The Infinitive and the Gerund

Ex. 558. Comment on the difference between the following pairs of sentences.

1. I like cooking for my family. I'd like to cook something delicious today. 2. The manager stopped speaking on the phone. The manager stopped to pick up the file. 3. He'll never forget meeting Mary for the first time. Don't forget to meet the children after school. 4. They went on talking all night. After college, Andrew went on to study law. 5. If you want to improve your French, you can try watching French films. I am trying to give up smoking. 6. The piano needs tuning. She needs to be very, very careful-7. When I was a kid, I used to play with my neigh' hours' children. When I was a student, I had to get used to reading a lot.

Ex. 559. Answer the questions.

1. What do you like doing in your spare time? 2. What would you like to do tonight? 3. If you want to lose weight, what must you stop doing? 4. What can you remember doing when you were a child? 5. What must you remember to do each day? 6. What do you regret doing in the past? 7. What did the doctor regret to inform the patient's wife about? 8. What did the guests go on doing all night at the party? 9. When you left school, what did you go on to do? 10. What can you try doing if you want to improve your English? 11. If money burns a hole in your pocket, what must you try not to do? 12. If your room is in a mess, what does it need? 13. What does the government need to do to reduce inflation? 14. If you lived in Italy, what would you have to get used to eating?

Ex 560. Make sentences from the given words using either an infinitive or a Gerund.

Model: like, visit — I like to visit my friends. enjoy, speak on the phone — She enjoys speaking on the phone.

1. plan, go 2. consider, study 3. enjoy, look 4. intend, get up 5. seem, be 6. put off, pay 7. forget, call 8. can't afford, lose 9. try, learn 10. need, think 11. would love, meet 12. finish, learn 13. would mind, support 14. hope, go 15. think about, go 16. quit, drink 17. stop, eat 18. postpone, go 19. continue, think 20. keep, try, improve.

561. Answer the questions

1. What do you practise in conversation lessons? 2. When the bell goes at the end of a lesson, what do you finish? 3. What are students busy doing before exams? 4. What do you resume doing after a tea-break? 5. If a person is homesick, who does he miss being with? 6. What is difficult for a shopaholic to resist? 7. Where do you feel like going for your holiday? 8. If your hair is too long,what does it need? 9. If you're tired when you wake up in the morning, what can't you face? 10. What do lazy people waste time doing? 11. What do lazybones resent being forced to do? 12. What does being a guide mean? 13. What does a store detective try to catch people doing? 14. What does a numismatist spend his time doing? 15. What do careless people keep doing?

Ex. 562. Complete the sentences with the Infinitive or Gerund of the verbs in brackets. In some cases both variants are possible.

1. Students need (buy) a lot of books. 2.1 like (give) parties to my friends. 3. It started (snow) in early morning. 4. We'd like (celebrate) our wedding anniversary at the restaurant this year. 5. The tourists finished (pack) at about ten. 6. Are you planning (go) on a holiday this year? 7. I've just begun (read) a novel by B. Bradford. 8. Please stop (crack) nuts! 9. We stopped (buy) a packet of nuts. 10. Did you remember (feed) the fish this morning? 11.1 remember (see) this writer at some conference. 12. Don't worry! I promise (be) on time. 13. What time do you expect (arrive) in Newcastle? 14.1 forgot (lock) the door of my apartment this morning. 15. He forgot (tell) these jokes many times before.

Ex. 563. Change the sentences, using the words in brackets according to the model.

Model: The doctor advised going to bed. (the patient) The doctor advised the patient to go to bed.

1. The Lovedays don't permit watching television, (their children) 2. The travel agent recommends going to Italy. (the holiday makers) 3. The law forbids stealing, (people) 4. The guide recommends visiting the Tate Gallery, (the tourists) 5. They don't permit the feeding of animals, (people) 6. The doctor advised going on a diet, (the patient) 7. They don't allow parking there, (motorists) 8. The teacher advised using an English-Russian dictionary, (the students) 9. They forbid the wearing of make-up, (their daughter) 10. The attendants don't permit the taking of photographs, (visitors) 11. They advised going to a language school, (the аи-pair girl) 12. The hijacker intends flying to South America, (the pilot) 13. They forbid smoking, (their children) 14. The lawyer advised pleading quietly, (his client) 15. They don't allow dancing, (people)

Ex. 564. Complete the sentences with the Infinitive or Gerund of the verbs in brackets.

