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VIII. Agree or disagree to the following statements

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  1. AGREEMENT BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB
  2. Answer the following questions.
  3. Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants according to the following pronounles:
  4. B) Answer the following questions.
  5. B) Answer the following questions.
  6. C) Find adjectives in the first two texts which mean the following.
  7. C) Find English equivalents for the following phrases.
  8. Choose the correct alternative in each of these sentences. Then match them to the statements a-i about use of tenses.
  9. Complex Structure in Discussion Statements
  10. Discuss the following quotations.
  11. Ex. 10 Read the following short texts and match them with their titles.
  12. Ex. 2. Give derivatives of the following nouns.

1. The first Kamchatka expedition fully proved that Asia and America were separated by а strait.

2. It was decided not to send expedition fleet any more.

3. During the second expedition Petropavlovsk was founded.

4. The Russian seamen were the first Europeans to set their foot on the soil of North America.

5. None of the explorers perished.

6. Bering died in 1741 on his return to Russia.

7. In October Chirikov’s ship rе-entered the Petropavlovsk harbour.

8. Bering and Chirikov contributed much into world seafaring.

IX. Give English equivalents

подтвердить мнение, повернул назад, было решено, дойти на судне до берегов Америки, исследовать северные берега, назван в честь, густой туман, встать на якорь, ступить на землю, расстаться с жизнью, пристать к берегу, нехватка пищи и воды, были вынуждены остаться, гористый берег, запасы питьевой воды, страдать от голода и жажды, открыть цепь островов

 

X. Translate into English

1. Эта экспедиция должна была исследовать берега Северного Ледовитого океана.

2. Было решено построить новые суда.

3. Во время второй экспедиции был основан Петропавловск-Камчатский.

4. Суда пошли в северо-восточном направлении к побережью Америки.

5. Судно бросило якорь у маленького острова.

6. Многие храбрые исследователи расстались с жизнью в этом путешествии.

7. Они вынуждены были остаться на зиму на маленьком острове.

8. Корабль Чирикова вернулся в Петропавловск.

9. Беринг и Чириков открыли российским морякам путь к Тихому океану.

 

 

UNIT V

Mikhail Lomonosov,

1711 – 1765

 

The name of Mikhail Vasilyevieh Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist and poet, is known to everyone in Russia. The range of his scientific activities was remarkably wide and varied.

Russian seamanship owes much to Lomonosov. He carried out the very important work of making a full atlas of the Russian Empire. It was published only 27 years after his death.

The great scientist realized the necessity of exploring the Arctic Ocean and establishing a regular sea route along the coasts of Siberia. He proposed sending out a special polar expedition for this purpose. After his death Admiral Chichagov tried to put Lomonosov’s ideas into practice.

Y. М. Shokalsky, a well-known Soviet specialist in oceanography, points out that Lomonosov’s works contain many important data on the change of tides, the depen­dence of the concentration of salt in sea water onthe vicinity of the coast and ice, etc.

Under his supervision various marine instruments, such as spyglasses, barometers, thermometers and so on, were made. Lomonosov invented an observation post of special construction convenient for watching the sea in stormy weather.

His research work Discussions on Greater Precision in Seafaring lay in the archives of the Academy of Sciences for more than 150 years. In this work he proposed making different instruments and devices for seafaring which foreign inventors thought of only many years later. One of these devices was a self-recording compass. Now this ap­paratus invented by Lomonosov is called a course recorder. Lomonosov also invented a mechanical log connected with the hull of the ship, by means of which the navigator could easily calculate the distance covered by the ship without leaving the wheel-house or having the sailors heave the log.

Lomonosov insisted on establishing a Seafaring Academy for research work in all fields connected with seamanship.


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