Exercises. I. Subdivide all the following words of native origin into: a) Indo-European, b) Germanic, c) English proper

I. Subdivide all the following words of native origin into:
a) Indo-European, b) Germanic, c) English proper.

Daughter, woman, room, land, cow, moon, sea, red, spring, three, I, lady, always, goose, bear, fox, lord, tree, nose, birch, grey, old, glad, daisy, heart, hand, night, to eat, to see, to make.

II. Read the following jokes. Explain the etymology of the
italicized words. If necessary consult a dictionary.

1. He dropped around to the girl's house and as he ran up the steps he was confronted by her little brother.

"Hi, Billy."

"Hi," said the brat.

"Is your sister expecting me?"

"Yeah."

"How do you know that?"

"She's gone out."

2. A man was at a theatre. He was sitting behind two women whose continuous chatter became more than he could bear. Leaning forward, he tapped one of them on the shoulder.

"Pardon me, madam," he said, "but I can't hear."

"You are not supposed to — this is a private conver­sation," she hit back.

3. S o n n y: Father, what do they make asphalt roads of?

Father: That makes a thousand question you've asked today. Do give me a little peace. What do you think would happen if I had asked my father so many questions?

S o n n y: You might have learnt how to answer some of mine.

III. Identify the period of the following Latin borrowings; point out the structural and semantic peculiarities of the words from each period.

Wall, cheese, intelligent, candle, major, moderate, priest, school, street, cherry, music, phenomenon, nun, kitchen, plum, pear, pepper, datum, cup, status, wine, philosophy, method.

IV. In the sentences given below find the examples of Scandinavian borrowings. How can the Scandinavian bor­rowings be identified?

1. He went on to say that he was sorry to hear that I had been ill. 2. She was wearing a long blue skirt and a white blouse. 3. Two eyes — eyes like winter windows, glared at him with ruthless impersonality. 4. The sun was high, the sky unclouded, the air warm with a dry fresh breeze. 5. If Eastin were right, Wainwright rea­soned, the presence of the husband could tie in with Wainwright's own theory of an outside accomplice. 6. It's not such a bad thing to be unsure sometimes. It takes us away from rigid thinking.

V. Read the following jokes and identify the Scandina­vian borrowings.

1. "Very sorry, Mr. Brown, but the coffee is ex­hausted," the landlady announced.

"Not at all surprised," came back Mr. Brown. "I've seen it growing weaker and weaker every morning."

2. S m a l l b o y: I say, dad, teacher said this morn­ing that the law of gravity kept us on the earth. Is that right?

Father: Yes, my boy, that's correct.

S m a l l b o y: Well, how did we get on before the law was passed?

3. "I want a man to do odd jobs about the house, run errands, one who never answers back and is always ready to do my bidding," explained a lady to an appli­cant for a post in the household.

"You're looking for a husband, ma'am, not a ser­vant," said the seeker for work.

VI. Explain the etymology of the following words.

Sputnik, kindergarten, opera, piano, potato, toma­to, droshky, czar, violin, coffee, cocoa, colonel, alarm, cargo, blitzkrieg, steppe, komsomol, banana, balalaika.

VII. Think of 10—15 examples of Russian borrowings in English and English borrowings in Russian.

VIII. Read the following text. Identify the etymology of as many words as you can.

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