 |
АвтоАвтоматизацияАрхитектураАстрономияАудитБиологияБухгалтерияВоенное делоГенетикаГеографияГеологияГосударствоДомДругоеЖурналистика и СМИИзобретательствоИностранные языкиИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКомпьютерыКулинарияКультураЛексикологияЛитератураЛогикаМаркетингМатематикаМашиностроениеМедицинаМенеджментМеталлы и СваркаМеханикаМузыкаНаселениеОбразованиеОхрана безопасности жизниОхрана ТрудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПриборостроениеПрограммированиеПроизводствоПромышленностьПсихологияРадиоРегилияСвязьСоциологияСпортСтандартизацияСтроительствоТехнологииТорговляТуризмФизикаФизиологияФилософияФинансыХимияХозяйствоЦеннообразованиеЧерчениеЭкологияЭконометрикаЭкономикаЭлектроникаЮриспунденкция
Vocabulary entry – a dictionary article of a certain word
|
Читайте также: |
Vogue words / fashion words /buzz words – words which take on a fashionable or cult status within the language as a whole or among the members of a particular group (teachers, government ministers or teenagers). V.ws. are similar to catch phrases (which might, indeed, be called vogue phrases), but v.ws. usually lack the specific sources that can be found for most catch phrases. V.ws. are characterised by overuse, sometimes by misinterpretation, generalization, semantic transference and finally by desemantization (e.g. – absolutely, virtual, glasnost, yuppi, gridlock)
Vowel gradation – See Ablaut
Vowel mutation – See Umlaut
Vulgarism – a vulgar expression, a word belonging to low colloquial layer of the vocabulary; a word or expression in coarse or uneducated use.
W
Well-formedness – a lexical unit which formation is sanctioned by accepted rules and norms of the language. – See Acceptability
Wholeformedness – characteristic of a word which means that a word is capable of functioning (from morphological and grammatical points of view) as one indivisible unit, it has a certain morphological paradigm and combines with other units in a syntactic sequence as one whole.
Word – the basic unit of language, directly corresponds to the object of thought (referent) – which is a generalized reverberation of a certain 'slice', 'piece' of objective reality – and by immediately referring to it names the thing meant.
Typology of ws.:
Morphologically we distinguish between:
- monomorphemic w. (root w.);
- polymorphemic w. (derivatives, compounds, derivational compounds – q.v.).
Semantically:
- monosemantic w. – w., having only one lexical meaning and denoting, accordingly, one concept;
- polysemantic w. – words having several meanings, i.e. w. having several meanings, thus denoting a whole set of related concepts grouped according to the national peculiarities of a given language.
Syntactically:
- categorematic w. (notional w.,lexical w., content w.) – q.v.;
- syncategorematic w. (form-w., structural, grammatical, syntactic, functional w.) – q.v.;
Stylistically:
- neutral w.;
- elevated (bookish) w.;
- colloquial w. (q.v.);
- substandard w.
Etymologically:
- nativew. – q.v.;
- borrowed w. (borrowings) – q.v.;
- hybrids – q.v.;
- internationalw. (interonyms) – q.v.;
- dictionary w. – See Acceptability, actual a.
- evaluative w. – See Evaluative connotation; Connotation
- key-words;
- object w.;
- occasional w. (nonce-w., ephemeral w.) – w., which can not be considered as permanent members of the word-stock: although they are, as a rule, formed after existing patterns, they are not characterized by general currency but are individual innovations introduced for a special occasion. – See Acceptability; Word, potential; Neology; Derivation
- potential w. – aderivatives or a compound which do not actually exist (i.e. have not appeared in text), but which can be produced at any moment in accordance with the productive word-forming patterns of the language (e.g. singable, smokable, etc.). – See Word, occasional; Acceptability; Neology; Derivation
- register sensitive ws. – ws. used in this or that register only. – See Register; Stylistic connotation
Word-building/derivational affix – See Affix
Word combination – a non-predicative unit of speech which is, semantically, both global and articulated; a combination of two or more notional words (with accompanying syncategorematic words or without them) serving to express one global concept. – See Phrase
Word-complex – elements of the language functioning as words:
- stable word complex – word proper;
- modelled (stereotyped) formations – former syntactic units or morphemes used as a typical word – See Lexicalization; Word, potential; Word-equivalents;
- lexical unities – See Idiom proper.
Word equivalents – units of morphemic or syntactic level which can function as occasional word equivalents. – See Lexicalization
Word family – a type of lexico-morphological grouping when the words are grouped according to their root morphemes: e.g. dog, doggish, doglike, to dog, dogged, doggedness, etc.
Word-form – a certain morphological form of a word.
Word-formation – the process of forming words by combining root and affixal morphemes according to certain patterns specific for the language (affixation, composition), or without any outward means of word formation (conversion, semantic derivation).
Word-formation meaning – meaning peculiar to some word-formation patterns, especially with affixation when a certain affix and the model predetermine the meaning of the prospective lexeme. E.g. –er added to a verb stem would jointly denote the doer of the action. – See Meaning, nominative derivative m.
Word-formation means (types of w.f.) – regular means of creating new lexemes, accepted by the norms of the language. – See Acceptability; Affixation, Composition, Minor means of word formation
Word-formation pattern/model – a structural and semantic formula, displaying a sequence of elements which is regularly reproduced in speech.
Word nest – See Word family
Word-simulation – See Word equivalents; Lexicalization; Compounds, quotation cs.
Word-stock (vocabulary) – the totality of words in a language, lexicon.
Word stress – accentuation of a part of a word:
- even ws.;
- primary ws.;
- secondary ws.;
- unifying ws.
X
Xenism – a word denoting a certain realia peculiar to an alien culture, mostly a borrowed word (e.g. samovar, troika, kibutz, etc.) – See Borrowing
Z
Zero derivation – See Conversion
Поиск по сайту: