Complete the following, using the infinitive

a) as subject:

1.... would be unjust. 2.... was very pleasant, 3.... is the only thing to do. 4.... would be much more useful. 5.... is not an easy matter.

b) as predicative:

1. My hobby is.... 2. The best way to master a foreign language is v... 3. The next thing to be done is.... 4. Our aim was.... 5. To say so means.... 6. His only wish is....

c) as object:

1. He asked.... 2. In the kindergarten children are taught.... 3. I am so glad.... 4. We are awfully sorry.... 5. The doctor advised.... 6. The child is afraid.... 7. I've clean forgotten.... 8. Everybody promised.... 9. Would you like...? 10. Who has allowed you...? 11. Aunt Polly instructed Jim....

d) as attribute;

1. He was always the first.... 2. We have nothing.... 3. This is a chance.... 4. Benny has no friends.... 5. He is not a man.... 6. She made an attempt.... 7. Is there anybody...? 8. He always finds something.... 9. This is the information.... 10. He spoke of his wish....

e) as adverbial modifier of purpose:

1. He came immediately.... 2. We'll stay after the lecture.... 3. They stopped.... 4. Write down this rule.... 5. I've opened the door.... 6. He stepped aside politely.... 7.... you must work hard. 8. The boy ran out....

f) as adverbial modifier of result:

1. She was too frightened.... 2. The article is too difficult.... 3. The fence is high enough.... 4. The baby is too restless.... 5. The weather is warm enough.... 6. We are too busy.... 7. She was grown-up enough.... 8. The night was too dark....

93. Replace the subordinate clauses by attributive infinitives:

1. There weren't many children in the neighbourhood who we could play with. 2. He fell asleep with full determination that he would go and see for himself. 3. He is a man one can trust. 4. We didn't know the way to the station, and there wasn't anyone who we could ask. 5. He was the first person who came to the bar and the last who left it. 6. It isn't a thing you can joke about. It's a serious matter. 7.He will always find something that makes him laugh at. 8. They decided that it was a nice little town where they could live quietly for a while. 9. He's not a man who you can easily frighten. 10. There's nothing that we might discuss now. Everything is settled. 11. He was the first man who guessed what George was driving at. 12. No doubt it was the best time when lie could find them all at home. 13. A good housewife will always find something that must be done about the house. 14. The old general wanted nothing but a grandson who he could dandle on his knee.

94. Make up sentences, using the following phrases with attributive infinitives:

a lot to do, no time to lose, a passage to translate, a man to trust, a rale to remember, the work to do, the distance to cover, a chance not to be missed, a nice town to live in, an easy person to deal with, nobody to speak to, nothing to trouble about, mistakes to be corrected, nobody to rely on, nothing to be afraid of, a poem to learn, the first to break the silence, the last to hand in the test.

95. Translate these sentences into English, using attributive infinitives:

1. Это как раз хороший случай помириться с ними. 2. Мне не у кого попросить совета. 3. Вот свежая роза, которую ты можешь приколоть к волосам. 4. Это было неподходящее время для перерыва. 5. Сомневаюсь, есть ли здесь кто-либо, с кем можно было бы поговорить об этом деле. 6. Мне дали текст, который я должен был перевести без словаря. 7. Не о чем спорить. Мы практически говорим об одном и том же. 8. Он как раз подходящий человек, чтобы заполнить вакансию. 9. Вот ключ, которым открывается ящик конторки. 10. Вопрос, который будет обсуждаться на нашем собрании, очень важен, на мой взгляд. 11. Я не вижу тряпки, которой стирают с доски. 12 Это как раз подходящая книга для чтения перед сном. 13. Мы уезжаем завтра утром, а у нас еще куча дел. 14. Он отвечал первым. 15. Нельзя было терять время, и Телегин выпрыгнул через окно на крышу соседнего дома. 16. Тут и понимать нечего, все очень просто. 17. Несмотря на желание сказать.что-нибудь веселое (cheering), он смог только робко улыбнуться. 18. Он с сожалением понял, что ничего нельзя было сделать.

96. Point out Infinitives of result and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. I intended to use the opportunity, it was too good to be missed. 2. When I left the Post Office I found that I was too late to catch the London train. 3. It was getting too hot to work and we decided to have a break. 4. Dixon was clever enough to avoid talking on this subject with Welch. 5. Michael considered Jonny to be too young to be drawn into their religious community. 6. She was woman enough not to forget to powder her hose even at that critical moment. 7. His case is such as not to be helped. 8. He turned to Margaret to find her in conversation with Carol Goldsmith. 9. He heard a loud knock at the front door and opened it to see a stranger in a shabby raincoat. 10. She liked to be kind to people and used to give promises to forget them at once. 11. He went quickly to the bathroom, and returned to find Murphy sitting beside his bed. 12.1 wish I were strong enough to help you, my boy.

97. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use infinitives of result:

Examples: 1. The storm was so strong that I couldn't go out. The storm was too strong (for me) to go out.

2. The text is so short that it can be translated in an hour.

The text is short enough to be translated in an hour.

1. It was so dark that he could see nothing before him. 2. You are so experienced, you ought to know better. 3. She was so excited that she couldn't utter a word. 4. He was so angry, he wouldn't speak to me. 5. His English vocabulary is very poor; he can't make himself understood. 6. She knows English so well that she can read Somerset Maugham in the original. 7. Mr. Burton was so cruel that he could send a man to death. 8. The story "A Friend in Need" is so tragic, it can't be merely ironical. 9. The man was so down and out that he could not get a decent job. 10. The man was not very strong and so was unable to swim the distance. It was very late, nobody could save him.

98. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives of result:

1. Он достаточно умен, чтобы понять это. 2. Течение было таким сильным, что он не мог проплыть вокруг маяка. 3. Рассказ был слишком захватывающим, чтобы не дочитать его до конца. 4. Ее произношение было слишком правильным, чтобы быть естественным. 5. Он был так взбешен, что одного слова было бы достаточно, чтобы свести его с ума. 6. Я просмотрел две главы и (в результате) нашел только пять подходящих примеров. 7. На следующее утро она проснулась и обнаружила, что она одна во всем доме. 8. После длительного путешествия он вернулся домой и понял, что в гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. 9. Он прошел через все комнаты и (в результате) увидел только кошку на кухне. Квартира была пуста. 10. Она открыла дверь кабинета и увидела, что отец ходит взад и вперед в сильном гневе. 11. Время от времени он просыпался и тут же снова засыпал. 12. После долгого отсутствия она вернулась домой и поняла, что ничего не изменилось: они не простили ее. 13. В который раз обдумав ситуацию, он понял, что выхода нет. 14. Она открыла дверь и увидела, что все уже собрались и ждут ее.

99. State the functions of infinitives in the following sentences:

1. He came into the room to shut the windows. 2. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about. 3. Do you want me to read to you? 4. I made a note of the time to give the various capsules. 5. They said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room. 6. You can't come in. You mustn't get what I have. 7. Don't make me laugh. 8. It took me about five minutes to work out how much a suit at nine and a half guineas would cost. 9. The British Museum is much too big to be seen in an hour or so. 10. Father decided to take a holiday from his office so as to help in celebrating the day. 11. It was necessary to make it in a day, just on Monday. 12. She was sitting near enough to see his face. 13. That's how I used to be myself. 14. A railway station is the most difficult of all places to act in. 15. I think the best way to get a general idea of a country-is to study the map. 16. If he couldn't get something to do he'd have to commit suicide. 17. You may fail in your English if you go on like that. 18. It's true there was no scenery to stare at, but the costumes and make-up, the light and sound effects helped the audience to concentrate on the dialogue and the acting. 19. It seemed a privilege to lend anything to him. 20. Thank you for your very kind invitation to visit you and stay with you. 21. It made our mouths water to hear him talk about such tasty things.

100. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives:

I. С ней приятно разговаривать. 2. Вопрос был слишком сложный, чтобы обсудить его за час. 3. Я рад, что узнал правду. 4. Ты бы лучше не надоедал ему своими глупыми вопросами. 5. Этот вопрос слишком сложен, чтобы она могла решить его одна. 6. Он не такой человек; от которого можно ожидать помощи. 7. Было бы лучше убедить его работать, чем принуждать его. 8. Мы очень довольны, что видели этот спектакль. 9. Кажется, дети уже забыли об этом печальном событии. 10. Вам следовало бы предупредить меня заранее. 11, Я молчала, так как мне нечего было сказать. 12. Они обещали мне помочь подготовиться к приему гостей. 13. Номер его телефона легко запомнить. 14. Этот человек сидит здесь, должно быть, около часа. Кого бы это он мог ждать? 15. Вы помните, кто первый вошел в комнату? 16. Вряд ли он тот человек, который даст вам интересующие вас сведения. 17. Мы сделали вид, что не заметили его ошибки, чтобы не смущать его. 18. Главное в том, как заставить ее поверить нам и послушаться нашего совета.

101. Paraphrase the following sentences, making the object of the infinitive the subject of the sentence:

Examples: l. It is hard to please him. He is hard to please.

2. It is pleasant to look at her. She is pleasant to look at.

1. It is not difficult to remember the rule. It is simple. 2. It's very comfortable to sit in my Grandfather's armchair. 3. She's a kind person. It's easy to deal with her. 4. He's very stubborn. It's difficult to persuade him. 5. It's not very easy to translate this passage. It contains some idiomatic expressions. 6. It is pleasant to look at the girl, but not at all pleasant to talk to her. She's pretty, but not very clever. 7. It was unpleasant to watch their quarrel. 8. It's always funny to listen to his stories. 9. It would be useful to follow Uncle Jack's advice. 10. It's not so very easy to answer this question.

102. Make up sentences, using the following adjectives with infinitives (follow the examples of the previous exercise):

easy to deal with, difficult to understand, pleasant to look at, hard to please, useful to remember, amusing to watch, easy to answer, uncomfortable to sit on, easy to follow, difficult to avoid, pleasant to talk to, not far to seek, not easy to find.

103. Point out the Complex Object and the Complex Subject with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The pills my doctor has given me make me feel rather odd. 2. I want you to say to yourself that he died a gallant death in the service of his country, and we must be proud of him. 3.1 had seen my father leave the house that very morning. 4. Just as he was falling into unconsciousness he heard his door open and quickly shut. 5. George was sure that fresh air and exercise would make us sleep well. 6. I've never known a chap spend so much time on radiograms. 7. I thought it to be the signal to start. 8. We didn't expect him to come back so soon and were wondering what had happened. 9. She felt somebody touch her gently by the hand. 10. I'd like it to be done as quietly as possible, without attracting anybody's attention, 11. She didn't seem to notice his unfriendly tone. 12. The number to which I had been directed turned out to be a house standing a little by itself, with its back to the river. 13. "He appears to be asleep, my lady," said the butler. 14. Lady Franklin seemed to expect an answer. 15. The boy was made to repeat his story twice. 16. Professor Lee was expected to join the expedition in North Africa, but he had fallen ill. 17. He was heard to say that it would rain and ordered the door to the balcony to be shut. 18.1 looked at the house with suspicious curiosity, and it seemed to be looking back at me. 19. He is said to have been a sailor in his youth. 20. You're not likely to keep us company, Jim, are you?

