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TRAFFIC RULES AND SIGNS I
Ex. 1. Read the text and translate into Ukrainian. / Прочитайте та перекладіть текст на українську мову:
Basic rules of the road.
The rules enlisted under this category are to be meant for all people sharing the roads. The idea behind formulating such rules is that the roads are meant not only for the drivers (including motorists, cyclists, motorcyclists), but are shared by pedestrians and animals by the road side. The rules belonging to these categories are mandatory to be followed while using the roads. You can observe all the above-stated rules only if you are patient, considerate and careful.
Traffic signals
A traffic light, traffic signal or a stop light is a signalling device positioned at a road intersection to indicate when it is safe to wade through. The traffic signal passes on its information using an universal colour code:
· red – stop & wait
· yellow – get ready
· green – go.
There are eight categories of signs:
A. Danger warning signs
B. Priority signs
C. Prohibitory or restrictive signs
D. Mandatory signs
E. Special regulation signs
F. Information, facilities, or service signs
G. Direction, position, or indication signs
H. Additional panels.
Vocabulary
· enlist – поступити
· pedestrian – пішохід
· considerate – уважний
· device – приладдя
· to wade – переходити
· prohibitory – заборонений
· mandatory – наказові
· indication – вказівний
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Ex. 2. Ask as more questions as possible to the text. / Задайте до тексту якомога більше питань.
Ex.3. Using new vocabulary retell the text. / Використовуючи нові слова перекажіть текст.
Useful expressions
Написи та оголошення
Аеропорт, митниця
Arrivals прибуття
Baggage check in реєстрація багажу
Baggage claim отримання багажу
Check in реєстрація
First class only тільки для пасажирів першого класу
У місті
Attention увага
Do not litter не смітити
$50 fine штраф 50 дол.
Don’t walk стійте (на світлофорі)
Private property особисті речі (багаж)
Bus stop автобусна зупинка
Exit to bus вихід до автобуса
Дорожні покажчики
Detour об’їзд
No passing обгін заборонено
Railroad crossing залізничний переїзд
Traffic circle (roundabout) кільцевий рух
Traffic line автомагістраль
No parking стоянка заборонена
auto repair ремонт автомобілів
Car wash мийка машин
Slow. Children обережно. Діти
Speed limit 55 обмеження швидкості 55 миль/год.
Ex.4. Read the poem. / Прочитайте вірш:
Use the Zebra Crossing
When you cross the road
to the other side,
Always use the Zebra Crossing
Remember the rules to abide.
Stripes of Black and white laid on road.
As in the skin of Zebra
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Stretching next to the traffic light
And this is Zebra crossing.
When the light is red
and the traffic stops
Walk on the Zebra Crossing,
never run or hop.
TRAFFIC RULES AND SIGNS II
Ex. 1. Read the text and translate into Ukrainian. / Прочитайте та перекладіть на українську мову текст:
History
The earliest road signs were milestones, giving distance or direction; for example, the Romans erected stone columns throughout their empire giving the distance to Rome. In the Middle Ages multidirectional signs at intersections became common, giving directions to cities and towns.
Traffic signs became more important with the development of automobiles. One of the first modern-day road sign systems was devised by the Italian Touring Club in 1895. By 1900, a Congress of the International League of Touring Organizations in Paris was considering proposals for standardization of road signage. The basic patterns of most traffic signs were set at the 1908 International Road Congress in Rome. In 1909, nine European governments agreed on the use of four pictoral symbols indicating " bump," "curve," "intersection" and "grade-level railroad crossing." The intensive work on international road signs that took place between 1926 and 1949 eventually led to the development of the European Road Signs system. The United States developed its own road signage system, which was also adopted by several other nations. Beginning in the 1960s, North American signage began adopting international symbols and signs into its system.
Over the years, change was gradual. Today signs are almost all metal rather than wood and are coated with retro reflective sheeting of various types for nighttime and low-light visibility.
New generations of traffic signs based on big electronic displays can also change their symbols and provide intelligent behavior by means of sensors or by remote control. These "road beacon systems" (RBS) are based on the use of RFID transponders buried in the asphalt to allow for on-board signaling and interaction between the car and the road.
Yet another " medium " for transferring information ordinarily associated with visible signs is RIAS (Remote Infrared Audible Signage), e.g., "Talking Signs" for print-handicapped (including blind/low-vision/ illiterate) people. These are infra-red transmitters serving the same purpose as the usual graphic signs when received by an appropriate device such as a hand-held receiver or one built into a cell phone.
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Vocabulary
· milestone – стовп
· to erect – побудувати
· intersection – перехрестя
· to devise – придумати
· proposal – пропонування
· bump – шишка, яма
· gradual – поступовий
· sheeting – аркуш
· visibility – видимість
· medium – засіб
· illiterate – неграмотний
· transmitter – передавач.
Ex.2. Complete and translate the following word-combinations. / Доповніть і перекладіть словосполучення:
________ columns, traffic signs _______on big ______ displays, change was ________,multidirectional signs at _______ _, ________ of automobiles, the first modern-day ______ ______ systems was _______ by the Italian Touring ______ in ______, own ______ _______ system.
Ex.3. Answer the following questions. / Дайте відповіді на питання:
1. What were the earliest road signs?
2. When did signs become more important?
3. The first modern-day road sign systems was devised by the Garman
Touring Club in 1895, wasn’t it?
4. At what are new generations of traffic signs based on?
5. What is the another "medium" for transferring information?
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