be back cost finish get married happen

like rain.

1 I've bought Mary a present. …….. Do you think she'll like it? ……………

2 The weather doesn't look very good. Do you……………………………………

3 The meeting is still going on. When do you…………………………………….

4 My car needs to be repaired. How much..........................................…………….

5 Sally and David are in love. Do...........................................................………….

6 'I'm going out now.' 'OK. What time............................................……………..

7 The future situation is uncertain. What............................................…………….

Unit 23 I will and I'm going to

Compare:

· 'George phoned while you were out.' 'OK. I'll phone him back.'

but 'George phoned while you were out.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to phone him back.'

· 'Ann is in hospital.' 'Oh really? I didn't know. I'll go and visit her.'

but 'Ann is in hospital.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to visit her tomorrow.'

B

Future happenings and situations (predicting the future)

Sometimes there is not much difference between will and going to. For example, you can say:

· I think the weather will be nice later.

· I think the weather is going to be nice later.

When we say 'something is going to happen', we know (or think) this because of the situation now. For example:

· Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain, (not 'it will rain' - we can see the clouds now)

· I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick, (not 'I think I'll be sick' - I feel terrible now)

Do not use will in situations like these. (See also Unit 20C.)

In other situations, it is safer to use will:

· Tom will probably arrive at about 8 o'clock.

· I think Ann will like the present we bought for her.

EXERCISES

23.1 Complete the sentences using will (’ll) or going to.

1 A: Why are you turning on the television?

B: I'm going to watch.. the news. (I/watch)

2 A: Oh, I've just realised. I haven't got any money.

B: Haven't you? Well, don't worry........................................you some. (I/lend)

3 A: I've got a headache.

B: Have you? Wait there and...............................................................an aspirin for you. (I/get)

4 A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?

B:............................................................................the car. (I/wash)

5 A: I've decided to repaint this room.

B: Oh, have you? What colour......................................................it? (you/paint)

6 A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?

B: Yes,...................................................................something for dinner. (I/buy)

7 A: I don't know how to use this camera.

B: It's quite easy.............................................................................you. (I/show)

8 A: What would you like to eat?

B:............................................................................a sandwich, please. (I/have)

9 A: Did you post that letter for me?

B: Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot...............................................it now. (I/do)

10 A: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it?

B: No, it looks as if....................................................................down. (it/fall)

11 A: Has George decided what to do when he leaves school?

B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned.....................................................a holiday for a few weeks and then...................a computer programming course. (he/have, he/do)

23.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will (’ll) or going to.

1 The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim. CALLER: Hello. Can I speak to Jim, please?

YOU: Just a moment.............................................................................him. (I/get)

2 It's a nice day. You've decided to sit in the garden. Before going outside, you tell your friend.

YOU: The weather's too nice to stay indoors.............................................in the garden. (I/sit)

FRIEND: That's a good idea. I think.........................….......................you. (I/join)

3 Your friend is worried because she has lost an important letter.

YOU: Don't worry about the letter. I'm sure.......................................it. (you/find)

FRIEND: I hope so.

4 There was a job advertised in the paper recently. At first you were interested but then you decided not to apply.

FRIEND: Have you decided what to do about that job that was advertised?

YOU: Yes,............................................................................for it. (I/not/apply)

5 You and a friend come home very late. Other people in the house are asleep. Your friend is noisy.

YOU: Shhh! Don't make so much noise.........................................everybody up. (you/wake)

6 John has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow morning.

JOHN: Ann, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning.

ANN: That's no problem..............................................you. (I/take) What time is your flight?

JOHN: 10.50.

ANN: OK.........................................................at about 9o'clock then. (we/leave)

Later that day, Joe offers to take John to the airport.

JOE: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?

JOHN: No thanks, Joe,...................................................................me. (Ann/take)

Unit 24 Will be doing and will have done

A

Study this example situation:

Kevin loves football and this evening there is a big football match on television. The match begins at 7.30 andends at 9.15. Paul wants to see Kevin the same evening and wants to know what time to come to his house.

