Chapter VIII. THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

TНЕ PRINCIPAL MEMBERS OF THE SENTENCE

The Subject

Ex 610. Find the subjects in the sentences and say what they are expressed by Translate the sentences

1. Life is full of compensations. 2. Nancy is my close friend. 3. She found this hard to believe. 4. Everything that lay before us was new and mysterious. 5. Yours was a clever choice. 6. Reading is a way of learning things. 7. What I mean is that we should compromise. 8. To accept this offer is to radically change your life. 9. Thirteen is a tricky number: with some nations it means good luck, with others bad luck. 10. The rich and the powerful rule this country. 11. There are fashions in language learning. 12. Your constant perhapses and might-have-beens irritate me. 13. It was a pleasant surprise. 14. Shopping is my life. 15. To have been hit under the belt by your closest friend must have been a shock for you, Andrew.

Ex. 611. Analyse the pronoun it used as the subject in the following sentences

1. It doesn't matter. 2. It was very pleasant on the river's bank. 3. It's raining here at the moment. 4. — Who was that you were speaking to? — It was only the postman.

5. It took Stephen some time to work out what she meant. 6. It is impossible to make any decision. 7. He gave her an engagement ring. It was beautiful, very expensive, too. 8. The strike went on for over a year. Finally it was settled. 9. It seemed like a good idea. 10. The punishment wasn't severe. It was a three-month stay in prison. 11. We've just got urgent information. It can explain everything. 12. It's unexplainable, don't even try to do it. 13. It's vitally important that you give up smoking. It has become too bad for your lungs. 14. It's hard to believe that you are leaving us for such a long stretch of time. 15. It's an antique vase. It's very, very old.

Ex. 612. Insert there or it

1.... are about forty of us, sir. 2.... is a big group, of about twenty. 3.... was a new cushion on one of the settees. 4.... was a cute cushion embroidered by my grandmother. 5.... was not a tree in sight. 6.... was a lonely place. 7.... is a reason for everything. 8.... is a very sound reason, Paul, you may leave now. 9.... is a very sound excuse for my being late, Mary. Do forgive me! 10.... is nothing new under the moon. 11.... is as old as the world. 12.... was raining cats and dogs on Monday but... was still so much work to do in town. 13. —... never rains, but... pours. — Yes, one unhappy event is followed by another unfortunate event. 14. — Is... snowing outside? —... a lot of snow in the streets. 15. —... is something you are hiding from me, I feel it. —... is purely your fantasy,... is nothing to hide, especially from you. 16.... was an ordinary house, but in that ordinary house... lived an extraordinary wizard*. 17. According to modern standards... is a big family-... are four children in it. 18.... are 450.000 words in the English language.... is the richest language in the world.

* a wizard — a magician, a person of extraordinary powers.

Ex. 613. Make sentences with emphatic it according to the model There can be more than one variant

Model She told me the truth (only) many years later.

It was to me that she told the truth many years later.

It was only many years later that she told me the truth.

1. Undoubtedly, he did it. 2. Mr. Nickolson himself offered me the vacancy. 3. Brian wants a new bicycle. 4. Victor met Victoria m the year two thousand. 5.1 don't like meat, I like fish. 6. Susan isn't studying languages, she's studying law. 7. We need your help badly. 8. Daniel particularly liked Nabokov's works. 9. She escaped danger by listening to intuition. 10. Andy's quick reaction saved the mountaineers. 11. Jane remembered her childhood years with nostalgic feelings. 12.1 met Christopher on my way to the publisher's.

