TEXT 1. LAISSER- FAIRE

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ МАМИ"

Савицкая Т.П.

Кафедра иностранных языков

From Colonies to Affluent Society.

(Методические указания и задания для самостоятельной работы

студентов 1 курса экономического факультета)

Москва 2007

Савицкая Т.П. «From Colonies To Affluent Society»

Настоящие методические указания и задания предназначены для развития навыков самостоятельного изучающего чтения у студентов 2 курса экономического факультета.

Структура заданий отражает тематику рабочей программы и нацелена на расширение лексического запаса студентов, а также изучение реалий американского общества в связи с историей развития его экономики.

TEXT 1. LAISSER- FAIRE.

1. Прочитайте текст, расположите ниже приведённые утверждения соответственно логике развития темы текста.

А. American colonists wanted to establish an independent nation based on individual

freedom.

B. French thinkers considered that economic freedom was necessary to increase a

nation’s wealth.

C. The colonists were greatly dissatisfied with Great Britain’s rule over them.

D. Most Americans believed that they would be able to engage in trade, producing and manufacturing goods and services without government interference.

In the mid-1770s, conflict spread in a group of 33 British colonies located along the eastern coast of what is now the United States of America. Over several years, the colonists had become increasingly dissatisfied with Great Britain's rule over the colonies. The colonists were being taxed without having the right to affect the way in which they were governed. Britain dictated the economic development of the colonies forcing them to serve as a source of raw material for the "mother country" and a market for its manufactured products.

Open warfare broke out in April 1775, and a Declaration of Independence was adopted by the colonists on July 4, 1776. Individual freedom - political, religious and economic -was so priced by these British citizens who had become American colonists that they were willing to fight a war (1775-1783) in order to establish an independent nation based upon it.

The Declaration of Independence - written at the beginning of the American Revolution in 1776 - stated that everyone should be guaranteed certain rights that a government cannot take away. They also believed that the best government is the least government, a phrase which incorporates the ideas of Thomas Jefferson, primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Most Americans of that time also believed that people should be able to engage in trade, produce goods and sell products and services without any governmental interference. This attitude toward economic activity was an important part of their general belief about the role of government. A group of French thinkers called physiocrats, considered that economic freedom was necessary to increase a nation's wealth, and government policy in regard to economic activity should be one of "laissez-faire" - allowing individuals (in this case - businesses) to act as they wished.

The ideas of laissez-faire applied to economics appealed greatly to Scottish economist Adam Smith. Using these ideas Smith began another kind of revolution during the period in which the American colonists were fighting their revolutionary war.

2.Пользуясь словарем уточните значение и произношение слов:

То locate, to increase, tax, source, raw, to manufacture, independence, to establish, to guarantee, interference, to occur, to apply,to engage.

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