1. Maxim seems (want) (go) hiking this weekend. 2. The Carters can't afford (go) on such an expensive tour. 3.1 can't stand (wait) in lines for a long time. 4. She hates (go) (shop) on Saturday. 5. My boss refused (give) me a raise, so I stop (work) for him. 6. Tom's tomato crop always failed. Finally he quit (try) (grow) tomatoes in his garden. 7. Would you like (go) (dance) tonight? 8. Jeff expects (go) (fish) this weekend. 9. Alan likes (go) to my presentations. 10. Would you like (go) to my parents' house next Saturday? 11.1 enjoy (teach). Yes, I really enjoy (be) a teacher. 12. The children promised (stop) (make) so much noise. 13.1 need (stay) at home and (study) tonight. 14. Tracey's car needs (wash) and (oil). 15. Don't forget (unplug) the coffee pot, (turn off) all the lights, and (lock) the door before you leave for work.

Ex. 565. Use either the Infinitive or Gerund of the verbs in brackets.

1.1 have always tried (do) my best. 2. — My bolognese sauce always seems tasteless. — Have you ever tried (add) a little sugar to it? 3. Where did you get that money from? I don't remember (give) it to you. 4. Did you remember (post) that letter I gave you? 5. Passengers are forbidden (talk) to the driver. 6. I'd love (meet) you when I am next in Athens. 7. There is a regulation which forbids (smoke) in hospitals. 8. Wouldn't you prefer (stay) in this evening? 9.1 shall never forget (meet) you in Florence when you were with Alan. 10. Don't forget (give) me a ring as soon as you get back. 11. I cannot help (wonder) why she never goes out anywhere. 12. There was a lot to do. Fortunately, Janet agreed to help (prepare) the food. 13.1 don't want to go if it means (change) trains 14. I'm sorry, I didn't mean (interrupt) you. 15., Won't you stay? There's a good match on TV. — no, thanks. I hate (watch) football. 16. Whenever John comes round, I like (cook) something special for him 17. — What do you like best about wintertime? — Well, if it has snowed during the night, I like (get up) early and (go) for a walk in the fresh snow. 18. — Do уоu really like (meet) people? — Not really. I'm rather a shy person.

Ex. 566. Use either Infinitive or the Gerund of the verbs in brackets

1. You must remember (call) at the baker's on your way home because we need (buy) some bread and biscuits. 2. Could you stop (talk) for a moment? I need (concentrate) on this letter. 3.1 hope you haven't forgotten (telephone) the garage because the car badly needs (service). 4. We could try (make) a dash for the car if it would only stop (rain) for a moment. 5. I'm sure you won't regret (buy) the car, even though it needs (paint) and (oil). 6.1 regret (say) that he's clean forgotten ever (promise) me a job. 7.1 don't remember (take) my wallet out of my bag, but I must have done it when I stopped (buy) a paper. 8. As I told you, he's rather deaf, so don't forget (try) (shout) if he doesn't answer the door at first. 9. I've considered (ask) him (raise) my salary but I don't think he can afford (do) it. 10. If the machine happens (stop) (work), just telephone and arrange for the service engineer (call). 11.1 can't help (think) that we shouldn't have agreed (lend) him our car. 12. If you've finished (use) the typewriter, I'd like (borrow) it for a while, so that I can get used to (type) on that machine.

Ex. 567. Translate into English.

1. Он забыл, что звонил мне, и позвонил во второй раз и в конце разговора сказал: «Не забудь позвонить мне вечером». 2. Помню, как мы мечтали о студенческой жизни. Я всегда помню, что нужно позвонить моим друзьям по особым датам. 3. Моя дочь любит гото­вить. Сегодня она хотела бы приготовить пиццу с гри­бами. 4. Многие люди предпочитают оставаться за городом в жаркие дни. А я бы предпочла сейчас уехать к морю. 5. Бабушка запрещает курить в доме. Она разрешает внукам курить на балконе. 6. Он ни­когда не забудет, как впервые встретил ее. 7. Пере­стань укорять меня. Ведь мы остановились, чтобы поговорить. 8. Сожалею, что сказала вам это. С сожа­лением сообщаю вам, что самолет опаздывает на два часа. 9. Они продолжали танцевать всю ночь. Он про­должил учиться, чтобы стать юристом. 10. Если вы хотите усовершенствовать свой английский, вы можете попытаться смотреть фильмы. Я пытаюсь бросить пить кофе. 11. Когда я был ребенком, я имел обыкновение ломать многие игрушки. Когда я была студенткой, мне пришлось привыкать к тому, чтобы много читать. 12. Полы нужно натереть, ковры пропылесосить, а окна помыть.

