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The gerund and the infinitive compared
§ 127. The gerund and the infinitive have much in common since they both have some nominal and some verbal features. However, in the infinitive the verbal nature is more prominent, whereas in the gerund the nominal one. The basic difference in their meaning is that the gerund is more general, whereas the infinitive is more specific and more bound to some particular occasion. When they combine with the same verb the difference in their meaning and use should be fully realized.
1. With the verbs to like, to hate, to prefer the gerund expresses a more general or a habitual action, the infinitive a specific single action:
2. With the verbs to begin and to start either form may generally be used, but again the gerund is preferable when the action is more general.
No gerund is used:
a) when the finite verb is in the continuous form.
He is beginning to study French. It’s beginning to rain.
b) with the verbs to understand and to see (meaning to understand).
He began to understand how it was done.
c) when the subject denotes a thing, not a living being.
The doors began to creak. The clock began to strike.
3. The verb to remember is followed by a gerund when it means a prior action (to recall, to keep in one’s memory some past event), and by an infinitive when it means a simultaneous action (the working of one’s memory).
The same refers to the verb to forget.
4. The verb to regret is followed by the gerund to suggest priority, whereas the infinitive suggests a simultaneous action.
5. a) after to stop the gerund is used when it suggests the end of the action denoted by the gerund, whereas the infinitive is used as an adverbial of purpose.
b) The phrasal verb to go on with a gerund suggests the continuation of the action, denoted by the gerund and forms part of a compound verbal predicate; an infinitive points out a new stage in the sequence of actions.
6. The verb to allow is used with a gerund when it is not followed by an indirect object.
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