104. Translate the sentences into English, using the Complex Object or the Complex Subject:

1. Его заставили обратиться к врачу. 2. Оказывается, он ничего об этом не слышал. 3. Кажется, вы расстроены. Что-нибудь случилось? 4. Я никогда не видела, как танцует Джейн Бак. 5. Я спала и не слышала, как они ушли. 6. Родители всегда хотят, чтобы их дети выросли честными людьми. 7. Я считаю, что это было несправедливо с вашей стороны. 8. Кто позволил вам распоряжаться моими вещами? 9. Он почувствовал, как силы возвращаются к нему. 10. Ничто не могло заставить его изменить принятое решение. 11. Ожидается, что зима в этом году будет суровая. 12. Я случайно услышала последнюю фразу, сказанную вами. 13. Они наверняка поженятся. 14 Я хочу, чтобы мы все встретились еще раз. 15. Она почувствовала, что кто-то дотронулся до ее плеча. 16. Она внимательно наблюдала за тем, как прыгают другие гимнастки. 17. Маловероятно, что он выздоровеет к понедельнику. 18. Не позволяйте детям играть со спичками. 19. Оказалось, что мы уже знакомы. 20. Она побледнела, и я почувствовала, как она вздрогнула.

105. Replace the clauses in the following sentences with infinitive phrases:

1. I should be delighted if I could get acquainted with the captain of your team. 2. He was annoyed wiien he learnt that they hadn't chosen him as a player for the Ail-Union match. 3.1 was sorry that I had missed the beginning of the match. 4. We must wait till we hear the referee's whistle, then we'll see the teams coming out. 5. They wouldn't be surprised if they were to receive an invitation to play in a tennis match with the fellows from our college. 6. You would be foolish if you missed the chance. 7. I'm pleased that I've been of some service to you. 8. She turned to me as if she was going to ask me something. 9. We are happy that we have won, it was a difficult match. 10. I was sorry when I heard of their failure. 11. I'm sorry that I've been of so little assistance. 12. He pressed his finger to his lips as if he wanted to warn her.

106. Comment on the infinitive phrases and translate the sentences into Russian:

A. 1. He held the door open for her to get in. 2. How nice of you to know my voice! Am I disturbing you? 3. It was kind of you to come, but you must go now. 4. "Three weeks and two days, my lady," Leadbitter replied. "How nice of you to have counted the days!" said Lady Franklin. 5. "It's nice of you to have come," came his voice from the bed. 6. I think the best thing would be for you to see him for yourself. 7. It's too late for the children to go out.

B. 1. I have something so important to tell you that I hardly know how to say it. 2. I'm not quite sure whether to join them or not. 3. When to start is to be decided yet. 4. He hesitated what to say next. 5. I didn't know which book to choose. 6. Tell me who to invite. 7. The question is where to hide it.

C. 1. And to tell you the truth I'm glad to have a companion myself. 2. To be frank, no other house in the town was as popular as theirs. 3. He will be a little late, to be sure, and Ann will be grumbling. 4. To cut a long story short, everything ended to her delight.

107. Paraphrase, using " for- phrases" with infinitives:

1. She held out the telegram so that I might see it. 2. It's quite natural that you should think so. 3. The first thing he must do is to ring them up. 4. Let us wait till they settle this matter. 5. This is a problem you should solve all by yourself. 6.1 shall bring you the article that you may read. 7. I gave an umbrella to the children lest they should get wet through. 8. I've put on weight. I can't wear this dress any longer. 9. It is unbelievable that a man should go so far beyond his limit. 10. He spoke loudly so that everyone might hear him. 11. There is nothing that I may add. 12. It is very unusual that he should have said such a thing. 13. It's high time you knew Grammar well. 14. This is a boy you can play with.

108. Complete the following, using a suitable infinitive phrase:

1. Can you advise me...? 2. I can't make up my mind.... 3. She hesitated.... 4. I am at a loss....5. The trouble is.... 6.... is the first thing to decide. 7. His chief difficulty was.... 8. I didn't know.... 9. Show me.... 10. Nobody could tell....

109. Make up sentences, using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically:

1. to cut a long story short; 2. to put it mildly; 3. to crown all; 4. to tell you the truth; 5. to say the least of it; 6. to say nothing of...; 7. to begin with; 8, to judge by her appearance.

110. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives:

1. Вам лучше сегодня не выходить. Вы можете простудиться. 2. Я часто слышу, как вы выступаете на студенческих диспутах. 3. Вы сами слышали, как он это сказал. 4 Вам было бы полезно больше заниматься физкультурой. 5. Он знал, что его присутствие обязательно, но не мог заставить себя войти. 6. Слышали, как она сказала, что никому из них нельзя доверять. 7. Он, должно быть, читал этот роман совсем недавно. Он помнит множество подробностей. 8. Едва ли она знает, что сказать об этом. 9. Трудность в том, где достать эту редкую книгу. 10. Я недостаточно хорошо его знаю, чтобы говорить с ним об этом. 11. Она не любит, когда дверь ее комнаты закрыта. 12. Рад познакомиться с вами. 13. Рад, что познакомился с вами. 14. Некого было спросить, и нам пришлось ждать. 15. Почему не пойти погулять? Погода чудесная. 16. Говорят, видели, что он вошел в дом, но никто не видел, чтобы он вышел. 17. Она, кажется, разучивает упражнения на пианино (to practise) все утро. 18. Бен говорил первым. 19. Они, кажется, еще не уехали. 20. Мне надо о многом с вами поговорить. 21. Мы не ожидали, что он сам это сделает. 22. Она слишком легкомысленна, чтобы принять это всерьез. 23. Не может быть, чтобы это было сделано за столь короткий срок. 24. Ему не так-то просто угодить.

The Gerund

111. Point out the Gerund and comment on its noun and verb characteristics. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Talking about ourselves is what we modern authors have a strong objection to doing. 2. He stopped writing and ran out into the bathroom. He started washing with great speed. He was two minutes late already. 3. It's silly of me, but I can't help feeling anxious. 4.1 don't like being lied to — and that, I think, is what you are trying to do. 5.1 feel a good deal of hesitation about telling you this story of my own. 6. On hearing the sound Nance hurried to the door, and Grand to the window. 7. He left without having paid the bill. 8. Would you mind waiting a moment in the hall? 9. He denied having opened the box. 10. Writing quickly tires my hand. 11.1 remember seeing it on the table. 12. He was accused of having entered the country illegally. 13.1 disliked my mother's interfering in the affair. 14. The boy spent half the night in writing to his people.

112. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund of the verbs in brackets:

1. (to speak) without (to think) is (to shoot) without aim. 2. Do you know what is peculiar about the English rule of (to drive)? 3. I'm glad to say that the lady didn't keep us (to wait). 4. I remember (to take) to Paris when I was a very small child. 5. I strongly suspect Gerald of (to know) all about it beforehand, though he swears he didn't. 6. Excuse me for not (to write) more at the moment. 7. She never lost the power of (to form) quick decisions. 8. He had an air of (to be) master of his fate, which was his chief attraction. 9. She denied (to see) me at the concert though I'm sure I saw her in the stalls. 10. I want to thank her for (to look) after the children while I was out. 11. He passed to the front door and out without (to see) us. 12.1 enjoy (to read) poetry. 13.1 don't mind (to stay) here for a little while. 14. Are you going to keep me (to wait) all day? 15. They reproached us for (not to come) to the party; they were waiting for us the whole evening. 16. He suspected her of (to give) the police information about him while the workers were on strike. 17.1 sat on the doorstep thinking over my chances of (to escape) from home. 18. There is very little hope of the work (to do) in time. 19. The coat showed evident signs of (to wear) on the preceding night. 20. (to avoid) the use of the perfect gerund is quite common if there is no fear of (to misunderstand).

113. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund and insert prepositions where necessary:

1. Newton, the famous scientist, was sometimes engaged (to work out) difficult problems. 2. "There's no question (to forgive) you," he said quickly. 3. Of course, I should insist (to pay) for my work. 4. I wonder if there's any use (to try) to improve him. 5. We began to speak only when we were out (to hear) of the old man. 6. I insist (to go) there at once. 7. We all suspected him (to learn) it before and (to try) to conceal it from us. 8. They were all busy (to unpack) the books and (to put) them on the shelves. 9. (to hear) the news she ran over to the telephone to inform Gerald at once. 10. But (to make) this request Mr. Dennant avoided (to look) in his face. 11.1 spent'the rest of the time in the hall of the Station Hotel (to write) letters. 12. You can help me (to give) a piece cf good advice, you're old enough to know it better. 13. (to discuss) the plan ourselves we decided to consult Mike's eldest brother who in our eyes was an expert. 14. He hesitated a little (to open) the door. He had a feeling that there was somebody waiting for him inside. 15. (to hear) the sound of the door opened downstairs he tiptoed into the corridor and bent over the banister. 16. (to see) three little children dancing in the street to their own music he came up nearer to see them better. 17. Excuse me (to come) late.

114. Comment on the functions of the Gerund in the following serlences:

1. Looking after children requires patience. 2. It is no use discussing it now, we must act. 3, It was no good taking the little darling up to town, she got only tired. 4. Seeing is believing. 5. What he loves best in the world is playing football. 6. The main thing to do in this situation is getting away as soon as possible. 7. The car began moving away -'own the road. 8. Every second he kept glancing at the clock. 9. The kind woman started crying before the boy had finished his sad story. 10. However hard he tried he could not stop thinking about it. 11. He enjoyed teaching and knew that he did it well. 12. Do you mind seeing these photos again? 13.1 dislike reminding you continually of the things you ought to have done. 14. I can't afford buying this expensive hat. 15. Oh, how I dislike being interrupted! 16. He was busy getting ready for his journey. 17. Nobody thought of anything but spending money, and having what they called "a good time." 18. But instead of soothing Shelton these words had just the opposite effect. 19. The idea of settling down in that little town filled her with nothing but regret. 20. He was in the habit of dozing after dinner in his favourite armchair. 21. She knew that there was a danger of falling ill. 22. I walked to my place as fast as I could without breaking into a run. 23. Before speaking he carefully thought out what he was going to say. 24. By studying early in the morning he saved a good deal of time. 25. On reading her letter he had once more a feeling of disappointment.

115. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. Now I can boast (to see) Rome and London, Paris and Athens. 2. How did you like the English rule (to drive) on the left side of the road instead of the right? 3. I hate (to be) ill and (to stay) in bed. 4. We all kissed Mother (to go) to bed. 5. I'm not used (to receive) Christmas presents. 6. At every school she went to she learned drawing, besides (to teach) by her father at home. 7. My wife and I look forward (to see) you and Rosa. 8. The children had to help (to sweep) and (to clean) the rooms and (to wash up) after meals. 9. The doctor left three different medicines with instructions (to give) them. 10. You can improve your pronunciation (to read) aloud. 11.1 went out for a while (to give) the boy the prescribed capsules. 12. You can't act (to feel). 13. I dislike the idea (to spend) a holiday with hundreds of other people. 14. (to ask) about it he said he knew nothing. 15. The silence was broken by the sound of a door (to lock). 16. She walked a little (to leave) her office. 17. I remember (to go) to the British Museum one day.

116. Translate these sentences into English, using the Gerund:

1. Нелли предложила пойти в Исторический музей. 2. Эту проблему стоит обсудить. 3. Я припоминаю, что видела эту же фотографию Британского музея в другом журнале. 4. Хотя мы были в Лондоне всего три дня, я получила большое удовольствие от осмотра достопримечательностей этого огромного города. 5. Она боится одна оставаться с детьми. Она не знает, что с ними делать, как их забавлять. 6. Чтение книг по истории Англии и, в частности, Лондона — приятное и полезное занятие для будущего учителя английского языка. 7. Он избегает встречаться со мной после нашей ссоры. 8. Они не могли не опоздать. Их поезд задержался из-за тумана. 9. Доктор настаивает на том, чтобы всем детям были сделаны прививки. 10. Твое пальто нужно почистить щеткой. 11. Я помню, что видела письмо на столе. 12. Извините, что я вмешиваюсь, но у меня очень важная новость для вас. 13. Я не люблю занимать деньги Это довольно неприятно. 14. Она предпочитает все делать сама без чьей-либо помощи. 15. Ок сказал это громко, не глядя ни на кого, и было неясно, к кому он обращается. 16. Нет никакого другого способа попасть туда до захода солнца. 17. Мы провели много времени за писанием пригласительных билетов на наш вечер выпускникам факультета. 18. Вы можете улучшить произношение, слушая магнитофонные записи, а также чтением вслух. 19. При виде жареной индейки на подносе он сказал, что это наилучшее угощение, какое только можно себе представить. 20. После того как он просмотрел все фотографии, Джон долго улыбался. 21. Я сожалею, что приходится покидать вас так скоро.

