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А. The inventiveness of Americans resulted in the economic activity all over the world.

B. The new methods of manufacturing helped to advance American industry.

C. The Industrial Revolution in Britain took place at the time of Smith’s book.

D. Americans lost no time in industrializing their country.

The birth of the United States and the publication of Smith's book came at a time when yet another kind of revolution was taking place, the Industrial Revolution. In England, especially, machinery run by water power and later by steam power was used to manufacture cloth. This changed the ways that people worked. Instead of weaving cloth at home, people worked in factories where the machinery made much more cloth in a short time.

Americans lost no time in industrializing their new nation and in building trade with other countries. In the 1790s, an Englishmen named Samuel Slater came to America to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plans out of England. The success of Slater's factory started a process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making¹ of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region of the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.

Just as Slater's new factory system was being introduced, an American named Eli Whitney made cotton production more efficient by inventing a machine - the cotton gin- - that rapidly removed the seeds from the bolls of cotton. Removing the seeds by hand was a difficult task; Whitney's machine made the job almost easy.

Whitney also began manufacturing rifles in a new way. Guns had always been made by gunmakers working in their homes or small shops. Because the guns were handmade individually, a part from one gun would not necessarily fit another gun. Whitney began making guns with machinery, so that all the parts were the same in each gun. This method of manufacturing goods in a factory, with interchangeable parts, helped to advance American industry.

The inventiveness of people like Slater and Whitney set the United States on a course of great economic activity. Its merchants and shipowners were conducting trade with people around the world. Its farmers were producing more food for s growing population. More people were working in factories, and an increasing number of stores and shops opened in the cities. This economic activity increased as a result of new inventions. Some of the inventions were original American ideas; others were adapted from inventions created elsewhere.

2.Пользуясь словарем уточните значение и произношение слов:

Trade, to industrialize, machinery, textiles, to produce, efficient, to advance, product.

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