The Predicate

Ex. 614. Read and translate the sentences State the types of predicates in them

I. It takes a long time to learn a language. 2. My niece has been taking music lessons for a year already. 3. The storm started all of a sudden. 4. They started to work enthusiastically. 5. They stopped talking when the teacher entered the classroom. 6. He can't stop loving her. 7. Every year he met with his classmates. They would sit to table, have a special supper and remember the good old times. 8. When I was a schoolgirl, my mother used to give me a lift to the school. 9. Sue, dear, this young man must have been waiting for you outside for two hours already. 10. Bob looks like a punk. II. This novel was a bestseller last year. 12. Jessica looks elegant in the new suit. 13. She turned pale, the news was too bitter. 14. The strawberries look beautiful and taste delicious. I adore them. 15. Nora gave me an odd look. 16. Now we are having a very lazy time. 17. If I make a mistake, correct me. 18. He gave Henry a hearty wink and strode off.

Ex. 615. Say what parts of speech the predicatives are expressed by in the following sentences

1. This is a "cheer up" book. 2. The Renoirs in this museum are priceless. 3. Mrs. Norris is a great cat-lover. 4. This film was awfully funny. 5. You look great today! 6. The new manager is about thirty. 7. Chris became a computer whizz. 8. Your task is to find the right man to do the job. 9. I am scared, I really am. 10. It was them who did it. 11. The biggest problem in life is choosing. 12. It's getting cold. 13. He felt lonely. 14. This perfume smells fantastic! 15. Harry's mouth fell open as the full impact of what he was seeing hit him. 16. It's up to you. 17. My French is very rusty.

Ex. 616. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the difference between the words in bold type

1.1 feel good. I feel well. 2. The train arrived early. The train was early. 3. You look good in that hat. You look well as usual. 4. Yesterday was rainy. We met yesterday.

5. Home was a welcome sight. Do you want to go home?

6. Downtown is covered with smoke. She drives down­town every day. 7. Those were hard times. They do try hard. He was so weak, he could hardly walk. 8. We took a fast train. News travels pretty fast. 9. His is a fast car. How fast can you do it? 10. The exam was extremely hard. Think hard about what I'm offering. She had hardly any money. 11. He gave me a friendly smile. Ho smiled at me in a friendly way. 12. Richard has a high social status. That is a highly difficult sum. 13. The Volga is a deep river. We are deeply touched by your kindness. 14. No problem, I can do it easily. It's not an easy question.

Ex. 617. Comment on the types of predicates in the following sentences.

l.The show was entertaining. 2. The clown wa^ entertaining the children. 3. Who broke this news to you 4. He is completely broken today. 5. God knows I want to be free. 6. You can talk freely, we are all friends. 7. Let's get out of here, I'm freezing. 8. This pond usually freezes in winter. 9. The gardener explained that the stream had run dry some ten years before and the garden had run wild too. 10. They were shouting and fighting wildly. 11. The door stood open. 12. The book stood the test of time. 13. She feels uncertain about it. 14. We are still feeling our way. 15. Truant children run wild. 16. He runs his own business perfectly. 17. The question remains open.

Ex,618. Fill in the blanks with one of the following link-verbs

1. In the middle of the talk the line... dead. 2. She counted to one hundred to... cool.

3. The detective... motionless behind the door. 4. Carl Ray's mouth sort of... open.

5. That dog... me crazy. 6. It... reasonable to me. 7. The music... too loud. 8. His words... true. 9. The words, unfortunately,... unspoken. 10. She... icy cold. 11. I think your memory... deeply buried, repressed. 12. It... a capital idea. 13. They... impatient. 14. To everybody's surprise, he... a feminist. 15. The book... open at the end. 16. The sounds... sharp and clear in the quiet of the evening. 17. Dad... frantic. 18. The North Sea oil revenues.. dry. 19. But today, nothing was going to... wrong. 20. His face... from red to green like a set of traffic lights.

was going, became, grew, fell, went, stayed, felt, go, rang, sounded, seems, drives, run, stood, dropped, stay, went, remained, appears, rang