PAUL: Is it all right if I come at about 8.30?

KEVIN: No, I'll be watching the football then.

PAUL:Well, what about 9.30?

KEVIN: Fine. The match will have finished by then.

B

‘ I will be doing something' (future continuous) = I will be in the middle of doing something. The football match begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.15. So during this time, for example at 8.30, Kevin will be watching the match. Another example:

· I'm going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I'll be lying on a beach or swimming in the sea.

Compare will be (do) ing and will (do):

· Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We'll be having dinner then.

· Let's wait for Mary to arrive and then we'll have dinner.

Compare will be -ing with other continuous forms:

· At 10 o'clock yesterday, Sally was in her office. She was working. (past)

It's 10 o'clock now. She is in her office. She is working. (present)

At 10 o'clock tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.

C

We also use will be doing in a different way: to talk about complete actions in the future:

· A: If you see Sally, can you ask her to phone me?

· B: Sure. I'll be seeing her this evening, so I'll tell her then.

· What time will your friends be arriving tomorrow?

In these examples will be -ing is similar to the present continuous for the future. (See Unit 19A.)

You can use Will you be -ing...? to ask about somebody's plans, especially if you want something or want them to do something. For example:

· A: Will you be passing the post office when you're out?

· B: Probably. Why?

· A: I need some stamps. Could you get me some?

· A: Will you be using your bicycle this evening?

· B: No. Do you want to borrow it?

D

We use will have (done) (future perfect) to say that something will already be complete. Kevin's football match ends at 9.15. So after this time, for example at 9.30, the match will have finished. Some more examples:

· Sally always leaves for work at 8.30 in the morning, so she won't he at home at 9 o'clock. She'll have gone to work.

· We're late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.

Compare will have (done) with other perfect forms:

· Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years, (present perfect)

· Next year they will have been married for 25 years.

· When their first child was born, they had been married for three years, (past perfect)

EXERCISES

24.2 Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).

1 Don't phone me between 7 and 8....We'll be having... (we/have) dinner then.

2 Phone me after 8 o'clock......................................................................(we/finish) dinner by then.

3 Tomorrow afternoon we're going to play tennis from 3 o'clock until 4.30. So at 4 o'clock,............................................................................(we/play) tennis.

4 A: Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?

B: Not in the afternoon..........................................................................(I/work).

5 B has to go to a meeting which begins at 10 o'clock. It will last about an hour.

A: Will you be free at 11.30?

B: Yes,............................................................................(the meeting/finish) by that time.

6 Tom is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this,..................................................................(he/spend) all his money before the end of his holiday.

7 Chuck came to Britain from the USA nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years. So on Monday,................................................(he/be) in Britain for exactly three years.

8 Do you think............................................................................(you/still/do) the same job in ten years' time?

9 Jane is from New Zealand. She is travelling around Europe at the moment. So far she has travelled about 1,000 miles. By the end of the trip,...............................

(she/travel) more than 3,000 miles.

10 If you need to contact me,.......................................................................(I/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday.

11 A:............................................................................(you/see) Laura tomorrow?

B: Yes, probably. Why?

A: I borrowed this book from her. Can you give it back to her?

Unit 35 Had better It's time...

A

Had better (I'd better / you'd better etc. )

I'd better do something = it is advisable to do it. If I don't, there will be a problem or a danger:

· I have to meet Ann in ten minutes. I'd better go now or I'll be late.

· 'Shall I take an umbrella?' 'Yes, you'd better. It might rain.'

· We'd better stop for petrol soon. The tank is almost empty.

The negative is I'd better not (= I had better not):

· A: Are you going out tonight?

B: I'd better not. I've got a lot of work to do.

· You don't look very well. You'd better not go to work today.

· You can use had better when you warn somebody that they must do something:

· You' d better be on time. / You' d better not be late, (or I'll be very angry)

Note that:

The form is ' had better' (usually 'I 'd better / you 'd better' etc. in spoken English):

· I'd better phone Carol, hadn't I?

