The Study of Meaning The Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary

22. Find the word with the grammatical meaning of singularity (noun):

a) He works well;

b) His work is done well;

c) His works are known everywhere;

d) They work at a big plant.

23. Find the word with the grammatical meaning of plurality (noun);

a) All his answers were correct;

b) He answers well;

c) If you are not sure, don't answer this question;

d) Your answer is wrong.

24. Find the word in which the emotive charge is heavier:

a) large;

b) big;

c) tremendous;

d) vast.

25. Find the word which is colloquial in style:

a) parent;

b) father;

c) dad;

d) ancestor.

26. Find the word which is bookish in style:

a) darkness;

b) harmony;

c) foolish;

d) glad.

27. Find a non-literary word (slang):

a) wife;

b) sister;

c) missus;

d) mother.

28. Find a non-literary word (professionalism):

a) a shop;

b) a lab;

c) a store;

d) a barn.

29. Find a non-literary word or expression (vulgarism):

a) bad;

b) negative;

c) awful;

d) bloody.

30. Find the word which is motivated morphologically:

a) father;

b) singer;

c) aunt;

d) niece.

31. Find the word which is completely motivated morphologically:

a) long;

b) endless;

c) big;

d) large.

32. Find the word which is partially motivated morphologically:

a) cherry;

b) apple;

c) plum;

d) cranberry.

33. Find the word which is motivated phonetically:

a) hiss;

b) book;

c) table;

d) chair.

34. Find an example of a dead metaphor:

a) cold reason;

b) cruel heat;

c) the flower of his life;

d) the hand of the watch.

35. Find an example of a personal metaphor:

a) She is like a snake in the grass;

b) He bought a head of cabbage;

c) The moon is riding in the sky;

d) The moon is like a silver coin.

36. ind an example of zoosemy (nicknaming from animals):

a) Don't you be a dog in the manger;

b) She is always as busy as a bee;

c) He is as strong as an elephant;

d) Rise like lions after slumber".

37. Find an example of metonymy:

a) He had only a few coppers in his pocket;

b) We got to the mouth of the river;

c) He was a lion in the fight;

d) The valey was silent.

38. Find the case of synecdoche (a type of metonymy consisting in the substitution of the name of the whole by the name of some of its parts or vice versa):

a) Everything smiled at him;

b) All hands aboard!

c) The childhood of the earth;

d) The leg of the table was broken.

39. What result of the change of meaning can be found in the examples below: l) extension (generalization) of meaning; 2) narrowing (specialization) of meaning; 3) pejorative development (degradation of meaning); 4) ameliorative development (elevation of meaning):

a) She has always been a good wife to him;

b) Have you looked through the journals which were got yesterday?

c) We must write to the minister about it;

d) don't like her Her manners are vulgar;

e) The office was in the busiest part of London, in the City;

f) The hunter walked along the path, the hound running after him;

g) Our target is building civil society;

h) "Do you hear the villain," — groaned the tall young man;

40. Find a monosemantic word:

a) table;

b) hydrogen;

c) head;

d) country.

41. Find the case where diachronically we have not polysemantic words but homonyms:

a) table (стол) — table (таблица);

b) pipe (труба) — pipe (курительная трубка);

c) tube (труба) — tube (метро);

d) ear (колос) — ear (ухо).

42. Which is the most frequent meaning of the polysemantic word "hand"?

a) factory or dockyard worker;

b) the pointer of a watch;

c) side or direction;

d) part of the human arm beyond the wrist.

43. In which of the word-groups the lexical context is of primary importance to determine the meaning of a polysemantic word?

a) heavy storm;

b) to make a good teacher;

c) to make everybody laugh;

d) to get to the place.

44. In which of the word-groups the grammatical context is of primary importance to determine the meaning of a polysemantic word?

a) heavy artillery;

b) to make somebody work;

c) handsome reward;

d) to take the tram.

45. Find an example of full lexical homonyms:

a) lead (вести) — lead (свинец);

b) ball (мяч)— ball (бал);

c) rose (роза) — rose (past tense from to rise);

d) flat (плоский) — flat (квартира).

46. Find an example of partial lexical homonyms:

a) match (матч) —match (спичка);

b) seal (тюлень) —seal (печать);

c) to lie (лежать) — to lie (лгать);

d) coarse (грубый) — course (курс).

47. Find an example of full lexico-grammatical homonyms:

a) club (n) — to club (v);

b) pail (n) — pale (adj);

c) since (prep) — since (conj);

d) to lie (лежать) — to lie (лгать).

48. Find an example of partial lexico-grammatical homonyms:

a) for (prep) — for (conj);

b) sun (n) — son (n);

c) bow (лук) — bow (поклон);

d) seal (тюлень) — to seal (запечатать).

49. Find an example of partial grammatical homonyms:

a) brothers (pi) — brother's (poss case);

b) fast (adj) — fast (adv);

c) hammer (n) — hammer (v);

d) bear (n)— bear (v).

50. Find an example of homographs:

a) bow (поклон) — bow (лук);

b) right (правый) — write (писать);

c) ring (кольцо) — ring (телефонный вызов);

d) to found (основывать) — found (past tense from to find).

51. Find an example of homophones:

a) lead (свинец) — lead (вести);

b) can (мочь) — can (консервировать);

c) long (длинный) — long (ждать);

d) meat (мясо) — meet (встречать).

52. Find an example of perfect homonyms:

a) nose (нос) — knows (3 person sing, of to know);

b) pair (пара) — pear (груша);

c) case (дело, случай) — case (коробка);

d) row (ряд) — row (шум, гвалт).

53. Find the homonyms which appeared due to the process of divergent meaning development (split polysemy):

a) see (видеть) — sea (море);

b) flower (цветок) — flour (мука);

c) ball (мяч) — ball (бал);

d) tear (слеза)— tear (разрывать).

54. Find the homonyms which appeared due to the process of convergent sound development:

a) love (n) —love (v);

b) finger (n) — finger (v);

c) paper (n) — paper (v);

d) lead (n) (свинец) —lead (v) (вести).

55. ind an example of ideographic synonyms:

a) to seem — to appear;

b) to begin — to commence;

c) to see — to behold;

d) to die — to pass away.

56. Find an example of absolute (total) synonyms:

a) eye-doctor — occulist;

b) large—vast;

c) to get — to receive;

d) word-building — word-formation.

57. Find an example of ideographic-stylistic synonyms:

a) to see — to view;

b) to see — to behold;

c) to see — to observe;

d) to see — to watch.

58. Find the dominant of the synonymic set:

a) celebrated;

b) famous;

c) distinguished;

d) eminent.

59. Find an example of root antonyms:

a) kind-cruel;

b) important — unimportant;

c) appear — disappear;

d) known — unknown.

60. Find an example of derivational antonyms:

a) love — hatred;

b) beautiful — ugly;

c) possible — impossible;

d) long — short.

61. Find a set of words not belonging to the same thematic group:

a) tree — grow — green;

b) journey — train — ticket;

c) sun — shine — brightly;

d) apple — read — snow.

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