The Northern Lights

On my sixteenth day in Denmark, it happened. I was returning after my morning walk and in an empty piece of sky above the town there appeared a translucent cloud of many colours — pinks and greens and blues and pale purples. It glimmered and seemed to swirl. Slowly it stretched across the sky. It had an oddly oily quality about it, like the rainbows you sometimes see in a pool of petrol. I stood transfixed.

I knew from my reading that the Northern Lights are immensely high up in the atmosphere, something like 200 miles up, but this show seemed to be suspended just above the town. There are two kinds of Northern Lights — the curtains of shimmering gossamer that everyone has seen in pictures, and the rather rarer gas clouds that I was gazing at now. They are never the same twice. Sometimes they shoot across the sky, like smoke in a wind tunnel, moving at enormous speed, and sometimes they hang like luminous drapes of glittering spears of light, and very occasionally — perhaps once or twice in a lifetime — they creep out from every point on the horizon and flow together overhead in a spectacular, silent explosion of light and colour. They are capable of the most weird and unsettling optical illusions. They can seem to come out of the sky and fly at you at enormous speeds, as if trying to kill you. Apparently it's terrifying. The eerie thing was how silent it was. Such activity seemed to demand at the very least an occasional low boom or a series of crackles, but there was none. All this immense energy was spent without a sound.

It was very cold — inside my boots I wore three pairs of socks but still my toes were numb and I began to worry about frostbite. But I stayed and watched for perhaps two hours, unable to pull myself away as it was the most beautiful thing I had ever seen.

B. Say if you have ever witnessed any unusual natural phenomena. Discuss it in the group.

Ex. 70. Read and translate the following sentences. Comment on the nouns in bold type.

A. 1. The lion is the national emblem of Great Britain. 2. There is perfect freedom in the mountains, but still it belongs to the eagle, and the elk, the badger and the bear. 3. The eel is one of the few creatures in the world that can kill by electrocution. 4. The parrot is the cleverest of all the birds, some of them can learn 150 words, 5. A forget-me-not is a lovely flower. 6. The emu is the largest bird in the world. It resembles the ostrich.

B. 1. The human mind is a strange and complex piece of machinery. It takes a lot of understanding. 2. The calendar was a very useful invention. 3. I need a calendar for the new year. 4. The radio was invented long before television. 5. The garden has always been a religious symbol starting from the Koran and the Bible. 6. The article is a small word that causes a lot of problems. 7.1 love the ballet, but I fall asleep in the opera. 8. Television is a highly competitive business.

C. 1. To her that great house appeared to be the most beautiful one ever erected by mortal man. 2. He knew only too well the true nature of man. 3. Does man have no choice of action in the face of such circumstances? The experiences of life show that man does have a choice of action. Man can preserve spiritual freedom, independence of mind. An active life gives man the opportunity to realize values in creative work. 4. The ancient Greeks believed that man could not shape his own destiny as he was at the mercy of Zeus. Over time, man realized that he did have power over his destiny. Immanuel Kant said that it's the ability to choose that separates man from the beast. Man has always stood up against the forces of the universe to proclaim, "I AM MASTER OF MY FATE."

Ex. 71- Insert the right article.

1.... azalea is truly an adaptable shrub as it will grow in all climates. 2.... rose is one of the oldest flowers in cultivation. 3.... man is harsher than iron, harder than stone and more delicate than... rose. 4. Nobody can decide which came first —... hen or... egg. 5.... circus makes people remember their childhood. 6.... television was invented by the Scottish engineer John Baird in 1926. 7.... postmark first appeared in England in 1840. 8.... sea cow is not... cow at all. 9.... dragon symbolized evil in fairy tales. 10. The apple tree and... grape are the oldest trees on the Earth. 11. The primary speech organ, the birthplace of our words is... human heart. 12.... speaking watch will soon be on... market. 13.... apple is... symbol of New York City. 14.... pen is mightier that... sword, and considerably easier to write with.