Ex. 619. Translate into English

1. Он был тверд в своем решении. 2. Вопрос остается открытым. 3. Дом оставался пустым в течение двад­цати лет. 4. Лицо Макса стало кирпично-красным. 5. Пойми, твое поведение сводит с ума твоих родите­лей. 6. Он выглядел победоносно. 7. Мальчик торже­ствующе посмотрел на всех. 8. Уши Рона стали пун­цовыми. 9. Металл оставался твердым (solid). 10. У Гарри онемело все тело. 11. Дверь моментально распах­нулась. 12. У меня вдруг пересохло во рту. 13. Подо­шла официантка, и обе женщины умолкли. 14. В чем дело? Ты вдруг так побледнела. 15. Он разорился. 16. Ре­бенок заболел на прошлой неделе. 17. Яблоко кислое на вкус. 18. Этот ручей пересыхает летом. 19. Сад при­шел в запустение. 20. Иногда слова могут звучать так холодно. 21. Эти ягоды так хорошо пахнут.

Ex. 620. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the predicates in them

1. Take it easy! 2. In the morning we discovered that the river had frozen solid during the night. 3. It serves him right. 4. They painted the door green. 5. Mrs. Weasley seemed to go on crying for so long that she had shouted herself hoarse. 6. If you enter deep into my world, you'll sink low. 7.1 thought I was going to faint dead away right there. 8. He was frozen stiff and he was hungry. 9. The girl slapped her book shut and rose. 10. She climbed out of the tub and toweled herself dry. 11. He was buried alive. 12. The police caught the robbers red-handed. 13. Now, don't get me wrong. 14. The pizza was served hot. 15. Love me tender, love me sweet! 16.1 like my coffee white. 17. Why does he write so good? 18. Dig deep into the heart of English. 19. He drank the bottle dry. 20. You'll have to judge it cold. 21. He kept it fresh in everyone's mind by constantly talking about it. 22. Caught by surprise, the boy fell hard on the concrete floor. 23. Dudley had laughed himself silly at Harry. 24. He woke early the next morning, but for some time kept his eyes shut tight. 25. The bank promises to keep my money safe.

Ex. 621. Make sentences with double predicates out of the following gntences.

I. The sun shone. It was bright and warm. 2. The strawberries arrived. They were fresh and delicious. 3. She went away when she was quite a child; she returned when she was a grown-up person. 4. She flushed. Her face was crimson. 5. Around the house the leaves fell. They were thick. 6. The trees showed against the sky. They were sharp. 7. The sunlight sifted through the pines. It was golden and heavy. 8. The sun sank into the sea. It was huge and crimson. 9. The clouds flew across the sky. They were quick and fluffy. 10. The words came. They were sharp and quick. II. They painted the door. It was white. 12. The lasagna was served. It was hot. 13. The snow lay under the trees. It was thick. 14. Take it and stay (be) easy. 14. Love me and be tender. 15.1 want to go into this matter. I want to be deep in it. 16. Uncle Vernon slammed the door and it was shut. 18. Nicholas sat, and he was bolt upright. 19. The boy sat on the sofa. He was frozen with fear. 20. He stopped. He looked as if he were dead. 21. People gazed at the sky. They were open-mouthed.

Ex. 622. Read the sentences and give their Russian equivalents.

1. Still waters run deep. 2. The new broom sweeps clean. 3. Take it easy. 4. Go slow, go easy, look before you leap. 5. The words cut deep into her very soul. 6. The detective is trying to dig deep into the matter. 7. Raising teenagers right is not an easy thing. 8.1 like my coffee black. 9. There are some things that sit so heavy on my conscience.

