignment to Riyadh within two days of your delivering it to Heathrow. The cost of freight Heathrow/Riyadh is Ј3.60 per kilo, plus Ј1.50 air waybill, and Ј14.00 customs clearance and handling charges. But you will have to arrange your own insurance. There are three flights a week from London to Saudi Arabia, Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.

Please fill in the enclosed Despatch Form and return it to us with the consignment and commercial invoices, one of which should be included in the parcel for customs inspection.

Yours sincerely,

R Laden

Cargo Manager

Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of each text as for its functional style.

Dear Sirs,

The above consignment was delivered to our premises, at the above address, on September 6. It consisted of eight boxes of records and cassettes, three of which were badly damaged. We have contacted our suppliers, and they inform us that when the goods were deposited at your depot, they were in perfect condition. Therefore we assume that damage occurred while the consignment was in your care.

The boxes were marked FRAGILE and KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, but because of the nature of the damage to the goods (CDs warped, cassette cases split), the consignment appears to have been roughly handled and left near a heater. We estimate the loss on invoice value to be F 6,720, and as the goods were sent “carrier’s risk” we are claiming compensation for that amount.

You will find a copy of the consignment note and invoice enclosed, and we will hold the boxes for your inspection.

Yours faithfully,

P.Gerard

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

GaN metal-semiconductor-metal photoconductive detectors have been fabricated on Si(111) substrates. The GaN epitaxial layers were grown on Si substrates by means of metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition. These detectors exhibited a sharp cutoff at the wavelength of 363 nm and a high responsivity at a wavelength from 360 to 250 nm. A maximum responsivity of 6.9 A/W was achieved at 357 nm with a 5 V bias. The relationship between the responsivity and the bias voltage was measured. The responsivity saturated when the bias voltage reached 5 V. The response time of 4.8 ms was determined by the measurements of photocurrent versus modulation frequency.

Gallium nitride (GaN) has been considered to be one of the most promising materials for the fabrication of high-responsivity and visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) detectors due to its unique properties, such as direct- and wide-band-gap and high-saturation electron drift velocity (3 X 107 cm/s). Recently, because of the impressive progress in growth techniques, GaN films grown on Si substrates have become of great interest for their low cost and large size. In addition, it is much easier to remove the Si substrate than the sapphire one. The applications of GaN films grown on Si substrates are more attractive. GaN films on Si substrates are expected to be excellent candidates for the integration of GaN-based optoelectronic devices with Si-based electronic technology; however, there are still many difficulties in growing high-quality GaN films on Si substrates due to the large lattice mismatch and thermal mismatch between GaN and Si. The progress of fabricating GaN devices on Si substrates has been impeded.

Exercise 5. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

There are several engine types which are identified by the number of cylinders and the way the cylinders are laid out. Motor vehicles will have from 3 to 12 cylinders that are arranged in the engine block in several configurations. In-line engines have their cylinders arranged in a row. 3, 4, 5 and 6 cylinder engines commonly use this arrangement. The “V” arrangement uses two banks of cylinders side-by-side and is commonly used in V-6, V-8, V-10 and V-12 configurations. Flat engines use two opposing banks of cylinders and are less common than the other two designs. They are used in Subaru's and Porsches in 4 and 6 cylinder arrangements as well as in the old VW beetles with 4 cylinders. Flat engines are also used in some Ferrari's with 12 cylinders.

Exercise 6. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

Each cylinder contains a piston that travels up and down inside the cylinder bore. All the pistons in the engine are connected through individual connecting rods to a common crankshaft. The crankshaft is located below the cylinders on an in-line engine, at the base of the V on a V-type engine and between the cylinder banks on a flat engine. As the pistons move up and down, they turn the crankshaft just like your legs pump up and down to turn the crank that is connected to the pedals of a bicycle. A cylinder head is bolted to the top of each bank of cylinders to seal the individual cylinders and contain the combustion process that takes place inside the cylinder. The cylinder head contains at least one intake valve and one exhaust valve for each cylinder. This allows the air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder and the burned exhaust gas to exit the cylinder. Most engines have two valves per cylinder, one intake valve and one exhaust valve. Some newer engines are using multiple intake and exhaust valves per cylinder for increased engine power and efficiency. These engines are sometimes named for the number of valves that they have such as “24 Valve V6” which indicates a V-6 engine with four valves per cylinder.

Exercise 7. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

Mr. Bennet’s property consisted almost entirely in an estate of two thousand a year, which, unfortunately for his daughters, was entitled in default of heirs male, on distant relation; and their mother’s fortune, though ample for her situation in life, could but ill supply the deficiency of his. Her father had been an attorney in Meryton, and had left her four thousand pounds.

She had a sister married to a Mr. Philips, who had been a clerk to their father, and succeeded him in the business, and a brother settled in London in a respectable line of trade.

The village of Longbourn was only one mile from Meryton; a most convenient distance for the young ladies, who were usually tempted thither three or four times a week to pay their duty to theit aunt and to a milliner’s shop just over the way. The two youngest of the family, Catherine and Lydia, were particularly frequent in these attentions; theit minds were more vacant than their sisters’, and when nothing better offered, a walk to Meryton was necessary to amuse their morning hours and furnish conversation for the evening; and however bare of news the country in general might be, they always contrived to learn some from their aunt. At present, indeed, they were well supplied both with news and happiness by the recent arrival of a militia regiment in the neighbor; it was to remain the whole winter, and Meryton was the headquarters. (Austin)

Exercise 8. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

Renton could not make eye contact with Spud, standing next to him in the pew, as nervous laughter gripped him. Matty was the shitest guitarest he’d known, and could only play the Doors’ “Roadhouse Blues” and a few Clash and Status Quo numbers with any sort of proficiency. He tried hard to do the riff from “Clash City Rockers”, but could never quite master it. Nonetheless, Matty loved that Fender Strat. It was the last thing he sold, holding onto it after the amplifier had been flogged off in order to fill his veins with shite. Perr Matty, Renton thought. How well did any of us really know him? How well can anybody really know anybody else?

Stevie was wishing he was four hundred miles away, in his Holloway flat with Stella. It was the first time they’d been apart since they moved in together. He was ill at ease. Try as he might, he could not sustain the image of Matty in his head. Matty kept turning into Stella.

Spud thought that it must be really crap to live in Australia. The heat, the insects, and all these dull suburban places that you see onNeighbours and Home and Away. It seemed like there were no real pubs in Australia, and that the place was like a warm version of Baberton Mains, Buckstone or East Craigs. It just seemed so boring, so shite. He wondered what it was like in the older parts of Melbourne and Sydney and whether they had tenements there, like in Edinburgh, or Glasgow or even New York, and if so, why he thought of Australia in connection with Matty. Probably because whenever they called round, he was lying junked on his mattress, watching an Aussie soap opera. (Welsh)

Exercise 9. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the special features of the text as for its functional style.

Brian went to Merton. “Grandad?”

“What’s up, Nimrod?”

“What meks lightnin’ an’ thunder?”

“Nay, I don’t know.” Merton was puzzled, forced to give something thought that he had taken for granted these last sixty years. Then his stern face changed to mischief and emlightenment. “It’s like this,” he said, leaning forward: “as far as I can mek out, God asks Sent Paul to get ‘im a load o’ coal up from’t pit in ‘ell, an’ Paul gets wagons loaded up wi’ some o’ the best. Then ‘e ‘itches up ponies and trundles it up to ‘eaven where God is. Well,” his eyes flashed with inspiration, “when Paul unloads the coal it meks a noise, an’ that’s when it thunders.” (Sillitoe)

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