Participle I

Ex. 568. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the function Participle I.

1.1 saw you dancing, and I'll never be the same again! 2. This novel explores the healing power of love. 3.1 will always be here waiting for you! 4. Her mother was always there for her and for John, advising them when they asked, rooting for them, cheering them on. Meredith had always been mother and father for them both. 5. My days are spent taking books off shelves and putting them back on the shelves. 6. The clock told him it was almost twelve thirty. Throwing down the pencil, he stood up, stretching his long legs. 7. The balloons rose, slowly, big, red and round, hobbling and weaving toward the fluffy white clouds. 8. There was such a freezing cold

wind, and such heavy rain, that we all stayed indoor. 9. Sliding down off the tall stool, she lifted her arrnj above her head, did a few stretching exercises, and then walked across her studio, heading for the kitchen 10. They sat down, continuing to look at her with curiosity. 11. Not giving him an opportunity to start the ball rolling, Meredith jumped in with both feet. 12. Being an architect and a designer, he was an extremely visual man and so it was her looks that had initially attracted him to her. 13.1 spent the evening chatting to a visiting Russian priest. 14. Louise followed two steps behind her sister, mouth rattling non-stop. 15.1 love to watch my city waking up.

Ex. 569. Replace the subordinate clauses by participial phrases

1. As I didn't know Chinese, I had to turn to the guide for help. 2. When it came out of the blue as it did, the question startled her. 3. The boy sat back in his chair, and bit his lower lip, and fought the sudden rush of emotions which filled his throat. 4. He ignored her question and went on reading. 5. Amelia sat quietly and waited for the conversation to come to an end. 6. Dennis got up and left abruptly his breakfast half eaten. 7. The leaves which were falling covered the earth which was waiting for the winter to come. 8. After she took a deep breath, she banged the door open and stood back to wait. 9. Nancy walked over to one of the French windows, stopped there, looked out at the garden, and thought how arresting it looked. 10. He went and threw money around. 11. The old man sat and waited, and watched, and never got tired of his self-appointed task of keeping track of all who passed. 12.1 pulled my tie off and flung it onto the sofa, and stretched out to read the paper, and listened to the crickets chirp, and then I felt the tensions of the workday disappear. 13. We were frustrated, for we had been interpreting since early morning. 14. They watched the sun which was setting and admired the sight.

Ex 570. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the function participle I.

1. Keeping in mind the terrain, the weather, and the length of the hike, decide what you need to take. 2. You shouldn't waste time dwelling on that old situation. 3. Glancing at her, Patsy decided to say no more for the moment. 4. On the way back to Ripon she talked about other things, wanting to take Meredith's mind off her mother. 5. You know, I racked my brains last night, trying to remember the name of the man Kate married. 6. She noticed a handsome grandfather clock standing in a corner. 7. He sat for a long time wandering in a world of dream and memory. 8. Reaching for the kettle, she filled it and put it on the cooktop to boil. 9. At that point, the mother came in carrying a large tray on which were the four suppers. 10.1 lay awake all night, trembling with fear, and eyes wide open in horror, imagining ghosts in every corner. 11. Madagascar is a living zoo. 12. Let sleeping dogs lie. 13. The cat lay sleeping on the floor. 14. People ran in and out of the house, shouting and crying. 15. Sally spends all her time going to parties. 16. Maxim gave the photographs a last lingering glance before running to the door. Picking up his suitcase, he took a deep breath and went out.

Ex 571. Open the brackets using the Infinitive or Participle I.

1. He was silent, staring at her, and she could almost hear his mind (work). 2. Clare found herself (giggle) with him out of sheer nervousness. 3. When they saw me (come), they sprang apart. 4.1 failed to see the guests (leave). 5. I looked out of the window and saw the rain (pour) down on the leafless garden. 6. They heard a key (turn) in a lock and then, suddenly, a light appeared in a light corner; a trap-door was being opened, letting in the light. They could see a strong hand (push) it up, and Dick raised his crossbow, waiting for somebody (appear).

7. After an hour's rest I felt the tensions of the workday (disappear). 8. She glanced back and saw the stranger (follow) her slowly. 9. I saw the cup (slip) from her hand and (fall) to the floor. 10. We felt it (come) for a long time. 11. Helen returned to the hostel from the University to find her roommates (have) a surprise party. 12. The police saw the agent (stop) and (take) a few shots. 13. The parents watched their kids (laugh, talk and enjoy) themselves on the green lawn. 14.1 saw the unhappy young man (sit) with a miserable expression. 15. We noticed him (give) a start and (turn) pale. 16.1 felt as if I could feel her heart (beat). And then, all of a sudden, I heard her heart (stop) (beat). 17.1 walked happily through the streets (watch) the town come to life.

