MANDATORY SIGNS

Ex. 1 Read the text and translate into Ukrainian. / Прочитайте та перекладіть текст на українську мову:

Mandatory signs are road signs which are used to set the obligations of all traffic which use a specific area of road. Unlike prohibitory or restrictive signs, mandatory signs tell traffic what it must do, rather than must not do. Most mandatory road signs are circular, may use white symbols on a blue background with white border or black symbols on a white background with a red border, although the latter is also associated with prohibitory signs.

Segregation of roads

Mandatory road signs can be used to allocate certain areas to specific vehicles - the Vienna Convention explicitly mentions footpaths, cycle paths and bridleways, but tramways, bus lanes, taxi lanes, HOV lanes and snow mobile tracks can also be designated with mandatory signs. When a specific area of roadway is designated with a mandatory sign specifying a vehicle type, all traffic of this type must use this area if possible. These signs can be combined by putting one pictogram above the other. If the pictograms are side-by-side however, with the sign divided by a white vertical line, each type of vehicle must stay within the lane indicated by the sign. A red line through a mandatory sign indicates not that a vehicle of a specific type is prohibited from entering the designated area, but that the area is now deregulated and any vehicle may use it.

Mandatory signs can also be used to issue instructions to all vehicles - common examples include "pass on this side" signs seen at roadwork, and "compulsory roundabou t" signs seen at mini-roundabouts. Other signs of the type include " attach snow chains" and "remove snow chains" seen at the entry and exit points of mountainous areas, and "compulsory direction for vehicles carrying dangerous loads", used to divert vehicles carrying explosives or poisonous chemicals away from areas with open flames such as oil refineries.

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Minimum speed limits can also be defined using mandatory road signs, although such signs are rare in most countries; the U.S., which does not use mandatory signs, instead places minimum speed limits on the same type of panel as maximum speed limits.

Vocabulary

· obligation – зобов’язання

· segregation – сегрегація

· to allocate - розподіляти

· combined – сумісний

· side-by-side – поряд

· to divide – ділити

· to indicate – визначати

· to issue – випускати, видавати

· roundabout – кільцева транспортна розв’язка

· attach – прикріплювати

· to divert – відхиляти

· flame – вогонь, полум’я

· oil refineries – нафтопереробний завод.

Ex.2. Answer the following questions. / Дайте відповіді на питання:

1. What are mandatory signs?

2. What is the difference between prohibitory signs and mandatory signs?

3. What is the shape of mandatory signs?

4. What mandatory signs do you know?

Ex.3. Make from these letters sentences and translate them. / Утворіть із цих літер речення і перекладіть їх:

1.Mandatorysignsareroadsignswhichareusedtosettheobligationsofalltrafficwhich useaspecificareaofroad.

2.Unlikeprohibitoryorrestrictivesignsmandatorysignstell trafficwhatitmustdoratherthanmustnotdo.

3.Mostmandatoryroadsignsarecircularmayusewhitesymbolsonabluebackgroundwithwhiteborderorblacksymbolsonawhitebackgroundwitharedborderalthoughthelatterisalsoassociatedwithprohibitorysigns.

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Ex.4. Look at the following and say which are used in the air, on land, and in/on water. / Погляньте на запропоновані транспортні засоби і скажіть, які з них для повітря, суходолу і води:

Самостійна робота 4

Ex.1. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. / Співставте наступні англійські слова з їхніми українськими еквівалентами:

Mandatory signs Наказові знаки

1. "Direc­tion to be followed" a) велосипедна доріжка

2. "Pass this side" b) доріжка для пішохо­дів

3. "Compulsory rounda­bout" c) обов’язкове направле­ння руху

4. "Compulsory motor vehicles" d) рух по колу

5. "Compulsory cycle track" e) рух легкових ав­томобілів

6. "Compulsory foot­path" f) мінімальна швидкість

7. "Compulsory mini­mum speed" g) направлення об’їзду перепони

8. "End of compulsory minimum speed" h) кінець обмеження мінімальної

швидкості

Ex.2. Comment on the signs. Explain what they mean. / Прокоментуйте знаки. Поясніть їх значення:

a) b) c)

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d) e) f)

g) j) k)

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