117. Point out complexes with the Gerund and comment on their function? in the following sentences;

1. Do you agree to our taking her up to town and putting her under the best control? 2, His breathing heavily when he greeted her was the result of running up two flights of stairs. 3. Of course I should insist on your accepting the proper professional fee. 4. She was startled by the noise of the outer door being opened, 5. "You know Sven hates your standing down at the door alone," said Minnie. 6. I can't bear the thought of the children staying there alone. 7. We knew nothing of his being a humorous writer. 8. Your being so indifferent irritates me a great deal. 9. We've got a lot of questions to settle before your leaving. 10. What annoyed me most of all was his accepting their proposal quite readily. 11. Nick was very much excited about his favourite cake getting spoiled. 12. I remember in school days he couldn't answer the teacher's questions without my prompting him. 13. Don't think she'll approve of your telling me this. 14. His having failed at the entrance examination was a great disappointment to his mother. 15. Uncle Julius insists on my coming to keep him company.

118. Make up sentences, using the Gerund after the following verbs:

stop, finish, prevent, avoid, dislike, risk, deny, remember, postpone, enjoy, fancy, imagine, forgive, excuse, suggest, keep, mind, rely, regret, it wants (needs).

119. Point out gerunds and verbal nouns. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Oh, Robert, dearest, don't leave us! I've so loved being with you. 2. He may have noticed my goings out and comings in. 3. There's no going back now. A. Remember at school one was always kept waiting for a beating. 5. Now and again came the clear hammering of the woodpecker or the joyless call of a crow. 6. She tried to speak lightly, but there was a lump in her throat and a tightening at her heart. 7. Upon reading this letter Shelton had once more a sense of being exploited. 8. "Oh," she cried when they were out of hearing. "I wish he would go." 9. She went quickly past him and out of the room without looking back. 10. He looked at us with a kind of cheerful cunning. 11. Well, what are your plans, Dixon? — I was thinking of going in for school teaching. 12, She arose, but before she had time to get out of the room a loud rapping began upon the front door. 13. He began tidying the cabin, putting away his clothes and straightening the bed. 14. I have only a candle to see by, so I trust you will excuse my bad writing. 15. He reached his rooms at midnight so exhausted that, without waiting to light up, he dropped into a chair. 16. He said he was looking forward to meeting you again. 17.. And the worst of it is that I shall go on doing exactly I was going to do in the first place. 18. There was the splashing of big drops on large leaves and a faint stirring and shaking in the bush. 19. She began talking to the girl behind the bar. 20. Her father took no notice of her comings and gomgs.

120. Translate into English, using the Gerund:

1. Я не люблю провожать. Я предпочитаю, чтобы провожали меня. 2. Вам не следовало бы настаивать на том, чтобы вам сказали правду. 3. То, что он пришел, меняет дело. 4. Я помню, что положила деньги в сумку. 5. Я не могу позволить себе покупать такие дорогие вещи. 6. Вы ничего не имеете против того, чтобы он зашел к вам сегодня? 7. Она продолжала говорить, не обращая внимания на наши слова. 8. Он был сердит на нас за то, что мы его побеспокоили. 9. Мысль о том, чтобы сказать ей все открыто, пугала его. 10. Мы хотели проводить ее, но она настояла на том, что пойдет одна. 11. Я не помню, чтобы он когда-либо обращался ко мне с подобной просьбой. 12. Вместо того, чтобы обдумать вопрос как следует, она сразу отказалась. 13. Что помешало вам поехать вместе с нами? 14. Услышав отдаленный крик, он остановился и прислушался. 15. Осознав свою оплошность, она рассмеялась. 16. Она никогда не уставала говорить о своих детях. Она так гордилась ими! 17. Она дала мне понять, что заметила меня, слегка кивнув головой.

121. Use the Gerund instead of the subordinate clauses. Insert prepositions if necessary:

1.1 remember Mother reprimanded me when I spoiled her favourite fish-cake. 2. We recommended that work should start at once. 3. Thank you that you reminded me. 4. Nick suggested that we should dine at a restaurant to celebrate this little event. 5. He doesn't like when you interfere. 6. He prevents when I help him. 7. Nobody knew that they had agreed to take part in the expedition. 8.1 insist that everything should be said in plain words so that there can't be any misunderstanding. 9. She dislikes when the children prompt one another and always gets very angry. 10. He wrote he would stay in Paris another week and did not explain why he was obliged to do so. 11.1 can't recollect that they ever invited me to stay a weekend with them. 12. He was afraid that the news might cause excitement among the girls. 13. She disliked that he was so stubborn and would never listen to her reasons. 14. Nell denies that he is a bore. 15.1 prefer that we should make use of tape-recording before we read the text. 16. Nobody objects that Peter lives with us. 17. We decided that we should join them in Glasgow.

122. Complete the following, using the Gerund:

1. We couldn't even dream of.... 2. Everybody wished he stopped.... 3. He is sure to boast of.... 4. You can't act without.... 5. Are English people fond of...? 6. I hardly remember.... 7. We don't often have the chance of.... 8. My children are not used to.... 9. Is there any use in...? 10. He didn't care for.... 11. We all look, forward to.... 12. Everybody disliked the idea of.... 13. He has given up.... 14. What kept you from...? 15. Is it worth while...? 16. The boy kept on... 17. What prevented her from...? 18. The audience enjoyed.... 19. What do you mean by...?