Ex. 72. Translate into English

1. Летнее время было впервые введено в Англии в 1908 году. Часы перевели на один час вперед. 2. Кенгуру ассоциируется с Австралией. 3. Кит — млекопитаю­щее, но он живет в море. 4. Слон живет в Индии и в Центральной Африке. 5. Во многих странах есть па­мятники животным: в нашей стране — это памятник собаке, в Индии — памятник слону, в Соединенных Штатах — памятник обезьяне. 6. Когда и кем был изобретен телефон? 7. Велосипед — прекрасное транс­портное средство. 8. Гитара появилась в Испании в 13 веке. 9. Никто не знает, когда человек изобрел ко­лесо. 10. Подлежащее и сказуемое — главные члены предложения. 11. Детективный роман— один из литературных жанров. 12. Детективный роман помо­гает скоротать время в путешествиях. 13. Корова — свя­щенное животное в Индии. 14. Тюльпан — один из самых первых весенних цветов. 15. Доллар — денеж­ная единица Соединенных Штатов. 16. У муравья шесть ног. 17. Волынка— музыкальный инструмент, на ко­тором играют шотландцы. 18. Компьютер был впервые создан в инженерной школе в Пенсильвании в 1946 году. 19. Апельсин — символ штата Флорида. 20. Бог создал мужчину и женщину. 21. Коротка жизнь чело­века! 22. Перо — более сильное оружие, чем меч.

Ex. 73. Insert the right article.

1. He is... local priest in... Anglican church. 2.... church has a wonderful porch at the front. 3. His parents go to... church now and then. 4. Bruce was in... town with his wife to promote the film. 5. The market is an exciting and colourful part of... town, full of noise and bustle. 6. This is... small town, everybody knows everybody. 7. She went to... town where her aunt lived. 8.... school was a very happy time. 9.1 left... school exactly ten years ago. 10. We met every day after... school. 11. This is... school with more than one thousand pupils. 12.... school was built in 1909. 13. Criminals are kept in... prison. 14.... prison was surrounded by a brick wall. 15.... prison is not the answer to many social problems. 16. Ben was taken to... hospital with appendicitis. 17. There is a well-equipped laboratory at... hospital. 18. Melaniewent to... bed but couldn't fall asleep. 19. Why do you always put your shoes under... bed? 20. Doctors advise me to sleep on... hard bed. 21. He went to... University to get education. 22. There is... university in this small town. 23. There is no place like... home.

Ex. 74. Translate into English.

1. Каждый день после школы Билли ходит в гараж помочь отцу. 2. Пружины кровати были сделаны из тяжелого металла. 3. Ребенок вырос, нужно купить ему новую кровать. 4. Она работает в английской спе­циализированной школе. 5. Не могу дождаться мо­мента, когда закончу школу. 6. Граф Монтекристо провел в тюрьме много лет. 7. Он прорыл подземный ход под тюрьмой и сбежал. 8. Все должны пойти в больницу на осмотр (a medical check-up). 9. За гос­питалем есть небольшой сад. 10. Мы случайно встре­тились в городе. 11. Мой сын хочет поступить в кол­ледж. 12. Городок становится больше, и людям нужна новая церковь. 13. Моя бабушка ходит в церковь по воскресеньям. 14. В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. 15. Давай встретимся после занятий возле школы. 16. Учеба начинается через неделю. Лето так быстро пролетело! 17. Они обвенчались в церкви. 18. Церковь стояла на холме.

Ex. 75. Read the following proverbs and sayings and give their Russian equivalents.

1. A foul morning may turn to a fair day. 2. A clean fast (пост) is better than a dirty breakfast. 3. A nod from a lord is a breakfast for a fool. 4. After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. 5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man wealthy, healthy and wise. 6. All are not saints that go to church. 7. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 8. A misty morning does not signify a cloudy day. 9. Go to bed with the lamb and rise with the lark. 10. After dinner comes the reckoning. 11. If you laugh before breakfast you'll cry before supper. 12. Better to go to bed supperless than rise in debt. 13. Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper. 14. Red sky at night, shepherd's delight. 15. He that goes to bed thirsty rises healthy.

Ex. 76. Insert the right article.

I.Maxim left... Ritz Hotel after their dinner at... Annabel's and walked home crossing... Picadilly and heading through... Half Moon Street into... Mayfair. 2.... Easter Island in... Pacific Ocean was discovered in 1722. It is one of... most mysterious spots on... earth. 3.1 flew to... UK on the Concorde. I had hardly had a chance to eat a snack, relax and read my book when we were landing at... Heathrow. 4.... Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current which flows from... Gulf of Mexico, along... south-east coast of... United States, and north-eastwards in... Atlantic Ocean. 5. The waters of... Seine trembled in the hazy sunshine. 6. In the vicinity of the house were... Rodin Museum,... French Academy, and... Hotel des Invalides, housing... tomb of Napoleon I. T.George had planned...cruise to... Greek islands as... surprise for his family. They would be sailing around... Aegean Sea for about a fortnight. 8. The two young women had attended... Sorbonne at the same time. Their fathers, as it turned out, had been at... Oxford University. 9. The highest peak in... North America is... Mount McKinley. 10.... Monterey Peninsula juts out into... Pacific Ocean halfway up... California coast. 11. The travellers saw an oasis in... Gobi, but it was a mirage. 12. If you want to see... Lake Victoria and... Mount Kilimanjaro, go to... Kenya. 13. There is a project to turn... Baikal area into... Russian Alps.