Ex 623. Translate into English

1. Относитесь к этому легче! 2. Снег лежал толстым слоем под деревьями. 3. Я хочу вырваться из твоей жизни (break free). 4. Солнце погрузилось в море, ог ромное и пунцовое. 5. Ее отец умер бедным челове­ком, и после этого семья распалась. 6. Тут и там окна светились желтым светом в темноте. 7. Корабль был отправлен налегке за грузом табака. 8. В ту ночь Гар. ри долго лежал без сна. 9. Книги лежали забытыми на столе. 10. Как правило, держите лекарства в про. хладном месте. 11. Слова не идут легко. 12. Его на­шли без сознания на полу. 13. Мать Эрика умерла молодой, и мальчик даже не помнил ее лица. 14. Их сын вернулся из экспедиции взрослым мужчиной. 15. Взошла луна, огромная и яркая. 16. Он стоял, ни­кем не замеченный, в углу комнаты. 17. Журнал ле­жал открытым на столе. 18. Она лежала совершен­но закоченевшая. 19. После чудесного обеда я отпра­вился спать счастливым человеком. 20. Если мне не изменяет память, самолет вылетает во вторник утром. 21. Новая метла по-новому метет. 22. Огромные бо­гатства лежат скрытыми на дне океана.

Ex. 624. Choose the right word.

1. The child feels... and behaves.... (bad, badly) 2. The girl spoke.... Hey, that's really.... (cool, coolly) 3. It's... money, you can lose it.... (easy, easily) 4. Marion had... any money left. She works... at keeping herself fit. He is a... nut to crack, (hard, hardly) 5. All people are... the same. What is your... aim in life? (basic, basically) 6. It's a... truth. It was... true, (universal, universally) 7. They were kissing.... She burst out into... sobbing, (passionate, passionately) 8.1 feel... in such cases. They stared... at the wounded man. (helpless, helplessly) 9. The kids looked... after a month in the country. We enjoyed the... squeezed orange juice, (fresh, freshly) 10. For the next few days the weather remained.... We could hear the voices quite.... (clear, clearly) 11. His words had an... effect. I have to call my lawyer.... (immediate, immediately) 12. He was a... sick person. This doctor treats... patients. I must make a... note not to forget to book tickets, (mental, mentally)

Ex, 625. Correct the sentences.

I. Nobody knows where is he. 2. This diagram shows us how is it done. 3.1 am not sure when is he coming. 4. Mel isn't certain why has he done it. 5. We can't understand what is he saying. 6.1 haven't the slightest idea what is his job. 7. They don't know what is the reason. 8. Can anyone tell me where does he live? 9.1 wonder what does she do for a living. 10. Nobody knows what is the date. II. I can't understand what is the matter. 12. Does anyone know what is his address? 13. I'm sorry, but I still don't know who are you.

WORD ORDER. INVERSION

Ex 626. Read and translate the sentences. Find and comment on cases of inversion or stylistic emphasis.

1. Little did the children guess what a weird and mysterious end to the day was now approaching. 2. Had Aunt Phoebe known when she bought this present what it really was, she would have preferred to buy something different. 3. No sooner had his head touched the pillow than he was as good as asleep, and no sooner had he opened his eyes in the morning than he was out of bed and hunting for his socks. 4. Never before in her short life had Molly dressed so quickly. 5. "Get up, Jack, quickly! Only do be quick, quick!" 6. But remember she did, and found herself explaining it to her brother. 7. "I don't know, " said old Nancy, with a puzzled frown. "Never before have I missed doing the spell at sunset." 8. On, on the Grey Pumpkin rolled, down the hill from the City. 9. "He does do dreadful things," said Grace. 10. Oh, I do hope and trust you will be successful, my dears. 11. Sit you down, dearies, and rest yourselves and we'll have things ready in no time for you. 12. "Poor 371

old father," said Glan, compassionately, "it does upset him so." 13. Evening came and no sign of the Black Leaf had they found. 14. And not until Molly had emptied a big bowl of hot bread and milk would she let her say _a word of thanks or explanation. 15. Of course, it does rain sometimes in Jamaica — that's why the jewel island is so green.

Ex. 627. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the cases of inversion.

