Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English. 1. Розвинуті країни досягають економічного успіху через спеціалізацію

1. Розвинуті країни досягають економічного успіху через спеціалізацію.

2. Під час війни у країні завжди має місце регулювання економіки урядом.

3. У економіках змішаного типу є урядові обмеження того, що виробляти і як виробляти.

4. Кожен менеджер приймає рішення, як розподілити обмежені ресурси найкращим чином.

5. Ми не можемо покластися на ці дані при плануванні виробництва на наступний рік.

6. При ринковій економіці регулювання виробництва і споживання здійснюється через ціни.

9. Insert the proper words into sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:

(both, government, restrictions, the former, the latter, economics, through, to produce, services (2), goods (2), regulations, mixed economy)

1. Every group of people must solve three main problems: what… and… to produce, how… them and for whom to produce them.

2… is placed among the social sciences.

3. Markets in which there is no… intervention are called free markets.

4. Society allocates resources into production… the price system.

5. There are no government… and… in a free market economy.

6… is an economy in which the government and private sector cooperate in solving economic problems.

7. Government regulations and restrictions must… work in the interests of society.

8. People produce… and … are produced in factories or on farms…. – at schools, hospitals, shops, banks.

Make up the sentences from two parts.

1. America's strong demand for automobiles explains

2. In contrast to market economies, economies with different forms of dictatorial control

3. Big corporations are not allowed to dominate an industry or a market

4. In some industries, such as radio, television, telephone services and some others, competition cannot be relied

5. Resources are the things or services that are used

6. Economics and economists play an important role at the highest levels of governments

7. Until the middle of the 18th century, industry (in contrast to agriculture and commerce)

8. Under capitalism, economic decision-making is decentralized

a. may be called command economies.

b. entirely through government regulation.

c. and resources are allocated through goods and services markets.

d. why auto workers have historically been among the highest paid workers in the world.

e. which rely heavily on economic advisers in making the decisions about the future of the country.

f. entirely on to produce results that are good for the society.

g. was of little importance in the economies of Europe and America.

h. to produce goods which can satisfy people's demands.

SUPPLEMENT

Translate the text without the dictionary.

Mixed Economy

There are three types of management in economics. As economics may be totally planned, as it was in Soviet Union. An economy may be almost totally unplanned, as it is in the USA. Or an economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation. Examples of the latter are Japan and South Korea.

In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed. Governments set all the priorities, and the producers are to follow the directions given to them. In a partially planned economy such as Japan’s, the government often encourages industry and helps it with subsidies. Government also makes investments and regulate trade.

The United States is an example of an unplanned economy. But it has a lot of government intervention in economic activity. As the economy of the United States grew, and as government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy.

But the economy of the United States may be called unplanned because the government does not regulate what will be produced and how it will be marketed. These decisions are left to the producers. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.

The name of the American economic system is capitalism. Another name for it is the free market economy.

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