Ex. 77. Which of the given below geographic names can be used with the definite article?

A. Kilimanjaro, Jenisei, Bermuda, Elbrus, Hudson Bay, Laptev Sea, Urals, Kalahari, Volga, Carpathians, Indian Ocean, Madeira, Etna, English Channel, Palm Beach, Arctic Circle, Olympus, New Forest, South Pole, Bridge of Sighs, Jutland Peninsula, Suez Canal, Swallow Falls, Sicily, Tower Bridge, Kara-Kum, Lake Chad, Bermuda Triangle, Malay Archipelago, Aleutian Islands B. United Arab Emirates, Sudan, Far East, Brussels, Netherlands, Booker Prize, Hague, Art Theatre, Riviera, Northern Europe, St. James' Park, Peacock Inn, Baker Street, Russian Museum, Salisbury Cathedral, Wailing Wall, Middle East, Southern Africa, Roman Empire, Miami Airport, Nobel Prize, Republic of Ireland, Athens, Winter Palace, Republican Party, Eiffel Tower, National Association of Teachers, Hawaii, Village of Sosnovka, Hawaiian Islands

Ex. 78. Insert the right article.

I. The hunters got lost in... Rocky Mountains. 2.... Buckingham Palace,... Trafalgar Square,... Houses of Parliament,... Tower of London,... Tower Bridge,... National Gallery are the usual sights in... English capital. 3. The six island countries of... West Indies are... Bahamas,... Barbados,... Cuba,... Dominican Republic,... Haiti and... Jamaica. 4. In the mornings she used to read... "Vogue" and he usually read... "Mirror". 5.... Berlin she had been born in, and where she had grown up, no longer existed. 6.... Low Countries include... Netherlands,... Belgium, and... Luxembourg. 7.... Colorado River flows through... Grand Canyon. 8. The names of the following streets have the definite article:... Mall,... Strand,... Wall Street,... Unter den Linden. 9.... England of the 21st century will be very different from... England of our days. 10. This producer got... Nika for this film.

II. Chaucer would have had difficulty in recognizing... London of Queen Elizabeth, just as Shakespeare would have been lost in... brick-and-stone London of D.R. Johnson, while Dickens, well as he knew... London, would have been bewildered by... steel and concrete London of today.

Ex. 79. Insert the right article.

Ecuador*

Located in... Middle of... World and... American Subcontinent,... Ecuador has always been known for its strategic geographical location. Fronting... Pacific Ocean, it has access to... major commercial centres of the world:... United States,... Canada,... Japan, and due to its proximity to... Panama Canal, it is within easy reach of... Atlantic Ocean and... Europe. To... East, Ecuador is... door to... majestic headwaters of... Amazon Basin. Many experts in economy and commerce now consider Ecuador as... point of access to this market of unexploited opportunities that is now opening its doors to the world. Ecuador has become... place to create... wealth of... future.... Andes divide the country into three basic natural regions:... coastal plains,... mountainous highlands and... humid tropical lowlands, or... "Oriente" as the

Ecuadorians call it. These fertile regions are... refuge of numerous species of animals and plants that increase... exportable potential of Ecuador to the world. In recent years there has also been... rapid increase in... production of flowers, vegetables, and exotic fruit for

export.

Ex. 80. Translate into English.

1. Япония— древняя страна на Дальнем Востоке. 2. Население Российской Федерации— около 150 миллионов человек. 3. Турция располагается на двух континентах — Азии и Европе. 4. Босфор — это про­лив, который соединяет Мраморное море с Черным морем. 5. Наполеон родился на Корсике, острове в Средиземном море. 6. Америка состоит из трех час­тей: Северной Америки, Центральной Америки и Южной Америки. 7. Красное море находится между Северной Африкой и Аравийским полуостровом. 8. Если вы поедете в Египет, то увидите Нил, знаме­нитые пирамиды, «Долину Королей» и «Долину Ко­ролев». 9. Мальта, Кипр, Капри — знаменитые остро­ва. 10. Амударья течет через пустыню Каракум и впадает в Аральское море.