Ex. 572. Translate into English

1 Я видел, как ты танцуешь, и я никогда этого не за­буду. 2. Я слышал, что ты прекрасно танцуешь. 3. Мы слышали, что она прекрасно станцевала во вчерашнем спектакле «Щелкунчик». 4. Хозяйка наблюдала, как ее гости упаковывали чемоданы и видела, что им было очень жаль уезжать. 5. Я чувствую, что ты не согла­сен со мной, и это меня огорчает. 6. Я чувствовал, что что-то двигалось в комнате, и увидел большую бабоч­ку, летавшую под люстрой. 7. Он почувствовал, как кто-то шумно дышит за его спиной. 8. Мы почувствовали, что у него есть чувство юмора. 9. Она чувствовала, что подходит для этой работы (to be fit for). 10. Присут­ствие молодой девушки заставляло его чувствовать себя молодым. 11. Я верю, что это важно. 12. Мы на­чали рассказывать шутки, и это позволило нам ско­ротать время. 13. Через некоторое время он заметил, что его преследует полицейская машина. Он почув­ствовал, как у него заколотилось сердце. 14. Я почув­ствовала, как у меня камень свалился с души. 15. Мы слышали, что они уехали в Лондон. Вот бы и нам ^с ними! 16. Вы когда-нибудь слышали кого-либо гово рящим по-креольски? 17. Я считаю его экспертом в этой области. 18. Мы почувствовали, как кофе закй пает, и поспешили на кухню. 19. Вернувшись домой, он обнаружил, что дети лечили собачку. 20. Они ус­лышали, как сработала ночная сигнализация, и уви­дели двух охранников, бежавших ко входу в банк. 21. Она поймала себя на том, что опять думала о нем.

Ex, 573. Read and translate the sentences Point out the verbal

1. At the core of Internet is a sharing of information. 2. It's the getting of the American visas, Theodora. Very difficult it is. 3. Thanks to Fred we no longer had the difficult financing. 4. The committee pretends to ignore all the kidding. 5. Something tells me that these young men should have a talking to. 6. You know that our parents will kill you if you ruin the new wall-to-wall carpeting. 7. The barking and howling of the dog kept me awake. 8. The man's shouting scared me to death. 9. A born flunky,Fernando loved gossip and the telling of it. 10. Blanche interrupted her musings. 11. The insistent ringing of the telephone awakened Meredith with a sudden start. 12. Then the clapping grew louder and the singing became more enthusiastic. 13. This story is not about the suffering of great heroes, or the sufferings of the mighty. 14. The sobbing of the two women slowly began to subside. 15. She was seized by a terrible weeping. 16. "I'm the one who's been doing most of the talking," she said with an apologetic smile. 17. And the bickering. How did you close your eyes to that? 18. We have a chance for a gathering today. 19. The monotonous ticking of the clock told Dina she had little time to waste. 20. In two or three years with the proper coaching she could be brought up to university standard.

Ex. 574. Read and translate the sentences

1.1 must say that nobody seems to really listen anymore. Except you. You're the best listener I've ever known. But if you are the one doing all the talking then you don't learn anything. 2. One of the things that had given him the most satisfaction in the past nine months since the shooting was the healing of the rift between his daughter and himself. 3. Alison began singing. While

the singing was under way, Teddy sat in a chair near the fire. 4. Waiting was all she could do now. But there were times, like this morning, when she could hardly bear the waiting. 5. Anybody watching the comings and goings at the house would have thought it was a hotel!

The detective observed the suspicious comings and goings of the men with interest. 6. Neither spoke for a moment, then he said, "Congratulations again on winning the Oscar for Best Actress. I did drop you a note in April, I hope you received it." "Yes, thank you," Camilla replied,

smiling, and then she began telling him about the making of the movie for which she had won the Oscar. 7. There's a pounding on Matthew's door, and Amanda flings the door open, her heart beating violently. 8. He had survived the shooting by the skin of his teeth, and when he began recovering from the shock, he made a promise to himself to change his life completely. 9. Looking through the accounts, Emma realized that Meredith would be doing all the decorating. 10. The people around began applauding. The roar of the crowd and the cheering were deafening. 11. The decision making was on a much more personal level and people were excited about making exciting programmes. 12. "She's very creative, especially when it comes to marketing the inns." "True. And I'm usually stuck with the plumbing." "And the decorating.