Had is a past form, but in this expression the meaning is present or future, not past:

· I'd better go to the bank now/tomorrow.

We say 'I'd better do... ' (not 'to do'):

· It might rain. We'd better take an umbrella, (not 'we'd better to take')

B

Had better and should

Had better is similar to should (see Unit 33A) but not exactly the same. We use had better only for a particular situation (not for things in general). You can use should in all types of situation to give an opinion or to give advice:

· It's cold today. You' d better wear a coat when you go out. (a particular situation)

· I think all drivers should wear seat belts, (in general - not 'had better wear')

Also, with had better, there is always a danger or a problem if you don't follow the advice.

Should only means 'it is a good thing to do'. Compare:

· It's a great film. You should go and see it. (but no danger, no problem if you don't)

· The film starts at 8.30. You' d better go now or you'll be late.

C

It's time...

You can say 'It's time (for somebody) to do something':

· It's time to go home. / It's time for us to go home.

You can also say:

· It's late. It's time we went home.

Here we use the past (went) but the meaning is present or future, not past:

· It's 10 o'clock and he's still in bed. It's time he got up. {not 'It's time he gets up')

It's time you did something = 'you should have done it already or started it'. We often use this structure to criticise or to complain:

· It's time the children were in bed. It's long after their bedtime.

· The windows are very dirty. I think it's time we cleaned them.

You can also say: It's about time... / It's high time.... This makes the criticism stronger:

· Jack is a great talker. But it's about time he did something instead of just talking.

· You're very selfish. It's high time you realised that you're not the most important person in the world.

EXERCISES

35.1 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need only one word, sometimes two.

1 a I need some money. I'd better …. go.... to the bank.

b John is expecting you to phone him. You.............................better do, it now.

c 'Shall I leave the window open? 'No, you'd better.............................it.'

d We'd better leave as soon as possible,.............................we?

2 a It's time the government.............................something about the problem.

b It's time something.............................about the problem.

c I think it's about time you.............................about me instead of only thinking about yourself.

35.2 Read the situations and write sentences with had better. Use the words in brackets.

1 You're going out for a walk with Tom. It might rain. You say to Tom:

(an umbrella) ….. We'd better take an umbrella …..

2 Jack has just cut himself. It's quite a bad cut. You say to him:

(a plaster).................................................................................................................

3 You and Ann plan to go to a restaurant this evening. It's a very popular restaurant. You say to Ann: (reserve)

We..........................................................................................................................

4 Jill doesn't look very well - not well enough to go to work. You say to her:

(work).......................................................................................................................

5 You received your phone bill four weeks ago but you haven't paid it yet. If you don't pay very soon, you could be in trouble. You say to yourself: (pay)

……………………………………………………………………………………

6 You want to go out but you're expecting an important phone call. You say to your friend: (go out) I...............................................................................................

7 You and Fiona are going to the theatre. You've missed the bus and you don't want to be late. You say to Fiona: (a taxi)...............................................................

35.3 Put in had better or should. Sometimes either is possible.

1 I have an appointment in ten minutes. I’ d better... go now or I'll be late.

2 It's a great film. You... should... go and see it. You'll really like it.

3 I.......................................get up early tomorrow. I've got a lot to do.

4 When people are driving, they.......................................keep their eyes on the road.

5 Thank you for coming to see us. You.......................................come more often.

6 She'll be upset if we don't invite her to the wedding, so we.................invite her.

7 These biscuits are delicious. You.......................................try one.

8 I think everybody.......................................learn a foreign language.

35.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It's time (somebody did something).

1 You think the children should be in bed. It's already 11 o'clock.

…. It's time the children were in bed …..

2 You haven't had a holiday for a very long time. You need one now.

It's time I...................................................................................................................

3 You're waiting for Mary. She is late. Why isn't she here yet?

It's time she...............................................................................................................

4 You're sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station. It's already five minutes late.……………………………………………………………………...

5 You enjoy having parties. You haven't had one for a long time.

……………………………………………………………………………………

6 The company you work for is badly run. You think there should be some changes.……………………………………………………………………………

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