Неопределенные местоимения (Indefinite Pronouns)

Any в значении «какой-либо, сколько-нибудь» употребляется:

- в вопросительных предложениях;

- в отрицательных предложениях, где в сочетании с отрицательной частицей not оно выражает простое или усиленное отрицание.

Have you got any new stamps?

В утвердительных предложениях местоимение any имеет значение «любой», «какой угодно».

You can take any book you like.

Some в значении «несколько, некоторое количество, некоторые» употребляется:

- в утвердительных предложениях;

- в вопросах, выражающих просьбу, предложение или осведомление.

Some people like strong tea.

Can I have some more milk?

Any, some употребляются как с неисчисляемыми, так и с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном и множественном числе. При употреблении с неисчисляемыми существительными any, some имеют значение неопределенного артикля и на русский язык, как правило, не переводятся.

Have you got any spare time now? – У тебя есть сейчас свободное время?

Сложные местоимения с any и some употребляются в тех же конструкциях, что и слова any и some.

any	?, -
some	+

usually

Дополните предложения some/any/somebody/anybody/someone/anyone/ something/anything/somewhere /anywhere.

1. She was sick and refused to eat ….

2. Don’t tell them … if they ask.

3. She spent four hours in the shop but left without buying ….

4. Do you happen to know where the TV programme is? – It’s … in the kitchen.

5. … told me we are expecting good weather these days.

6. What have you bought? Do we need … else? – I’ve bought a bottle of milk and … cheese and bread, but I haven’t bought … fruit yet.

7. Have you been … else, besides Greece?

8. Don’t throw that jar away yet. There is still … coffee left inside.

9. Why are you crying? Has … happened?

10. Have you done all the tasks? – I haven’t done … yet. I’m not well.

В данных предложениях употребите местоимения some или any.

1. I will have … news next month.

2. She has … valuable books in her house.

3. Philip wants … help with his exams.

4. There is … butter in the fridge.

5. We need … cheese if we want to make a fondue.

6. Would you like … help?

7. Will you have … more roast beef?

8. She doesn’t want … kitchen appliances for Christmas.

9. They don’t want … help moving to their new house.

10. No, thank you. I don’t want … more cake.

11. There isn’t … reason to complain.

12. Do you have … friends in London?

В вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях следует употреблять much и many, а в утвердительных a lot of:

Have you been to many countries? – Вы были во многих странах?

Don’t waste so much money! – Не трать попусту столько денег!

We’ve got lots of books at home.

В утвердительных предложениях используются усилительные фразы too much, too little, so much, so little:

There’s too little time left – Осталось слишком мало времени.

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово (much/little, many/few, a lot of).

1. I’m keeping to a diet at present. I don’t eat … bread.

2. This mower uses too … electricity. Don’t buy it.

3. She takes care of her health and puts … salt into her food.

4. We have made … photographs of our Halloween party.

5. Don’t buy sugar. There is … it at home.

6. I have … relatives in the USA and get … Christmas cards from them every year.

7. … children in our class drink milk.

8. Stop making so … noise! I have … homework to do.

9. It’s a very small town. There isn’t … to see.

10. Are there … museums in this city?

11. Have you decided where to go on holiday? – Oh, we have … ideas!

12. The concert was a disaster! … people stayed till the end.

Заполните пропуски местоимениями many, much, little или few.

1. … was said but … done.

2. Say … and do ….

3. Very … people know about it.

4. He knows …, but the … he knows he knows well.

5. He is a man of …words.

6. … heard about the book, but … believe it.

7. … is spoken about it, but … believe it.

8. The forces were unequal, they were …, but we were ….

9. He has very … knowledge of the matter.

10. There isn’t … harm in it.

Few и little выражают отрицательную идею и обозначают «мало». A few и a little выражают положительную идею и обозначают «немного», «несколько».

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово (little/a little, few/a few).

1. My son is in Oxford. He has … friends and enjoys his life there.

2. I’m afraid we can’t afford buying a new TV-set this year. We have … money.

3. Don’t hurry. We have … time still.

4. Have you read about that air-crash? – Yes, … people survived.

5. When did you last see her? - … days ago.

6. There were plenty of empty seats in the plane. Very … people were there.

7. The operation was successful and he lost … blood.

8. Our trip was rather short but we have visited … remarkable places.

9. Will I go and buy … bottles of beer? There aren’t enough of them for the party.

10. Would you like more soup? – Yes, please, …. It’s very tasty.

11. Do you speak English? – Yes, ….

Дополните предложения местоимениями little/a little, few/a few.

1. I last saw Tom … days ago.

2. We didn’t have any money but Tom had ….

3. He doesn’t speak much English. Only … words.

4. Would you like some more cake? – Yes, please, but only ….

5. This town isn’t very well-known and there isn’t much to see, so … tourists come here.

6. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got … patience with children.

All (все, весь, вся) может сочетаться с глаголом в единственном и множественном числе:

All are present today.

All is lost.

Перед существительным в единственном числе чаще используется the whole:

All books were interesting.

I read the whole book with great interest.

Both (оба) используется для обозначения двух предметов (лиц):

We both (мы оба), they both (они оба).

Each (каждый, всякий), every (каждый, всякий, любой) употребляются только с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе. Each означает «каждый в отдельности», every – «всякий, любой»:

It was a rush hour and every bus was full.

Either (каждый из двух (и тот и другой), любой из двух) употребляется по отношению к лицам и предметам:

There are shops on either side of the street.

Заполните пропуски местоимениями whole или all.

1. I want to see the … of Moscow.

2. He has read the … newspaper.

3. She has eaten … the apples.

4. The teacher looked through … the test papers.

5. His … family met us.

6. Read the … article.

7. … of us have seen this film.

8. We want to listen to the … record.

9. … the children ran out of the classroom.

10. … bread is not baked in one oven.

One часто используется при указании на любое лицо, т.е. для выражения подлежащего в предложениях соответствующих русским неопределенно-личным предложениям:

One must observe the traffic rules. – Каждый человек должен соблюдать правила дорожного движения.

One или ones заменяют существительные во избежание повтора:

I don’t like this black coat. I’ll buy the brown one.

Would you like large apples or small ones?

Употребите в данных предложениях местоимения one или ones во избежание повтора.

1. Galileo showed that the small weight dropped as quickly as the large weight.

2. St. Peter’s in Rome is a large building, but the Great Pyramid is a much larger building.

3. He’s fond of nearly all games, but tennis and football are the games he likes best.

4. You asked me to get you a dictionary. Please, get me English dictionary.

5. These shoes are too small. Please, get me some larger shoes.

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