EX. 81. Translate into English.

1. Среди достопримечательностей Москвы можно на­звать Красную площадь, Кремль, Манежную площадь, Тверскую улицу, Большой театр и многие другие. 2. Са­мый большой город в Африке — Каир, столица Егип­та. 3. Печора течет на север и впадает в Баренцево море. 4. Многие люди встречаются у памятника Пушкину на Пушкинской площади. 5. Музей изобразительных ис­кусств находится на Волхонке. 6. Кто получил Нобе­левскую премию в области литературы в 1958 году? 7. Самолет приземлился в аэропорту Майами. 8. Офи­циальная столица королевства Нидерландов — Амстер­дам. Гаага — резиденция голландского правительства и королевского двора. 9. Ватикан является резиденци­ей Римской католической церкви. 10. Берингов про­лив разделяет Америку и Азию. 11. Он корреспондент и работает в «Известиях». 12. Каждую субботу они хо­дят в пивную «Три Дуба» на Цветочной улице.

Ex. 82. Geographic Test.

1. What are the most famous monuments in Moscow? 2. The longest river in Italy has the shortest name, consisting of only two letters. What is it? 3. What is the highest point on Earth? 4. What is the longest street in St. Petersburg? 5. When we think of this river, we picture Paris, the Eiffel Tower and everything that is French. Can you name it? 6. What is the oldest country in the world? 7. What river flows through a city that has a country inside it? 8. Do you know the name of the town where Shakespeare was born? What river does it stand on? Is there any world famous theatre there? 9. Can you say what is the oldest Zoo in the world? 10. Name the smallest country in the world, with the population of just 750 people. 11. What is the biggest ocean in the world? 12. Name the biggest sea on our planet. What is the smallest one? 13. "The Mother of Rivers" — what river in Europe is called so? 14. There is a neutral country in Europe, which actually hasn't been in wars since 1515. What is it? 15. What is the longest river on the globe? Do you know what the second longest is? 16. What is the difference between a channel and a canal? Name the most famous ones. 17. Name the country in Central Europe with the highest population density. 18. What is the most mysterious spot on the Earth's surface? 19. There is a famous city, which is in danger of going under the water. What is it? 20. What are the oldest books in the history of mankind? 21. What are your favourite places in your city, country or in the world?

Ex. 83. Comment on the nouns in bold type.

1.—"I'm looking for a Mr. Silver," she answered, jumping off her bike. — "Well, you've found him," the man said, "I'm Mr. Silver." 2. Amelia told me she had made a will. "It's all for Catherine. She is a Silver. The last of the Silvers. And the land I'm leaving for her has belonged to the Silvers for almost two hundred years." 3. For her part, she had proved herself to be a Jar dine through and through. 4. Excuse me, you have a phone call, Meredith. It's a Mrs. Alexander. 5. Irina Troubetzkoy's mother had been born a Romanov and was a cousin of Czar Nicholas. 6. David was shocked. "You are painting a very strange picture. That's not the Emma I know." 7.1 am not the Claudia of whom you thought, but an unimaginable Claudia from whom you would recoil. 8. Dear old Marion! No words can tell how I miss you! 9. Now I do recognize the practical, sensible Trisch, the Woman Who Got Things Done. 10.... Sergeant, can I ask you to help me? 11. She's as eccentric as hell! And whenever I think of her, I think of scarves. She's always worn masses of them, rain or shine, all kinds of weather. Gwenny's a regular Isadora Duncan, if you ask me. 12. — You are a real Childe Harold! — And you are a Don Juan! 13. Would you recognize a Shagal from a Malevich? 14. — Is Father in? — Not yet, but Mother and Aunt have just come.

Ex. 84. Translate into English.