123. Translate the sentences Into English, using the Gerund;

1. Я помню, что была больна в это время. 2. Она продолжала молчать, так как боялась обидеть его, если расскажет всю правду. 3. Нельзя привыкнуть к тому, что тебя оскорбляют. 4. Увидев меня, ребенок радостно улыбнулся. 5. Мать не могла не волноваться, так как детям давно пора было вернуться. 6. Она разорвала письмо на мелкие кусочки, не читая его. 7. Этот вопрос стоит обсудить. 8. Его оштрафовали за то, что он перешел улицу в неположенном месте. 9. После того, что произошло, она избегала встречаться с ним. 10. Он подумывает о том, чтобы оставить работу и переехать в деревню. 11. Мне понравилась мысль о том, чтобы провести конец недели за городом. 12. Вы не возражаете, если я зайду к вам сегодня вечером? 13. Я привыкла рано вставать, так как занятия в институте начинаются в 7.30. 14. Вы должны вовремя возвращать книги в библиотеку без напоминания. 15. Бесполезно пытаться достать билеты на этот спектакль. 16. Мы получали удовольствие, слушая, как он рассказывает о своих приключениях. 17. Видя, что я подхожу, они перестали разговаривать. 18. Она отрицала, что видела нас там. 19. Я не могу позволить себе купить такие дорогие часы. 20. Она казалась очень удивленной тем, что увидела меня там.

The Participles

124. Point out the First Participle and state its functions in the sentence:

1. She sat very still, and the train rattled on in the dying twilight. 2.1 sat quite silent, watching his face, a strong and noble face. 3. He wished to say something sympathetic, but, being an Englishman, could only turn away his eyes. 4. She was always to him a laughing girl, with dancing eyes full of eager expectation. 5. It was a bright Sunday morning of early summer, promising heat. 6. The door opened and he entered, carrying his head as though it held some fatal secret. 7. I'm afraid it's the moon looking so much like a slice of melon. 8. Lying he spoke more quickly than when he told the truth. 9. I hadn't slept the night before, and, having eaten a heavy lunch, was agreeably drowsy. 10. When driving in London itself she had as immediate knowledge of its streets⁵'as any taxi-driver. 11. "What a nice lunch," said Clare, eating the sugar at the bottom of her coffee cup. 12. While eating and drinking they talked loudly in order that all present might hear what they said. 13. For the first time she stared about her, trying to see what there was. 14.1 received from her another letter saying that she was passing.through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 15.1 sat on the doorstep holding my little sister in my arms thinking over my chances of escaping from home. 16.1 used to tell all my troubles to Mrs. Winkshap, our neighbour living next door. 17. "It's a quarter past seven," he said trying as hard as he could to keep relief from his voice. 18. As he wrote, bending over his desk, his mouth worked.

125. Use the appropriate form of the First Participle of the verbs brackets:

1. (to look) out of the window, she saw there was a man working in the garden. 2. That night, (to go) up to his room Shelton thought of his unpleasant duty. 3. (to descend) to the hall, he came on Mr. Dennant (to cross) to his study, with a handful of official-looking papers. 4. The carriage was almost full, and (to put) his bag up in the rack, he took his seat. 5. (to know) that she couldn't trust Jim, she sent Peter instead. 6. (to do) all that was required, he was the last to leave the office. 7. (to return) home in the afternoon, she became conscious of her mistake. 8. He couldn't join his friends (to be) still busy in the laboratory. 9. (to finish) his work, he seemed more pleased than usual. 10. (to step) inside, he found himself in what had once been a sort of office. 11. He left the room again, (to close) the door behind him with a bang. 12.1 spent about ten minutes (to turn) over the sixteen pages of "The Times" before I found the chief news and articles. 13. (to turn) to the main street, he ran into Donald and Mary (to return) from school. 14. (to return) from the expedition he wrote a book about Central Africa. 15. (to get) out of bed she ran to the window and drew the curtain aside. 16 (to confuse) by his joke, she blushed. 17, (to inform) of their arrival the day before, he was better prepared to meet them than anyone of us. 18. Sir Henry paused and then said, (to glance) down at his watch, "Edward's arriving by the 12.15."

126. Translate the sentences into English, using the First Participle:

1. Будьте осторожны, пересекая улицу. 2. Написав сочинение, она начала готовить другое задание. 3. Студенты, не уделяющие достаточно внимания грамматике, никогда не овладеют английским языком. 4. Мы сидели в саду и разговаривали о нашей поездке по Волге. 5. Сбежав с лестницы, она остановилась на мгновение, как бы колеблясь, в каком направлении пойти. 6. Объяснив все подробно, он спокойно сел на свое место. 7. Очутившись одна на улице, она сразу пожалела о том, что случилось. 8. Схватив сына на руки, Элиза бросилась бежать. 9. Молодой человек, стоявший у окна, внимательно посмотрел на меня. 10. Проводив сына, они медленно возвращались с вокзала. 11. Театры Ист-Энда часто ставят пьесы, затрагивающие многие современные проблемы. 12. Утопающий за соломинку хватается. 13. Маме приходилось много раз вставать из-за стола, меняя тарелки и принося то одно, то другое блюдо. 14. Заметив меня, она остановилась.

127. Point out the Complex Object with the First Participle. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. I heard the visitor walking restlessly backwards and forwards. I also heard him talking to himself. 2. She turned and saw Shelton standing down there. 3. He felt his irritation mounting. 4. He found Dora reading a novel in their bedroom. 5. With amusement they watched them going. 6. We heard her walking on the stairs by the cellar. 7. At that moment I noticed Charles sitting a little farther in the hall. 8. For the first time she found herself wondering about him. 9. The moon came fully through a cloud, and he was startled as he suddenly saw her face looking at him. 10. You can always find him handing round bread and butter at a tea party. 11. He felt the bridge shaking under his feet. 12. Then in the complete silence of the night he heard somebody opening the door quietly. 13. He looked at groups of young girls walking arm in arm. 14. Soames raised his hand to his forehead, where suddenly she saw moisture shining. 15. As I was looking this over I heard the doors which led on to the main corridor being opened.

