Clauses of Concession

Clauses of concession (yielding) show a contrast between two ideas. They are introduced by although, even though, though, despite, or in spite of,

Despite /in spite of: These are prepositions which can be used interchangeably. They mean the same as although, etc.; however, the grammar is different. They can go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.

Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.

In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.

Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades.

Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grades.

Alt hough /even though/though: These are subordinate conjunctions used to connect two clauses. Notice how the grammar is different from that of despite and in spite of.

Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.

Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades.

Additional examples of clauses of concession:

In spite of the bad weather we are going to have a picnic.

noun phrase

The child ate the cookie even though his mother had told him not to.

subject + verb

Although the weather was very bad, we had a picnic.

subject + verb

The committee voted to ratify the amendment despite the objections.

noun phrase

Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.

subject + verb

She attended the class although she did not feel alert.

subject + verb

Task 1

Clauses of Concession

Change these sentences to incorporate the expressions in brackets.

1. Despite her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm. (although)

2. Mary will take a plane, even though she dislikes flying. (in spite of)

3. In spite of Marcy's sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (although)

4. We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy, (despite)

5. Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children, (even though)

6. Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (in spite of)

7. Nancy told me the secret, despite having promised not to do so. (though)

8. We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing although we know we will not win a prize. (even though)

9. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday, (even though)

10.He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet. (in spite of)

Keys

Unit I

Task 1

1. b

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. c

6. b

7. b

8. a

9. c

10. a

11. c

12. c

13. b

14. a

15. a

16. b

17. c

18. b

19. a

20. b

21. c

22. a

23. a

24. c

25. b

26. a

27. b

28. a

29. a

30. b

31. c

32. c

33. a

34. b

35. a

36. a

37. b

38. b

39. c

40. b

41. b

42. a

43. c

44. a

45. b

46. b

47. c

48. b

49. c

50. b

51. a

52. b

53. b

54. a

55. c

56. b

57. a

58. b

59. a

60. b

61. a

62. b

63. c

64. c

65. b

66. a

67. b

68. c

69. c

70. a

71. c

72. a

73. c

74. b

75. a

76. b

77. c

78. b

79. c

80. c

81. c

82. c

83. b

84. a

85. b

86. c

87. a

88. c

89. a

90. c

91. b

92. c

93. b

94. b

95. a

96. b

97. c

98. b

99. c

100. a

101. c

102. b

103. c

104. a

105. b

106. c

107. b

108. b

109. c

110. c

111. b

112. c

113. c

114. b

115. b

116. b

117. b

118. c

119. a

120. b

Task 2

1. c

2. c

3. c

4. a

5. b

6. c

7. c

8. a

9. a

10. a

11. a

12. b

13. c

14. b

15. b

16. a

17. a

18. a

19. c

20. b

21. b

22. b

23. c

24. b

25. a

26. a

27. c

28. c

29. a

30. a

31. c

32. a

33. b

34. a

35. b

36. a

37. c

38. b

39. a

40. c

41. c

42. a

43. c

44. c

45. b

46. a

47. c

48. b

49. b

50. c

51. b

52. b

53. b

54. b

55. c

56. b

57. a

58. c

59. b

60. a

61. a

62. b

63. c

64. b

65. c

66. a

67. c

68. c

69. b

70. b

71. c

72. a

73. c

74. a

75. c

76. c

77. c

78. c

79. c

80. c

81. c

82. b

83. c

84. b

85. b

86. b

87. a

88. a

89. c

90. a

91. a

92. a

93. b

94. b

95. c

96. a

97. c

98. a

99. a

100. a

101. b

102. b

103. b

104. a

105. b

106. b

107. c

108. a

109. b

110. b

111. b

112. c

113. b

114. c

115. b

116. a

117. b

118. c

119. c

120. b

Task 3

1.