Let's not forget that, Meredith. You know you love designing the inns, remodeling them, putting your own personal stamp on them." 13. While burglary is the stealing of property from a place, robbery is the stealing of property from a person.

Ex. 575. Read and translate the sentences. Define the verbals and their functions.

1. Not wanting to stir up bad memories, he said carefully > "I got the impression you didn't have a very good child' hood." 2. The cause of your tiredness is an emotional problem. Or you could be depressed without knowing it. 3. Closing her eyes, she tried to push the fear away, not understanding why she was so frightened. 4. It's easy to get injured in a football match without knowing how it happened. 5. Since I live in the land of political correctness, my car is the only place where I can smoke without getting dirty looks. 6. Not willing to take "no" for an answer, Norris came up with a plan. 7. Not knowing quite how to begin, she started in a roundabout way. 8. The boy made it home without running into more trouble. 9. Without ever having been told, he knew intuitively that Irina would be closely tied to the movement. 10. Maxim glanced at the first page and put the paper down, not being in the mood to read it. 11. Not a day went by without her thinking of them. 12. One day, as she was scolding me, I suddenly threw a question at her. The words just came out without my planning to say them. 13. Not giving him a chance to say another word, Meredith walked rapidly to the elevator. 14. Forgive me for bursting in on you like this without warning. 15. After hanging up the coat in the hall closet, Teddy crept gingerly up the stairs, having no wish to disturb her aunt. 16. On the doorstep, Harry Potter rolled over inside his blankets without waking up. The boy slept on, not knowing he was special, not knowing he was famous, not knowing he would be woken in a few hours' time by Mrs.'s scream as she opened the front door to put out the milk bottles.

Ex 576. Translate into English.

1. Никогда не подписывайте бумаги, предварительно не прочитав их. 2. Не зная ни имени, ни адреса де­вушки, он боялся, что никогда ее не найдет. 3. Его направили в полицейский участок без предъявления каких-либо обвинений. 4. Ребенок разбирал новую игрушку, не скрывая своего любопытства. 5. Нельзя купить эту картину, прежде чем она будет выставлена на вернисаже. 6. Она никогда не может вымыть по­суду, чтобы чего-нибудь не разбить. 7. То, что у меня не было друзей, осложнило ситуацию. За меня неко­му было поручиться. 8, Альпинисты двигались к вер­шине, не обращая внимания ни на палящее солнце, ни на снежные лавины. 9. Не желая привлекать чье­го-либо внимания, агент затерялся в толпе. 10. Не уз­нав меня, она прошла мимо. 11. Они взялись за дело, не осознавая, к чему это может привести. 12. Не ожи­дая дальнейших указаний, полицейские бросились к самолету. 13. Они не подходят друг другу. Они и пяти минут не могут провести вместе, чтобы не поссорить­ся. 14. Дождь идет уже целую неделю и, кажется, не собирается остановиться. 15. Они вошли, не постучав, и остановились как вкопанные, не веря своим глазам.

Ex. 577, Read and translate the sentences. Find Nominative Absolute

Constructions and state their functions

1. Eyes bright, Peg shot up her head. 2. Nose in the air, she walked right past me. 3. Head down, the bull charged straight at the man. 4. Chin on his chest, Finch dozed. 5. My fears laid to rest, I climbed into the plane for my first solo flight. 6.1 stood on the deck,the wind whipping my hair. 7. His voice breaking with emotion, Ed thanked us for the award. 8. The naughty boy was carried upstairs, arms waving and legs kicking. 9. Arms linked, the two women walked over to the sofa, and sat down. 10. Now she stood at the front door, her hand on the brass knocker.

11. Pulling open the door leading into the hall, Maxim suddenly stopped dead, one foot poised on the step. 12. "Don't tell me he's proposed to you already!" Ketti cried, sitting up in the bed, her eyes flashing and flying open in surprise and alarm. 13. My knuckles white, my hair standing on end, my stomach heaving, I gripped the wheel of the skidding car. 14. Horns honking, truck drivers yelling, policemen whistling, the traffic inched along. 15. Forehead wrinkled, mouth pursed, watch ticking, Reese studied the board. 16. Shoulders hunched, hair streaming in the wind, toes curled over the edge of the board, Jackie rode the big wave. 17. Catherine sat studying the illustration on her drawing board, her head held on one side, her eyes narrowed slightly as she assessed her work.