128. Use the Infinitive or the First Participle of the verbs in brackets to form a Complex Object:

1. A moment later they heard her bedroom door (to shut) with a bang. 2. I've never heard your canary (to sing). Is there anything the matter with the bird? 3. Would you like me (to make) you lunch, or have you had some? 4.1 want you (to explain) the disappointment we had this morning. 5. She watched him (to pass) the gate and (to walk) down the street. 6. Through the chink in the shutters she watched Emma (to pick) cherries in the orchard. 7. The captain said something which made them (to laugh), he did not hear what it was. 8. They had their own pattern of life and expected me (to fit) in. 9. You can see him (to work) in his little garden every day. 10. She had never heard philosophy (to pass) those lips before. 11. I saw him (to put) his suitcase right here. 12. During that moment Miss Pembroke told a lie, and made Rickie (to believe) it was the truth. 13. Together they watched the old oak (to drop) its leaves. 14. He found them (to sit) together and (to talk) peacefully. They did not notice him (to approach). 15. He felt the water (to reach) his knees. 16. She felt her voice (to tremble) and tried to control herself. 17. We saw him (to open) the envelope and (to read) something hastily. 18.1 saw hdm (to unfold) the telegram slowly and hesitatingly as though he expected it (to contain) some bad news. 19. He heard the young people (to sing) and (to shout) from the opposite bank. 20. She watched him (to work) for a long time.

129. Point out the "Nominative Absolute" construction and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. She had sunk into a chair and was sitting there, her small fingers curling and uncurling themselves nervously. 2. The door being opened, and Bunter having produced an electric torch, the party stepped into a wide stone passage. 3.... Mrs. Baddle made the round of the room, candle in hand, to point out all its beauties. 4. "You don't respect me," said Dora, her voice trembling. 5. Together they ran back down the road, Мог still gripping her arm in a tight grip. 6. Men, their caps pulled down, their collars turned up, passed by. 7. Before he moved himself Bertrand said, his eyes on Dixon: "That's quite clear, is it?" 8. Constantia lay like a statue, her hands by her sides, the sheet up to her chin. She stared at the ceiling. 9. The strain of his indecision over, he felt like a man recovering, from an illness. 10. Four seconds later Dixon was on the way out of the hotel into the sunlight, his shilling in his pocket. 11. Another time when we were going through Feme Bay on our way back from a long excursion, it being a hot day and all of us thirsty, she suggested that we should go into the Dolphin and have a glass of beer. 12. Dinner over, Carrie went into the bathroom where they could not disturb her, and wrote a little note. 13. The patient's leg having been amputated, there was no doubt of his recovering soon. 14. The voices had receded; and James was left alone; his "ears standing up like a hare's; and fear creeping about his inwards.

130. Translate the sentences Into English, using the First Participle:

1. Она слышала, как ее отец ходит взад и вперед по террасе. 2. Строго говоря, это не совсем то, что я хотела сказать. 3. Том увидел, что в воде что-то быстро движется. 4. Приехав домой, он увидел, что его совсем не ждали. 5. Холодные лучи заходящего солнца освещали вершины деревьев. 6. Он заметил, что за ним кто-то следит и, поняв это, решил изменить свой путь. 7. Было слышно, как где-то вдалеке играла музыка. 8. Судя по тому, как ласково она на него смотрит, он ей нравится. 9. Видя, что собираются тучи, мы решили отложить прогулку. 10. Дойдя до середины, я почувствовала, что мост дрожит. 11. Было слышно, как больной стонет от боли. 12. Услышав шаги на пустынной улице, она насторожилась. 13. Стараясь скрыть свое Смущение, она начала что-то торопливо рассказывать, обращаясь к своему спутнику. 14. Выйдя в сад, я увидела, что дети мирно играют, как будто ничего не случилось. 15. Я наблюдала за тем, как внимательно он читал письмо. 16. Вообще говоря, у меня нет времени, чтобы выслушивать ее нелепые истории.

131. Replace the attributive and adverbial clauses in the following sentences by participle phrases:

1. We were tired and thirsty, for we had been on the road since eight o'clock in the morning, and it was a hot day. 2. One day towards evening when both the old people were sitting in front of their cottage, they caught sight of a young girl with a bundle in her hand. 3. The lady was waiting for her sister who was arriving by the 7.30 train. 4.1 hailed the first taxi that passed by and reached the station at ten minutes to three. 5. One morning, as Johnny was looking out of the window, he saw in his neighbour's orchard a great number of fine red apples which had fallen from the trees. 6. "Villain!" cried he, as he ran down to him. 7. "Oh, sir," said the poor boy who was trembling with fear, "it isn't my fault." 8. "May I come in?" she said as she pushed the door a little wider open. 9. "I'm late," she remarked, as she sat down and drew off her gloves. 10. Here and there were signs that the flower-beds had been trampled upon by excited villagers who tried to reach the windows. 11. As he did not know the way to the station very well he often stopped to ask people who were passing by. 12. He looked like an African savage who was being shown a simple conjuring trick. 13. The old woman told me with pride that the healthy-looking child that was playing beside us was her grandson. 14. She returned presently and brought a tray with a jug of milk. 15. The path which was leading through the coppice soon got lost in the high grass.

132. Replace the participle phrases in the following sentences by attributive or adverbial clauses:

1. A middle-aged woman, wearing a print apron, stood at the door of the cottage. 2. She looked down at the floor as though seeing something there. 3. On a sunny afternoon arriving at the house in Malta Street, Jacob found it deserted. 4. A snake sleeping in the grass will bite if anyone treads upon it. 5. Being seven, she often wore her favourite brown velvet frock barely reaching the knees of her thin legs. 6. Suddenly, while watching the fear she was trying to hide, he believed her story. 7. The golden light, still lying in sheets upon the water, dazzled Nan for a moment. 8.1 felt a bitter envy towards the two small boys walking along the path with their mother at that moment. 9. It's an old face for twenty-five, Jan thought, watching the wrinkles that fanned out from eyes to temples. 10. Jim, not being sure of her real intentions, merely looked at her and paused for a moment. 11. Having satisfied himself that each guest had a plate of food and a glass of water, he was anxious to make conversation. 12. Returning home late at night, he found everybody in bed. 13. Reaching the top of the hill my companion stopped. 14. Having filled his pockets with apples, the boy was about to run away when he saw the owner of the garden with a stick in his hand. 15. The letter, beginning with "Dear sir" was not signed. 16. Having addressed and sealed the parcel, I went out at once to the Main Post Office.

