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The position of attributes
§ 86. The position of an attribute depends on the following:
1. The morphological nature of the attribute. Adjectives, participles, gerunds, nouns in the common and the possessive cases, pronouns, ordinal numerals, and quotation nouns generally premodify the headword.
He was a little man, with a thin voice.
Val had just changed out of riding clothes and was on his way to the party.
The apple trees were in blossom.
It’s not always easy to understand a child’s language.
The third attempt gave no result.
His eyes travelled over the landscape at their feet.
Adverbs, statives, cardinal numerals and infinitives are generally postmodifying attributes.
Participles II, statives, and adjectives of verbal origin used as attributes also tend to occupy the position after the headword.
The people involved were reported to the police.
When we build cities we think about generations unborn.
Adjectives ending in -able, -ible are mostly postpositive as attributes. They often follow a headword preceded by only or a similar word with a limiting meaning.
The only person visible was the policeman (who could be seen).
The only way of escaping imaginable was through the window (which could be imagined).
2. Тhe extension of the attribute. Non-detached attributes are postmodifying when expressed by extended phrases or complexes.
The influence of extension can be illustrated by the following pairs of examples:
| It is a sensible suggestion. He found himself in a difficult situation. | It is a suggestion sensible in many ways. He found himself in a situation difficult from his point of view. |
Here are some more examples:
They passed the bodies of British soldiers killed that night.
It was a little log house with whitewashed walls.
He held a letter in his hands, a letter from his mother.
He appeared to be a small man of about fifty.
They chose a way longer than the other.
3. The morphological nature of the headword. Such words as demonstrative or indefinite pronouns and numerals cannot have an attribute in preposition.
Those coming first occupied the best seats.
Most of their time animals spend in search of something eatable.
There is nothing interesting in this book.
All present were disgusted by his behaviour.
Note 1:
Non-detached postmodifying attributes are foundin traditional phrases borrowed from French or Latin, such as blood royal, time immemorial, the second person plural, heir apparent (heir presumptive). Lords spiritual, Lords temporal.
Note 2:
There are cases when the headword is embedded between parts of the attribute, as in:
I was told that you were the best man available (the best available man).
Types of connection between an attribute and its headword
§ 87. From the point of view of their connection with the headword and other parts of the sentence, attributes may be divided into nondetached (close) and detached (loose) ones.
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