Ex, 578. Make up sentences or situations, using the following ases as Nominative Absolute Constructions

The weather being unusually hot, the situation being urgent, the experiment proving fruitless, there being no witnesses, the inspection revealing new details, the circumstances being favourable, it being rather frosty, this done, introductions over, such being the state of things, there being no way out, the reception over, her mind turning again to business, no one in sight.

Ex. 579. Comment on the participles in the following extracts.

1. She sat waiting patiently, watching Kate moving with swiftness, bringing plates of sandwiches and scones to the table, turning off the whistling kettle, pouring hot water onto the tea leaves in the brown teapot, which, as Kate always said, made the tea taste all that much better.2. All through that weekend, as Teddy watched them enjoying so many different things together, talking about football, cricket, flying, sport cars, she came to understand how much Maxim must have missed a masculine influence in his life at home, with only her and Aunt Ketti to keep him company. 3. Walking to school in the mornings, Charlie could see great stabs of chocolate piled up high in the shop windows, and he would stop and stare and press his nose against the glass, his mouth watering like mad. Many times a day, he would see other children taking bars of creamy chocolate out of their pockets and munching them greedily, and that, of course, was pure torture. 4. The child nodded her understanding and reached for a sausage roll, eating it slowly but with great relish. Once she had finished, she sat eyeing the plates of sandwiches hungrily. There were various kinds cucumber, polony, tomato and egg salad. Mari's mouth watered, but because her mother had taught her manner had told her never to grab for food greedily, she waited for a second or two,sipped the glass of milk her mather had placed next to her plate. Presently, when she thought enough time had elapsed, she reached for cucumber sandwich and bit into it, savouring its moist crispiness. 5. Meredith walked over to the window, stood looking out at the garden, her mind on her mother. Turning around, she gave Eunice a penetrating look and asked, "Did you ever run into my mother in the ensuing years?" 6. Charlie's grandparents were over ninety. All days long they lay huddled in their one bed, dozing the time away with nothing to do. But as soon as they heard the door opening, and heard Charlie's voice, saying, "Good evening", all of them would suddenly sit up, and their faces would light up with smiles of pleasure — and the talking would begin. For they loved this little boy. Often, Charlie's mother and father would come in as well, and stand by the door, listening to the stories that the old people told, and this room would become a happy place, and the whole family would forget that they were hungry and poor.

Ex. 580. Translate into English

1. Картины, висящие в этом зале, принадлежат кис­ти Левитана, Поленова, Коровина. 2. Картины, висев­шие в зале номер пять, сейчас реставрируются. 3. Пла­тье, выставленное в витрине магазина, стоит целое со­стояние. 4. Платье, висевшее в витрине магазина' исчезло. 5. Девочка, качающаяся на качелях, — моя внучка. 6. Мальчик, катавшийся здесь на велосипе де, убежал купаться на речку. 7. Вчера была откры' та новая линия метро, соединяющая этот район с цен тром города. 8. Панамский канал, соединяющий Ти хий океан с Атлантическим океаном, был официально открыт в 1920 году. 9. Вертолет, летящий над шоссе, преследует черный джип. 10. Самолет, летевший в Бразилию, исчез из поля зрения час назад. 11. Сту­денты-медики не могли не восхищаться хирургом, проводившим эту уникальную операцию. 12. Хирург, сделавший эту операцию, обещал пациенту быстрое выздоровление. 13. Его внимание привлекла девуш­ка, сидевшая напротив него в метро. 14. Девушка, сидевшая напротив него в вагоне, вдруг встала и выш­ла. 15. Через открытую дверь мы могли слышать студентов, репетировавших новогодний концерт. 16. Студенты, готовившиеся к фонетическому конкур­су, уже ушли.

Ex. 581. Read the text, find the verbals and comment on them.

"I just knew I had to find the will to continue living somehow." — Stevie let out a long sigh, wishing she knew of a way to help her son. It was a heavy burden to carry. Without thinking twice, or weighing the odds, and speaking from the heart, Stevie went on. "I hope I'm far too big a woman to hold a grudge against you. Grudges are petty. They're the tools of the weak and the small-minded in this world."

"Mother, I don't know how to redeem myself in your eyes," Nigel said, searching her face. — "By doing a good job at the store, my son. By looking after your children and loving them well. By loving your brothers and sister. By standing tall, Nigel, and being the man I know you can be." — "I will try. Now I will do it. I will." She touched his cheek gently. "Love is so important in all of our lives... and I mean all kinds of love, not just the romantic kind. Love has such tremendous healing powers."