133. Translate the sentences into English, using attributive participle phrases, where possible:

1. Старик, работавший в саду, не сразу заметил меня. 2. Высокий человек оказался инженером, работавшим на этом заводе несколько лет тому назад. 3. Мальчика, продававшего газеты, уже не было видно. 4. Девушка, продававшая неподалеку фиалки, казалось, чем-то напоминала Элизу Дулятл. Очевидно, я был склонен увидеть в Англии то, что когда-то читал о ней. 5. Жители деревни, видевшие девочку в то утро, говорили, что она шла в дальний конец деревни, где была речка. 6. Все, читавшие юмористические рассказы этого писателя, не могут не восхищаться ими. 7. Студенты, читавшие этот очерк, говорят, что он труден для перевода. 8. Мой друг, посетивший Панамский канал, рассказывает много интересного о своем путешествии. 9. Туристы, посетившие Музей Изобразительных Искусств одновременно со мной, выражали вслух свое восхищение. 10. Наконец молодой человек, читавший иллюстрированный журнал, поднял голову и взглянул на меня. 11. Человек, спрашивавший дорогу к мосту Ватерлоо, вдруг куда-то исчез. 12. Молодой рабочий, спрашивавший меня, откуда я приехал, показался мне знакомым, я определенно его уже видел. Но где? 13. Он заметил, что пожилой джентльмен, пристально смотревший на него, делает ему таинственные знаки. 14. Человек, принесший письмо от Артура, хотел поговорить с ней наедине. 15. Они часто думали о своих друзьях, работавших на Дальнем Востоке. 16. Наши друзья, работавшие на Дальнем Востоке, вернулись в Москву. 17. Мики, переводивший трудную статью, даже не взглянул на меня. 18. Мики, переводивший эту статью, говорит, что мы должны непременно прочесть ее в оригинале. 19. Шофер, медленно вылезший из машины, выглядел очень усталым.

134. Point out the Second Participle and state its functions in the sentence:

1. His name was well-known among the younger writers of France. 2. London, like most cities which have a long history behind them, is not really one single city, but rather a collection of once separated towns and villages which in the course of time have grown together. 3. The door opened. A little frightened girl stood in the light that fell from the passage. 4. The broad thoroughfare which runs between Trafalgar Square and the Houses of Parliament, is known as Whitehall. 5. The child kept silent and looked frightened. 6. Finella glanced up at the top of the hill. High in the air, a little figure, his hands thrust in his short jacket pockets, stood staring out to sea. 7. He lived in a little village situated at the foot of a hill. 8. He fell asleep exhausted by his journey. 9. If you hadn't caught sight of him at the door he might have slipped out unnoticed. 10. In the coppice they sat down on a fallen free. 11. Seen from the Vorobyev Hills the city looks magnificent, and especially at night in the electric light. 12. She entered the drawing-room accompanied by her husband and her father. 13. On one side the Kremlin opens upon Red Square. There, near the Kremlin Wall, is Lenin Mausoleum, made of granite. 14. Presently I grew tired and went to bed. 15. Locked in her room, she flung herself on the bed and cried bitterly. 16. She sat for a while with her eyes shut. 17. The house in which Denby lives is little more than a cottage, looked at from outside, but there are more rooms in it than one would think.

133. Replace the attributive clauses in the following sentences by phrases with the Second Participle, where possible:

I. By a residential college we mean a college with a hostel which is usually situated on the same grounds as the principal building. 2. The slogan which was made by Mike's brother attracted everybody's attention. 3. The child that was left alone in the large room began to scream. 4.1 have a letter for you which was received two days ago. 5. They were all pleased with the results which were achieved by the end of the month. 6. His words, which he uttered in an under-tonie, reached my ears. 7. The boy who had broken the windowpane ran away and did not appear till the evening. 8. The storm that caused a lot of harm to the crops abated late at night. 9. He said that the book which I had chosen belonged to his grandfather. 10. I asked the librarian to show me the magazines which were sent from the German Democratic Republic. 11. Everybody felt that in the farewell dinner there was sadness which was mingled with festivity. 12. We were all looking at his smiling face which was framed in the window of the railway-carriage. 13. There was another pause which was broken by a fit of laughing of one of the old men sitting in the first row. 14. There lay a loaf of brown bread which was divided into two halves. 15. The English people love their green hedges which are covered with leaf and flower in summer, and a blaze of gold and red in autumn. 16. From his essay we learn about various goods which are produced in Birmingham and the adjoining manufacturing towns. 17. The teacher told us that the centre of the cotton industry is Manchester, which is connected with Liverpool by a canal. 18. In the South of England we find fertile valleys which are divided by numerous hedges. 19. Tennis is one of the most popular games in England which is played all the year round. 20. They say that in their college, as well as in ours, the students have lots of exams which are held at the end of each term.

136. a) Translate the following word-groups into English. Pay attention to the place of the Second Participle:

иллюстрированный журнал; журнал, иллюстрированный известным художником; разбитое стекло; стекло, разбитое накануне; сломанный карандаш; ветка, сломанная ветром; взволнованные голоса; дети, взволнованные происшедшим; потерянный ключ; ключ, потерянный вчера; газеты, полученные из Лондона; письмо, написанное незнакомым почерком; закрытая дверь; дверь, запертая изнутри; девушка, приглашенная на вечер; упавшее дерево; книга, упавшая со стола; украденные документы; документы, украденные у секретаря; оконченное сочинение; сочинение, оконченное в спешке; мальчик, испуганный собакой; высокоразвитая индустриальная страна.

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