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A. Service industries range from banking to communication.

B. Mass production of consumer goods helped to revolutionize the ways in which

Americans lived.

C. The ways of organizing work were changing.

D. Industries met the challenge of foreign competition.

Meanwhile, the ways in which businesses in the United States organized their work were changing. In 1913 the automaker Henry Ford introduced the "moving assembly line”. This was a variation on the earlier practice of continuous assembly. By improving efficiency, it made possible a major saving in labor costs. New industrial managers began the careful study of factory operations with the aim of finding the most efficient ways of organizing tasks. Their concepts of "scientific management" helped to lower the costs of production still further.

Lower costs made possible both higher wages for workers and lower prices for consumers. More and more Americans were gaining the ability to purchase products made in the United States. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges helped revolutionize the ways in which Americans lived.

The 20th century has seen the rise and decline of a succession of industries in the United States. The auto industry, long the masterpiece of the American economy, has had to struggle to meet the challenge of foreign competition. But over the years many new industries have appeared. Their products range from airplanes to television sets; from michrochips tо space satellites: from microwave ovens to ultra-high speed computers. Many of the currently rising industries are among what are Known high-technology or "high-tech" industries, because of their dependence on the latest developments in technology.

High-tech industries tend to be highly automated and thus to need fewer workers than traditional industries such as steelmaking. As high-tech industries have grown and older industries have declined in recent years. The proportion of American workers employed in manufacturing has declined. Service industries - industries that sell a service rather then make a product - now dominate the economy. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. It is sometimes said that the United States has moved into a "post-industrial era".

2. Пользуясь словарем уточните значение и произношение слов:

Moving-assembly line, labor costs, scientific, management, to range, to challenge, provision.

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