1. В библиотеке нашего института есть полная «Бри-таника». 2. — Неужели это действительно Васнецов в доме у твоего родственника? — Да, это так. 3. Вас спрашивает какой-то Романов. 4. Я уже не та Ната­ша с которой ты ходил в школу, я выросла. 5. Да ты просто Джеймс Бонд! 6. Лорд Сэндвич изобрел бутер­брод. 7. — Няня дома? — Она гуляет в саду с ребен­ком. 8. Она истинная Ричардсон. И подобно всем Ричардсонам всегда всего добивается. 9. Я собираюсь купить новый словарь — Хорнби или же Коллинз. 10. Национальная галерея купила Гогена на аукцио­не. 11. Мы совсем не узнаем деловую, практичную Марину. Перед нами совершенно другая Марина. 12. Серебровы — большие книголюбы.

Ex. 85. Comment on the nouns in bold type.

1. The house drew her back like a magnet. 2. They train like fanatics. 3. The sea was like black oil. 4. There's no fool like an old fool. 5. They were like two peas in a pod. 6. The moon shone in the purple sky, like a coin tossed up and caught mid-game. 7. My wife looks like a complete knockout in this frock. 8. "You mustn't be embarrassed," he murmured in an understanding tone. 9. They danced in silence, cheek to cheek. 10. Why are you talking in a whisper? 11. Patsy had always been as solid as a rock, hardworking, dependable, devoted and loyal. 12. Gosh, I'm as happy as a pumpkin in a patch to see you! 13. "Your words are not flattering," she replied with a dry smile. 14. "I can never be yours," she said with pathos, and he accepted the words with a heavy heart. 15. If you had as little money as manners, you'd be the poorest of all the people. 16. They were as different as chalk and cheese.

Ex. 86. Insert the article if necessary.

1. David grinned like... Cheshire cat. 2. Life is funny, she mused, it's like... circle. 3. Harris and Ben curled their lips like... sullen teenagers. 4. Why make yourself miserable with... jealousy? 5. Carl drove like... maniac. He had to. 6.1 am as happy as... clam in... seaweed. 7. She said it in... low, thoughtful voice. 8. The women looked like... typical country matrons. 9. The moon shone like... promise. 10. On this particular morning, she looked as bright and sparkling as... brand-new penny. 11. "Another dead end," he said in... miserable tone. 12.1 am quite breathless with... admiration. 13. Her spirits were as light as... air. 14.1 think you may go with... easy mind. 15. He looks like... hippie. 16. Why are you looking so gloomy, my love? You've got a face like... wet weekend.

Ex. 87. A. Match the given phrases with suitable words. Model: l.As easy as pie, ABC.

B. Complete the phrases with suitable words Give as many variants as possible.

1. She sings like...

2. She runs like...

3. She swims like...

4. She flies like...

5. It was as light as...

6. She was as happy as...

7. She sleeps like...

8. It was as safe as...

9. She was as pretty as...

10. He was as busy as...

11. A change is as good as...

12. It was as hard as...

13. It was as heavy as...

14. He was as ugly as...

15. It was as black as...

16. She was as white as...

17. He is as slow as...

18. He is as merry as...

19. He is as brave as...

20. He is as blind as...

21. He is as limp as...

22. He is as obstinate as...

23. It's as old as...

24. It's as safe as...

25. He is as deaf as...

26. He is as drunk as...

C. Use some of the given above phrases to describe the characters and habits of your friends, relatives, teachers, etc. Mind, that your criticism should be mild and friendly.

Ex. 88. Translate into English.

1. «Извините, но я очень тороплюсь», — сказала она тихо. 2. Если ты хочешь чего-то добиться, то дол­жен крутиться как «белка в колесе». 3. Она хоро­ша как картинка. 4. Она мне как вторая мать. 5. Со­седи отнеслись к нам с пониманием и симпатией. 6. Ричард обращается с ней как с хрустальной вазой. 7. Нэнси могла читать каждого из своих детей как раскрытую книгу. 8. Он подобен кошке, у которой девять жизней — он всегда выходит сухим из воды. 9. Слова обрушились на нее словно электрический шок. 10. Разве ты не понимаешь, что ведешь себя глупым образом? 11. Ты не сообщил мне ничего но­вого. История стара как мир. 12. — Похоже, будет дождь. — А мне кажется, что будет снег. 13. Небо было похоже на бездонный колодец. 14. Я в отчая­нии, а вы ведете себя как безответственные люди. 15. —Я поговорю с ним. — Нет, нет. Это будет слов­но красная тряпка для быка. 16. Честно говоря, для меня мир подобен мыльной опере.

Ex. 89. Comment on the use of articles with nouns in bold type.

