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Neologisms: semantic groups, ways of forming

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  11. II. Groups of words based on several types of semantic relations
  12. In groups, discuss the following questions.

1. Дубенец, Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студ. гуманит. вузов / Э.М. Дубенец. — М. / СПб.: ГЛОССА / КАРО, 2004. — С. 153—174.

Key terms: morpheme, root morpheme, free morpheme, bound morpheme, semi—bound morpheme, degree of derivation, productivity, word—formation, affixation, prefixation, suffixation, conversion, word—composition, shortening (contraction), abbreviations, sound—imitation, reduplication, back—formation (reversion), sound and stress interchange, blends, semantic extension, word-creation, neologisms.

Compulsory exercises:

1. Consider your answers to the following questions:

1. What are the main ways of enriching English vocabulary?

2. What are the principal productive ways of English word-building?

3. What do we mean by derivation?

4. What is the difference between frequency and productivity of affixes? Why can't one consider the noun-forming suffix - age, that is commonly metin many words (cabbage, village, marriage, etc.), a productive one?

5. Give examples of your own to show that affixes have meanings.

6. Consult supplementary material and say what languages served as the main sources of borrowed affixes. Illustrate your answer with examples.

7. Prove that the words a finger and to finger ("to touch or handle with the fingers") are two words and not the one word finger used either as a noun or as a verb.

8. What features of Modern English have produced the high productivity of conversion?

9. Which categories of parts of speech are especially affected by conversion?

10. Prove that the pair of words love, n. and love, v. do not present a case of conversion.

11. What is understood by composition? What do we call words made by this type of word-building?

12. Into what groups and subgroups can compounds be subdivided structurally? Illustrate your answer with examples.

13. Which types of composition are productive in Modern English? How can this be demonstrated?

14. What are the interrelationships between the meaning of a compound word and the meanings of its constituent parts? Point out the principal cases and give examples.

15. What are the criteria for distinguishing between a compound and a word-combination?

16. What are the italicized elements in the words given below? What makes them different from affixes? from stems? States man, water proof, cat like, trus tworthy.

17. What are the two processes of making shortenings? Explain the productivity of this way of word-building and stylistic characteristics of shortened words. Give examples.

18. What minor processes of word-building do you know? Describe them and illustrate your answer with examples.

2. Read the following text and answer the questions:

1. What classes of words are distinguished by L. Bloomfield?

2. How do primary words differ from secondary words?

3. How are primary and secondary words subdivided?


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