had studied, went

2. haven’t written, had moved

3. didn’t know, were

4. didn’t understand, wanted

5. told, had been arrested

6. had taken, began

7. rode, was waiting for

8. knew, had kept

9. are laughing, is wrong

10. wanted, asked

11. had returned, got married

12. went, started

13. saw, was typing

14. had, decided

15. will get angry with, say

16. had read, went

17. got on, felt

18. learned, had left

19. don’t think, is

20. thought, was

21. had injured, had happened

22. go, will tell

23. had been operated on, would stay

24. will go, will come

25. were, left

26. had come back, rang up

27. see, will invite

28. would be bombed, had to go

29. did arrive, didn’t see

30. was wearing, liked

31. had sent, got

32. was, loved

33. lived, gave

34. will see, are not

35. have, get

36. came back, had looked through

37. admired, was speaking

38. was reading, had borrowed

39. had, didn’t take

40. take, will be

41. don’t know, had put

42. was, has been

43. wasn’t able, told

44. felt, didn’t find

45. turned out, had solved

46. got, had left

47. gave, have bought

48. saw, were leaving

49. felt, didn’t smile

50. managed, brought

51. came, had been sold out

52. appeared, calmed down

53. wouldn’t arrive, decided

54. forgets, remind

55. doesn’t understand, is

56. had left, rang up

57. would laugh, told

58. was announced, had been presented

59. looked like, recited

60. wonder, will phone

61. come, will have finished

62. patted, looked

63. took, was

64. wanted/wants, had/have

65. gave, have seen

66. don’t hurry, will have started off

67. was standing, didn’t see

68. will discuss, don’t manage

69. knew, was

70. got married, has changed

71. hasn’t seen, did

72. had bought, was closed

73. was sure, would take part

74. came, decided

75. has become, got married

76. arrived, had started

77. was doing, were

78. wanted, had passed

79. was waiting for, saw

80. draw, seemed

81. had finished, took

82. asked, liked

83. decided, lived

84. did see, wanted

85. was given, was asked

86. had forgiven, decided

87. am sure, will have finished

88. is, admire

89. have known, are

90. is being built, have to

91. had asked, wrote

92. do remember, met

93. asked, was

94. met, were

95. have, go

96. worked, came

97. has lost, needs

98. had disappeared, hadn’t been found

99. comes, will tell

100. will be able, had

101. would ring up, was unable

102. was offered, was

103. was reading, had left

104. was painted, given

105. is working, will win

106. would send, cared

107. opened, jumped

108. would arrive, came

109. went, were closed

110. would, needed

111. would disappointed, found out

112. do you know, invented

113. cried, didn’t know

114. tries, turns up

115. hasn’t phoned, was waiting for

116. would forgive, was

117. have come, are

118. fought, were sure

119. opened, was explaining

120. told, had chosen

121. will have finished, I am sure

122. put up, began

123. smiled, understood

124. am, will come

125. heard, shocked

126. was waiting, passed

127. had constructed, needed

128. knew, was presented

129. succeeded, are feeling

130. found, left

Task 4

1. was asked, got

2. will lend, will pay

3. had left, got

4. enjoyed, went

5. looked worried, saw

6. told, had happened

7. would do, wanted

8. got, had swum

9. gathered and asked

10. didn’t know, introduced

11. couldn’t understand, refused

12. were you doing, couldn’t

13. hadn’t rung up, finished

14. knew, had arrived

15. didn’t know, was ill

16. was taken, stayed

17. wondered, would be back

18. had been, visited

19. was, tried

20. understood, had read

21. had left, lived

22. didn’t know, asked

23. was he doing, called on

24. has had, was

25. was walking, hasn’t seen

26. would be brought, haven’t seen

27. wants, will go

28. had worked, entered

29. haven’t met, graduated

30. was, cold

31. was asked, hasn’t passed

32. is, will tell

33. left, had forgotten

34. has finished, was about

35. left, reached

36. didn’t take part, had broken

37. hasn’t tried, seemed

38. had stopped, left