1. Never in her wildest dreams had she thought she would ever be married to him. 2. Under no circumstances are you going to make any changes in this apartment as it suits me very well! 3. You imagined it, Reed. Never in a million years would I lead you to believe such a thing. 4. Little does he know of the hard fight for existence which rages among the prisoners. 5. Only in business was she prepared to gamble. 6. But she would not let this defeat her. She would find a way to make money, lots of it, for only then would they be safe. 7. And in this dun-coloured valley stood Fairley Hall. 8. She decided she would think about the baby the day it was born and not before. Then, and only then, would she decide what her next step would be. 9. No sooner had he pronounced a few words than everybody understood that he was a foreigner. 10. In vain did the family try to discover the truth.

Ex. 628. Translate into English.

1. Только лишь дома я могу полностью расслабиться.

2. Ни при каких обстоятельствах вы не должны от­крывать дверь незнакомым людям. 3. Ни за что на свете я здесь не останусь! 4. Тщетно кошка пыталась поймать мышку, та оказалась проворнее. 5. Лишь в последний день он признался ей в любви. 6. Только лишь в самолете он почувствовал себя в безопаснос­ти. 7. Никогда за всю свою жизнь я не слышала не­чего подобного. 8. Он утверждал, что только лишь в 372

суде все расскажет. 9. Едва лишь она услышала эту новость, как побежала рассказать ее своим подруж­кам. 10. Мало же ты знаешь, что такое человек! 11. Ве­лико было его негодование, когда он увидел, что его машина исчезла. 12. Даже со своим лучшим другом я не мог говорить об этом. 13. В маленьком городке на севере Англии жил маленький волшебник. Гарри Поттер было его имя.

Ex. 629. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the type of the subordinate clause in which inversion is used.

1. Try though she did, Teddy discovered that she was unable to look away. 2. Typical ten-year-olds that they were, they made ugly faces to her and she began to laugh, enjoying them. 3. Snow-white though her hair was, her face was plump, pink-complexioned and almost without a wrinkle. 4. Heavily bundled up though they were, they nevertheless moved in a relatively brisk pace, since there was an icy, cutting wind. 5. Popular and successful novelist though he had become over the years, he could no more abandon journalism than he could stop breathing. 6. Reluctant though she was to leave her mother, Mari now realized that this was exactly what she must do. 7. Calculating of brain though she was, Emily could be impulsive of heart.

Ex. 630. Use inversion in the subordinate clauses.

1. Though she was tired, Emma unpacked her suitcase and put her clothes neatly away in the closet. 2. Though she was suspicious, cautious, and wary with everyone, she sometimes found herself admiring of Olivia, much against her will. 3. I was thinking of her, thinking that though she might be vain and foolish, she was not a bad person. 4. And at that moment something was settled between them, and they both understood this, though it was unspoken. 5. For a moment or two she racked her brain, but though she tried, she could not remember. 6. Amelia gets so tired at times. Though I have tried, I've not been able to find anyone to assist her. 7. Though she was good-looking, it was her winning natural charm that captivated most people. 8. Willy accelerated his speed to the maximum, though it was dangerous, and shot ahead to escape the scene of violent destruction. 9. The present narrative, though it is brief, is artfully constructed and gripping.

Ex. 631. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the cases of inversion and emphasis

1. Well, I have to admit that we did get an interesting bit of news today! 2. So I had to stay and get Dougbie to help me move the bed. A lot of help he was. He has these skinny little arms and is about as strong as a pigeon. 3. Well, that does happen sometimes. And it does seem a little funny! 4. Carl Ray magically appeared at dinner time again. Just as we were putting the food on the table, in he comes and sits right down in my Dad's "special" seat. 5. Dad had to call Carl a thousand times this morning to get him out of bed for his first day of work, but he finally did get up. 6. But I did pretend to be interested. 7. Ale said he had to go or he would be late, so off he went. 8. In came a tall lady, with dark hair and eyes, and a large, pale forehead. 9. And do what I can, I cannot shake him out of the gloom into which he has fallen. 10. Hard as she tried, she still couldn't understand the question. 12. Only after buying the cottage, did we discover that it was infested with mice. 13. Work I must, and for money. 14. That I couldn't tell you.

Ex. 632. Read the verse and learn it Find cases of inversion in it

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