INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION PROM SHIPS

The international Convention for the Prevention of Pollu­tion from ships was adopted by the International conference convened by IMO from 8 October to
2 November 1973. This Conven­tion was subsequently modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto adopted by the International Conference on Tanker Safe­ty and Pollution Prevention.

The Marine Environment Protection Committee, since its inception in 1974 has reviewed varios provisions which required clarification General obligation under the Convention is as follows: the Parties to the Convention undertake to give effect, to the provisions of the present Convention and those Annexes thereto by which they are bound, in order to prevent the pollu­tion of the marine environment by the discharge of harmful substances or effluents containing such substances in contraven­tion of the Convention.

"Harmful substances" means any substance which, if introdu­ced, into the sea, is liable tocreate hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea, and inclu­des any substance subject to control by the present Convention.

"Discharge", in relation to harmful substances or effluents containing such substances means any release howsoever caused from a ship and includes any escape, disposal, spilling, leaking, pumping, emitting or emptying. The present Convention shall apply to:

a) ships entitled to fly flag of a Party to the Convention; and

b) ships not entitled to fly the flag of a Party but which operate under the authority of a Party.

Any violation of the requirements of the present Convention shall be prohibited and sanctions shall be established. A ship to which the present Convention applies may, in any port or off­shore terminal of a Party, be subject to inspection by officers appointed or authorised by that Party for the purpose of verifying whether the ship has discharged any substances in violation of the provisions of the regulations. If an inspection indicates a violation of the Convention, a report shall be forwarded to the Administration for any appropriate action.

It is necessary to note that all possible efforts shall be made to avoid a ship being unduly detained or delayed since it may entail compensation for any loss or damage suffered.

II. NOTES:

1. convene - созывать

2. inception - начало

3. effluents - сточные воды

4. contravention - нарушение

5. hazards - риск, опасность

6. amenities - удобства

7. entitle - давать право

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What modified the Convention of 1973?

2. What has the Marine Protection Committee reviewed since its inception?

3. What does “harmful substance” mean?

4. What may be done with the ship to which the present Convention applies?

5. What does “Discharge” mean?

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