I. Amanda always remembered her childhood with a feeling of bittersweet nostalgia. 2. He looks like a man of great heart. 3. Olivia Wainright was a woman of impeccable character, high principles, and down-to-earth common sense. 4. He did it in the flick of an eyelash. 5. The question was on the tip of her tongue. 6. We'll set off at the crack of dawn tomorrow. 7. She knows Yorkshire like the back of her hand. 8. He was a creature of habit. 9. She had a great sense of style. 10. We are right in the middle of Christmas preparations now.

II. The face of a person shows what life he has lived. 12. Grammar isn't just a set of rules, is it? 13. 1 think I could do with a quick cup of coffee. 14. A bar of fruit and nuts chocolate is a good snack. 15. Can you give me a piece of sensible advice? 16. They promise a spell of good weather at the end of the month.

Ex. 90. Insert the article if necessary

1.... beginning of... detective story should be mysterious and gripping. 2.... beginning of... novel was boring but... end was fantastic. 3. In big cities people have to live in... blocks of... flats. 4. Julia worked hard and soon was at... top of... class. 5. The snow lay thick on... roof of... house. 6.... roof of... private house needs regular care. 7. Chris had... feeling of... complete and... utter love. 8. For her, the Union Jack was not merely

... national emblem of Great Britain, but... symbol of... justice,... democracy and... freedom. 9.... piece of... information we've just got is very timely. 10. They sat down on a bench under... shade of... weeping willow. 11.... proof of... pudding is in the eating. 12. Great treasures lie hidden in... depths of... World Ocean. 13. That's... other side of... coin, so to say. 14.1 know him like... palm of my hand.

Ex.91. Translate into English.

1. Этот сыщик пытается добраться до сути дела. 2. На­чиная с ранней весны, крестьяне встают с первым про­блеском зари. 3. Мораль сей басни очень поучитель­на. 4. Стая голубей устроилась на крыше собора. 5. У моего друга обостренное чувство справедливости. 6. Неужели ты веришь, что в том, что он говорит, есть хоть слово правды? 7. Шекспир верил в колесо форту­ны. 8. Круговорот жизни бесконечен, и он никогда не меняется. 9. Судьба человека зависит от очень мно­гих вещей. 10. Высоко в небе мы увидели арку раду­ги. 11. С вершины холма можно увидеть панораму Флоренции. 12. Сердце женщины непредсказуемо. 13. Группа второкурсников изучает итальянский язык. 14. У меня сломалась машина, и теперь мне нужна кругленькая сумма денег, чтобы отремонтировать ее. 15. На рояле стояла фигурка солдата. 16. Фигура ма­некенщицы должна соответствовать определенным требованиям.

Ex. 92. Comment on the use of articles with nouns in bold type.

1. Matilda, a sensitive and brilliant girl, was very quick to learn. 2. The dictionary, a Collins, is the most reliable source of information for me. 3. Ben and Andy, undisciplined boys, drove many teachers to despair. 4. Tatyana, a colleague of mine, invited us to her birthday party. 5. Pushkin, the great Russian poet, loved autumn very much. 6. Walt Disney, the famous film

animator and producer, created Disneyland, a large pleasure park, which was opened in California in 1955. 7. The next day, a Tuesday, a telegram came. 8. We had some wine for dinner, a bottle of Italian white wine. 9. President Washington was an outstanding man.

10. Who is Prime Minister of the UK? 11. Was the meeting of the President and the Prime Minister unofficial? 12. The artist Stubbs painted mostly horses. 13. Colonel Baden-Powell, the founder of the Boy Scout movement, was an Englishman. 14. Mind, it won't work. As long as I'm head of this company, I will handle all of our top customers. 15. As long as I'm here, you'll respect Bruce. He's still chairman. 16. You see, Nigel, as managing director of Jardine's, I have the last word. 17. The Queen acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. 18. Peter the Great, Czar of all Russias, was an out­standing man.

Ex. 93. Insert the article if necessary.

I. Mr. Marshall is a well-known economist,... expert in his field. 2.... Princess Margaret is known for her charity work. 3. Helen Westwood,... professor of philology, studies the slang of teenagers. 4. Tracey,... monitoress of the group, kept the register. 5.... Doctor Johnson will accept you in a minute, madam. 6. There lived once two brothers,... good and unremarkable men. 7. Vladimir Nabokov,... world-famous Russian writer, was a master of style. 8. Brian is... personnel manager of our firm. 9.... King Arthur is often compared with... czar Peter the Great. 10. Many delegates spoke at the conference:... chemist Malikov,... ecologist Nesterova,... biologist Dimov.