39. turns on, begins

40. was raining, didn’t enjoy

41. were told, would be

42. were allowed, had

43. arrived, had gone

44. has visited, was

45. don’t hurry, will miss

46. will have, work

47. will join, finished

48. found out, had broken

49. had looked through, came

50. will tell, see

51. are not alloyed, is

52. will borrow, don’t mined

53. doesn’t want, has seen

54. hasn’t got, decided

55. were, was staying

56. are, rains

57. is, has worked

58. did, had made

59. see, remember

60. has never had, was watching

61. got, had been sold out

62. will go, stops

63. know, have never flown

64. have never been, moved

65. saw, stopped

66. was frightened, didn’t say

67. don’t come, will not wait for

68. had got, phoned

69. have seen, to go

70. asked, had happened

71. were invited, was

72. will wait, come

73. is, have known

74. were having, came

75. does look like, haven’t seen

76. told, had been operated on

77. will feel, eat

78. was sitting, was working

79. got, had taken off

80. came, had found

81. were busy, decided

82. asked, were staying

83. were, have known

84. have read, was

85. asked, didn’t understand

86. had heard, could

87. failed, sent

88. had been, arrived

89. have been, have read

90. missed, were waiting for

91. were invited, had taken

92. knew, wouldn’t be able

93. had given up, got

94. hasn’t seen, can’t

95. looked happy, presented

96. arrived, decided

97. woke up, was making

98. had come, died

99. hasn’t been, doesn’t know

100. were angry, had broken

101. asked, thought

102. said, hadn’t opened

103. had moved, decided

104. haven’t seen, am sure

105. built, were

106. have never seen, served

107. knew, would arrive

108. entered, had begun

109. didn’t know, was

110. spoke

111. were sent, wasn’t found

112. were informed, wouldn’t be able

113. had got married, saw

114. discovered, built

115. didn’t have, had helped

116. would help, needed

117. feels, won’t go

118. had got, went

119. is, can

120. fell down, hurt

121. believe, will be

122. will visit, passes

123. had earned, decided

124. hadn’t been, left

125. took care, were

126. is raining, rains

127. don’t want, hasn’t graduated

128. had left, died

129. sees, takes off

130. said, would wait for

Unit 2

Task 1

1. broken

2. trembling

3. crying

4. interesting

5. burning

6. exciting

7. smiling

8. frightening

9. frightened

10. advanced

11. approving

12. approved

13. blowing

14. boring

15. cleaning

16. cleaned

17. closed

18. crowded

19. aching

20. parked

Task 2

1.b

2. a

3. b

4. c

5. c

6. b

7. b

8. b

9. c

10. b

11. c

12. a

13. b

14. a

15. b

16. c

17. b

18. b

19. a

20. a

21. c

22. c

23. b

24. c

25. c

26. c

27. a

28. a

29. b

30. c

31. c

32. a

33. c

34. a

35. b

36. b

37. c

38. c

39. c

40. a

41. c

42. b

43. a

44. a

45. b

46. b

47. c

48. b

49. c

50. b

51. b

52. a

53. a

54. a

55. c

56. c

57. b

58. b

59. a

60. a

Unit 6

Reading comprehension

Task 2

Text 1 1-D 2-B 3-B 4-B 5-C

Text 2 1-C 2-B 3-C 4-C 5-C

Text 3 1-C 2-D 3-C 4-B 5-D

Text 4 1-D 2-C 3-C 4-B 5-A

Task 3

Text 1 1 unlimited, 2 absorbing, 3 closely, 4 to absorb, 5 damages, 6 forest, 7 damaging, 8 resulting, 9 numerous, 10 most

Text 2 1 anybody, 2 few, 3 twice, 4 could, 5 working, 6 also, 7 think, 8 powers, 9 strange, 10 constructing

Text 3 1 far, 2 less, 3 pace, 4 developing, 5 anything, 6 swiftly, 7 continued, 8 seeking, 9 ways, 10 same

Text 4 1 tendencies, 2 to decide/know, 3 to form, 4 force, 5 trained, 6 enough, 7 known, 8 gathered, 9 won, 10 enemy

Text 5 la rarity, 2 dedicated, 3 to recognize, 4 to do, 5 such, 6 lying, 7 disappointing, 8 much, 9 looking, 10 hardly

Text 6 1 most, 2 may, 3 education, 4 hard/more, 5 to abolish, 6 opposed, 7 based, 8 to form, 9 victories, 10 former

Text 7 1 fitness/training, 2 competed, 3 greatly, 4 friendship, 5 like, 6 formed/made, 7 opening, 8 declares, 9 representing, 10 part

Text 8 1 raising, 2 go, 3 knife, 4 few, 5 other, 6 limitlessly, 7 time, 8 knowing, 9 soft, 10 unlike

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