Teacher of Phonetics

L.E.Kukolshchikova

Contents

General preface……………………………………………………………..6

I. Introductory Notes…………………………………………………..8

I.1 RP………………………………………………………………………..8

I.2 Conscious approach…………………………………………………...9

I.3 Some principle differences between Russian and English articulation………………………………………………………………...10

I.4 Some common phonetic phenomena………………………………...14

I.5 The articulators and principal resonators of a speech mechanism.15

I.6 Phoneme and allophones……………………………………………..17

I.7 Classification of English phonemes…………………………………18

I.8 Aspiration……………………………………………………………...24

I.9 Vowel duration………………………………………………………..26

I.10 Key to phonetic symbols……………………………………………28

I.11 Allophonic signs……………………………………………………..30

II. Phonemic drills……………………………………………………..31

III. Appendices……………………………………………….………….67

Appendix A Glossary to Preface and Introductory notes……….67

Appendix B Glossary to Phonemic Drills………………………..74

Appendix C Samples of Test Assignments……………………….90

References………………………………………………………………..106

GENERAL PREFACE

This pronunciation practice book is rather a complete reference to 49 English phonemes. It is intended for anyone who needs simple and direct guidance about the mechanism of producing any English vowel or consonant. The practice book is designed to answer the questions about a concrete realization of a certain phoneme in all its positional and combinatorial manifestations. It is widely believed that only conscious approach to the study of phonemes and their allophones may result in perfect pronunciation of learners.

Clear and simple recommendations are given, highlighting correct and acceptable Standard British English.

They also help the learners to have a clear notion about the place of every phoneme in a special sound system of English, a corresponding definition of it and the realization of a certain "phonemic family” /D.Jones/.

The material provided in this book is of vital importance to those teachers of English, who are the native speakers of Russian. The introductory part of this practice book should be the part a student might want to look at first. The attention is consistently paid to some particular differences between English and Russian pronouncing mechanisms, articulatory basis, functioning of some organs of speech and the systems of sounds on the whole.

The second unit of this practice book comprises not only definitions and representations of all allophonic distributions but also some concrete exercises based on the principles, elaborated by the scholars of St. Petersburg School of Phonology: not a single phoneme can be practised in the following exercise if it has not yet been introduced in the previous one.

The Aids are provided with four appendices inside the back cover of it:

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