II.... academician Lichatchyov was a great authority in this country. 12. He is... President, so he has the last word. 13. Will... Prime Minister Blair discuss it with... Queen? 14. We are looking forward to July,... month of our graduation. 15. I went into the town,... large village really, looking for a hotel.

Ex. 94. Translate into English.

1. Байрон, великий английский поэт, сражался за сво­боду Греции. 2. Нам очень понравился их дом, неболь­шое двухэтажное строение на берегу реки. 3. Он — президент маленькой южноафриканской республики. 4. У президента были переговоры с премьер-мини­стром. 5. Зимний дворец был построен архитектором Растрелли. 6. Все дети любят Микки Мауса, знамени­того мультипликационного персонажа. 7. Андрей Ти­хонов — глава нашей фирмы. 8. Профессор Николаев был избран деканом математического факультета. 9. Собака, огромная овчарка, охраняла дом по ночам. 10. Дети, озорные подростки, часто приходили к нам поиграть в теннис. 11. На Рождество тетушка Соня и дядя Антон приезжают повидать нас. 12. Мой друг — вице-президент большой компании. 13. Картина, не­большое полотно, стоила целое состояние. 14. Киви, тропический фрукт, богат витамином С.

Ex. 95. Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the phrases in bold type

1. Step by step we are getting nearer to our goal. 2. They walked from room to room, admiring what they saw. 3. Day after day things are improving. 4. We've been working side by side for so many years. 5. She read the foreign text slowly, line by line. 6. We call each other from time to time. 7. The fellow kept grinning from ear to ear. 8. It was all a big lie from start to finish. 9.1 must tell you that from beginning to end you acted most foolishly. 10. He is a gentleman from head to toe. 11. During the war the family lived from hand to mouth.

12. He keeps all his bank accounts under lock and key. 13. Let me announce you now husband and wife. 14. Mother and child should be protected by State. 15. Time after time I've tried to walk away from you. 16. The moon was rolling slowly in the sky, from star to star. 17. Traffic stood nose to tail all the way down the Strand.

Ex. 96. Complete the sentences with the phrases from the right column.

1. Do you prefer travelling... or...? • in mind

2. If they start..., they will be... for • by mistake the train.

• in vain

3. I miss you so much! You are always • by air,...

by ferry,

4. It was... or... that she was saved. by train

5. This Persian carpet is made.... -on time

6. Her son, a sailor, is most of the time • at once,

in time

7. I know him..., but not personally. • by hand

8.... you have come! Where have you been • on my mind

9. It's a reliable airline. Planes are always • by chance or by good fortune

10. — Is this book still...? — No, it's out of print. • by night or by day

11. We can't say... what will come out of it. • at sea

12. I must tell you... that we've lost a • by thumb • on foot

first-rate teacher in Jim

13. — Are they still...? — Yes, they • by name. • at last

are going to get married on Sunday

14. My car is out of order again, I'll have • on sale • off-hand

to go... to the office.

15. We travelled to Britain first..., then and then.... • in private..., • in love

16.... did the parents try to stop him. He wouldn't

listen to them.

17. Sorry, I've taken your keys....

18. It's most important! Keep it..., will you?

19. Vadim travelled all over Europe....

Ex. 97. Translate into English.

1. День за днем она мечтала о встрече с ним. 2. Они живут душа в душу. 3. Око за око, зуб за зуб. 4. Мы промокли с головы до ног. 5. Начался шторм, и катер швыряло из стороны в сторону. 6. Книга такая инте­ресная, что я знаю ее от корки до корки. 7. Они встре­чали все трудности плечом к плечу. 8. Они пришли на встречу под ручку. 9. Вы когда-нибудь встречались с ним лицом к лицу? 10. Машина и водитель слились в единое целое. 11. У отца и сына должно быть взаи­мопонимание. 12. Хозяин и помощник трудились с утра до ночи. 13. Они неразлучны, словно рука и перчатка. 14. Они очень бедны и живут впроголодь. 15. Дама в красном танцует со мной щека к щеке. 17. Транспорт стоял вплотную на Ленинском проспекте.

Ex. 98. Read and translate the sentences. State what parts of speech are substantivized and explain the use of articles with them.