She knew now that he had a good chance of getting back on his feet. Work was a great antidote to sorrow; she had discovered that for herself. And his children, too, would give him a reason to live.

(after B. Bradford)

Ex. 582. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the difference in the functions of the verbals

1. Being short-sighted, she wears contact lenses. Being short-sighted can cause problems. 2. Reaching the crest of the hill, we stopped to admire the view. Reaching the crest of the hill will take all my strength. 3. Being rather absent-minded, he tends to forget things. Being absent-minded can cause serious troubles. 4. Having no money, they decided to stay at home. Having no money can't stop them from marrying. 5. Not having a work permit, he couldn't get a job. Not having a work permit can be the reason for being refused. 6. Fastening their seat belts, they prepared to land. Fastening your seat belt is a must when the plane takes off and lands. 7. Feeling tired, I decided to go to bed. Feeling tired is no excuse for being rude to your children. 8. Being ambitious, he hopes to get promotion. Being ambitious is the driving force to success.

Ex. 583 Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the right form of Participle I

1. She blushed because she was embarrassed. 2.1 left the party early because I felt out of place. 3. The little boy tore his trousers when he climbed up the tree. 4. The students were bored so they started to fidget. 5.1 was caught unawares and I was at a loss for words. 6. She was unable to sleep so she took a couple of sleeping pills. 7. The police couldn't make an arrest as they didn't have enough evidence. 8. The children had to go back to school because the holidays were over. 9. As I'd already eaten, I wasn't hungry. 10. After the Prime Minister had lost the election, he resigned. 11. As I'd enjoyed the book, I decided to see the film. 12. He had to climb through the window because he had lost the key. 13.1 don't know whether I like it or not because I haven't tried it before. 14. Now that the student has passed First Certificate, she's hoping to take the Proficiency. 15. As she has been late for work every day, she's in danger of losing her job.

584. Change the sentences according to the model.

Model: The weather was bad so they decided to stay at home. — The weather being bad, they decided to stay at home.

The demand for cars has fallen because petrol has gone up in price. — Petrol having gone up in price, the demand for cars has fallen.

1. There was a queue so they had to wait. 2. It was late so they decided to go home. 3. After the programme had finished, they went to bed. 4. As the boss was out, the secretary took the message. 5. All the shops were closed because it was Sunday. 6. After the film started, everyone stopped talking. 7. Her husband committed adultery so she decided to get a divorce. 8. There was no coffee left so they had tea instead. 9. The castle was haunted so nobody wanted to live there. 10. After the operation had been completed, the patient was wheeled back to the ward. 11. It was the height of the season so all the hotels were full. 12. A lot of people have given up smoking because cigarettes have gone up in price. 13. The student forgot the meaning of the word so he had to look it up in the dictionary. 14. As I didn't want the responsibility of deciding, I tossed a coin. 15. As the driver was caught exceeding the speed limit, he had to pay a fine.

Participle II

Ex. 585. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the functions of Participle II

1. The clipped, dark green hedges of the garden were covered with a light frosting of snow. 2. There was a collection of blue and white porcelain effectively arranged on an oak console table. 3. Raised in Wyoming, David sometimes writes songs about sad cowboys. 4. The wounded were transported in a jam-packed lorry. 5. Where are you? I am totally lost without you. 6. Where have you been? What have you seen? 7. Lost in the world 339

of imagination, I forgot my sad, lonely existence f_{0r ft} while. 8. He was tired of sitting, and he felt cramped after the drive from Paris. 9. The figure outlined against the sky seemed unable to move. 10. The mouse, frightened, darted off into a hole. 11. Shocked into silence, they kept their gaze fixed on the odd creature. 12. Left behind at the office, Dolores wept over the scattered papers. 13. The socks lost in the dryer were her favourites. 14. The girl sat silently as if transported into another world. 15. He forgets everything. He must have his head tested. The sooner the better. 16. We took care to have the gate washed. 17. My dentist advises me to have my teeth cupped. 18. "Gone with the Wind" is a fascinating and unforgettable book. 19. She arrived at her father-in-law's office unannounced. He looked startled and put out by her unexpected visit, but being a gentleman of the old school, he invited her into his inner office. 20. The child sat on a rock perched high up on the river's bank. Elbows on knees, chin cupped in hands, she sat perfectly still, her eyes turned on the family of ducks circling around on the surface of the dark water, listening to the splashes of water rushing down the dappled stones of the river's bed. 21. "Money shared makes love grow stronger, money given kills it dead," Celeste held it firm.

Ex. 586. Complete the sentences with the expressions from the list below.

