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A. People understood that they could make money by lending in to the others.

B. If people wanted to expand their business they borrowed money.

C. Free enterprising is the basis of the economic development of the USA.

D. Many problems accompanied the development of industry in the USA.

E. Stock exchange is an important part of economic development.

Most Americans think that the rise of their nation as a leading producer of manufactured goods, food and services could not have occurred under any economic system except free enterprise.

The story of American economic growth is a story of people inventing new devices and processes, starting new businesses and launching new ventures. For each of these endeavors, money was needed. That money is known as capital. Samuel Slater could not have opened that very important original textile factory unless people had been prepared to provide money to buy the land and build the factory. Slater and those capitalists would not have acted if they had not thought they would profit from their investments.

The story of major companies in the United States is not much different from that of Samuel Slater's mill. Individuals started enterprises with money borrowed from others. They shared the profit gained with those investors. When they wanted to expand their businesses, they again borrowed money.

Not all businesses sell stock. Smaller ones usually do not. Their profits are shared by those who put their money into the business when it was started. A person who wants to start a small business - a shop, for example - may still need to borrow money. Many problems accompanied the development of modern American industrial capitalism during the past century. Immigration and the rapid growth of American cities resulted in a large urban population seeking to earn a living. Factory owners often exploited this situation by offering low wages for long working hours, by providing unsafe and unhealthy working conditions and by hiring the children of poor families. There was discrimination in hiring. Entrepreneurs also took full advantage of the lack of government oversight, under the doctrine of laissez-faire, to enrich themselves by forming monopolies, eliminating competition, setting high prices for goods and producing poor quality merchandise.

Very early, people in the United States saw that they could make money by lending it to those who wanted to start or to expand their business. That led to the selling of stock, or shares, in a business. The business of buying and selling shares in enterprises has become so big that offices have had to set up where the selling of shares, or stock, can take place - Stock Exchanges. The best - known is perhaps the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) located in the Wall Street area of New York City.

When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company. If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it. Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will also lose money.

2.Пользуясь словарем уточните значение и произношение слов:

Enterprise, to launch, to profit, investment, share, to expand, to earn, wages, to hire, competition, merchandize, stock.

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