I. He never stopped looking for the unexpected. 2. We reward the courageous and the wounded. 3. This meeting is for me like a jump into the unknown. 4. Now I am reading a book by I. Murdock "The Red and the Green". 5. It's still unclear when the officials are going to take decisive measures. 6. If there is one secret weapon that's possessed by the successful, it is that they are highly organized. 7. Ben often thought regretfully about the past. 8. Try to learn to sort the good from the bad. 9. The Greeks built a wooden horse that the Troyans took into the city. 10. Must I understand the answer as a negative?

II. Don't feel jealous, it's a him, not a her I'm dining with tonight. 12.1 hope I'll get a five for the test. 13. We talked about what we wanted to do, in the war and after, if there was an after. 14. The play was still running, it was a sell-out at weekends. 15. And the sky now was a hard metallic blue. 16. The Downs are an area of low grassy hills in the South of England. 17. The poor man lived among the down-and-out in the city Liverpool.

Ex. 99. Insert the right article.

1. This book is about the dazzling world of... rich and... powerful. 2. Come in, come in, out of... cold. 3. Her coat was... cast-off from her cousin. 4. Blackie's skin was dark, it was... nut brown. 5. Things have taken a turn for... worse. 6. Emma was relieved at last that it was out in... open. 7. I felt claustrophobic all of... sudden. 8. He felt just... opposite. 9. She always tried to see... best in people. 10. The prospect of a new business deal gave her... high. 11. Her eyes were... startling blue. 12. The village was deserted, and it looked as if... locals had left it. 13. You've said you like the house, and yet there's... but in your mind; I know you. 14.1 vaguely remember that the house became a home for... elderly. 15. My father, an archaeologist, seems to prefer... past to... present. 16. The Governments of many countries are doing... near impossible to stop terrorism.

Ex. 100. Use the right article if necessary

1.... English will endure any amount of... humiliation and... suffering if you can promise them... nice cup of.. tea at... end of it. 2. There is... strong tradition of... hard work and... good manners in... English Internet School. And... terrific atmosphere! 3. At one end of... town stood... old church. Most of... shops lay beyond... church. 4.... teddy bear has come out of the nursery and into... auction room to fetch... massive prices.... bears are one of... few collectables that touch... heart. They are very loving. 5.... cosmetic surgery was once... extravagance of... rich and famous, but nowadays more and more people are going under... knife in... pursuit of... better body and face. 6. Two thousand years ago 20 000 people lived in... Pompeii,... city in... southern Italy, off... Bay of... Naples.... Pompeii was built at... foot of... Vesuvius,... volcano 4,000 feet high. 7.... most famous battle in... English history was... Battle of Hastings. 8.... traffic warden is... man or... woman who controls car parking in towns. 9. Before... driver has passed... driving test, he must carry... red and white L-plate on... back and on... front of... car. 10.... head of... Church of England is... Archbishop of Canterbury.

11.... emirate is... country that is ruled by... emir.... emir is... Muslim ruler, especially in... South-West Asia and... West Africa. 12.... British Finance Minister is called... Chancellor of... Exchequer. 13. When... woman agrees to marry... man, he gives her... engagement ring. 14.... head of... British university is called... vice-Chancellor. 15.... life is easier than you would think; all that is necessary is to accept... impossible, do without... indispensable, and bear... intolerable. 16.... Hawaii is... state which is composed of many islands in... middle of... Pacific Ocean. 17. The people of... Hawaiian Islands speak the Polynesian language.

Ex. 101. Translate into English

1. Синоптики сообщают, что погода наконец-то меня­ется к лучшему. 2. Мой друг — неисправимый роман­тик. Он верит во все лучшее в людях. 3. Сейчас я чи­таю роман Ф. Достоевского «Униженные и оскорблен­ные». 4. Чем раньше ты примешь решение, тем лучше. 5. Не говорите плохо об отсутствующих. 6. Чем сильнее буря, тем скорее она пройдет. 7. Он из другого мира, он один из избранных, из привилеги­рованных. 8. — Я космополит. — А я консерватор. 9. Небо было бледно-голубого цвета, а море — темно-зеленого. 10. Моя подруга работает в школе для глу­хонемых. 11. Я смотрю новый сериал — «Дерзкие и красивые». 12. Все мы ищем в этой жизни идеал. 13. У молодых и у старых, у бедных и богатых есть свои радости и свои проблемы. 14. Молодец, ты зас­луживаешь пятерку.

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