1. I'm starving! The only thing I... in at the moment is food. 2. The students... in many extracurricular activities. 3. Adam... to his childhood sweetheart. 4. The committee... to the new tax plan. 5. My earrings... of gold. 6. — Where is my purse? — It...! — Oh no, not again! 7. What's the matter, boys?... you...? 8. The day before Christmas, the stores... with last-minute shoppers. 9. George isn't doing well in school this semester. He... about his grades. 10. My T-shirt... of cotton. 11. Unfortunately I... not -for that job. 12. Richard loves his family very much. He... to them. 13. Water... of hydrogen and oxygen 14. Vietnam... in Southeast Asia. 15. What a hectic life! I.... be crowded, be made, be lost, be worried, be made, be interested, be involved,, be gone, be qualified, be devoted, be composed, be engaged, be opposed, be exhausted, be located

Ex.587. Change the sentences so as to use Participle II

1. The events and the characters which are described in this book are purely fictional. 2. The house, which was built two hundred years ago, stood in a long green valley. 3. He applied for a job. It was advertised in the paper. 4. The bride walked down the aisle. She was accompanied by her father. 5. The millionaire bought a picture. It was painted by Picasso. 6. They were driven from the country by persecution. They had to emigrate. 7. He was disowned by his parents. He was forced to stand on his own feet. 8. They were disappointed with the meal. They complained to the manager. 9. The tourist was arrested for shoplifting. She had to pay a fine. 10. The suspect was arrested by the police. He turned out to be the wrong man. 11. The church was built in the fifteenth century. It's in need of repair. 12. The old painting was found in a dustbin. It turned out to be worth a fortune. 13. You borrowed the books from the library. They're now overdue. 14. Napoleon was born in 1769. He was Emperor of France. 15. The girl went to the party. Her boyfriend accompanied her. 16. His words had the effect which he desired.

Ex,588. Comment on the function of Participle II

1.I slaved all my life to have my sons educated. 2. The king had the conspirators shot. 3. If you leave the door open, you will have your house robbed. 4. He is so slow that he never gets his work done. 5.1 had my foot caught in the door and couldn't get it free. 6. It took four men to have the piano removed to the upper floor. 7. This book will soon get finished. 8. — What's the time? Isn't it time you had your watch repaired? 9. The shop had the labels made for the new collection. 10. She had Gerald cornered and he had to tell her everything. 11. Тhe family has come to the church to have the Easter cake and the eggs hallowed. 12. If you can't beat them, arrange to have them beaten.

Ex. 589. Read the dialogue and comment on the phrases in bold type

(Helen and Igor are watching TV, but the TV set is not working very well, so the picture on the screen is not very clear.)

Igor: This stupid TV! I just had it fixed a couple of days ago.

Helen: What did you have done to it?

I: I had a new picture tube installed. It cost a lot of money. Not only that, they made me wait for two weeks.

H: Who did you have to fix it? I won't go to them next time my TV breaks.

I: The repair shop around the corner.

H: I bet you went crazy without your TV.

I: Yeah, I did. I guess I'm a TV addict.

H: How can I get you to turn this thing off? There's nothing but garbage on TV now anyway. Let's go out.

I: You're right. Look at that commercial. Stupid commercials like that one make me want to throw this set out of the window.

H: That commercial may be stupid, but it's very persuasive. Even simple-minded commercials get people to buy things that they don't really need.

I: Yeah, there are too many ads on TV. I think the government should make the networks reduce the number of commercials.

H: And here's another problem. Most parents let their kids watch too much TV. When I was a kid, my parents only let me watch one programme a night. They made me turn it off after an hour.

I: I know watching TV is really a waste of time. I should have the garbage collectors come and take this TV away.

H: Oh, come on, Igor. You'll never give up watching TV.

Ex, 590. A. Complete the following sentences using the verbs get or something done.

1.1 must get to the optician's to.... 2. She went to the dentist to.... 3. This coat is too long. I will.... 4. The piano is out of tune. You must.... 5. Teresa will have to run to the chemist's to.... 6. Hard work is the best way to.... 7. As Bill couldn't find a suit to fit him, he had to.... 8. This article is too long, I shall never.... 9. If someone touched a hot iron, he.... 10. The work of a lazy man never.... 11. Let us... this business... as soon as possible. 12. You will ruin your reputation if.... 13.1 must take my dog Patrick to the vet's to.... 14. Peter's wife can't stand his beard. So he is going to the barber's to.... 15. We need a special cake for the wedding. We must go to the confectioner's to....

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