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The paradigm of the verb in the future indefinite

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Affirmative   Interrogative
I shall speak He (she, it) will speak We shall speak You will speak They will speak     (I’ll speak) Shall I speak? Will he (she, it) speak? Shall we speak? Will you speak? Will they speak?

Negative

I shall not (shan’t) speak He (she, it) will not (won’t) speak We shall not (shan’t) speak You will not (won’t) speak They will not (won’t) speak

Negative-interrogative

a) Shall I not speak? Will he (she, it) not speak? Shall we not speak? Will you not speak? Will they not speak? b) Shan’t I speak? Won’t be (she, it) speak? Shan’t we speak? Won’t you speak? Won’t they speak?

§ 44. The future indefinite is used to denote:

1. Simple facts in the future.

He will return tomorrow.

I shan’t stay with them.

It will be cold in the evening.

 

2. A succession of actions in the future.

 

He’ ll ring you up and tell you everything.

I’ ll take her up to town, we’ ll do some shopping, and have lunch, so we shall be back in late afternoon.

 

3. Habitual actions in the future.

 

So I’ ll see you often in winter?

He will stay with us as often as possible.

I hope you will write regularly.

 

The future indefinite is not used in subordinate adverbial clauses of time and condition introduced by the connectives when, while, till, until, before, after, as soon as, if, unless, in case (that), on condition that, provided, etc. In such clauses the present indefinite tense is used instead:

 

They will wait till it grows dark.

When she comes, ask her to type this letter.

Unless you’ re careful, you'll get into trouble.

 

Care should be taken to distinguish between the adverbial clauses of time or condition and object clauses introduced by the conjunctions when and if, in the case of object clauses any tense required by the sense can be used:

 

I don’t know when I’ ll come again.

Ask him if he’ ll do it at all.

 

§ 45. The Future indefinite can express various shades of aspective meaning, depending on the lexical meaning of the verb and the context. Therefore the ways of rendering it in Russian may be different. It can be translated by the future tense of both perfective and imperfective aspects with all possible shades of their meanings. Here are some examples:

 

I’ll write this letter on Sunday. Я напишу это письмо в воскресенье. (A perfective action.)  
She will stay with them for а whole week. Она будет гостить у них целую неделю. (An imperfective, durative action.)  
I shall write to you every day. Я буду писать тебе каждый день (An imperfective, iterative action.)  
Don’t be afraid, I shan’t hit him. He бойся, я его не ударю. (A perfective, momentary action.)

 

The future continuous

 

§ 46. Formation. All the forms of the future continuous are analytic. They are formed with the future indefinite of the auxiliary to be (shall be, will be) and participle I of the notional verb.

In the interrogative the corresponding form of the first auxiliary (shall/will) is placed in front of the subject, the second auxiliary (be) and participle I follow the subject.

In the negative the corresponding negative forms of the first auxiliary (shall/will) are used, the second auxiliary (be) and participle I follow them.

In the negative-interrogative the corresponding negative-interrogativte forms of the first auxiliary (shall/will) are used, the second auxiliary (be) and participle I follow the subject.

 


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