What are you doing tomorrow?

A They are playing tennis (now). He is playing tennis tomorrow.

We use am/ is/ are + -ing (present continuous) for something happening now.

• “Where are Sue and Caroline?” “They’re playing tennis in the park.”

• Please be quiet. I’m working.

We also use am/ is/ are + -ing for the future (tomorrow/ next week etc.)

• Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow.

• I’m not working next week.

B I am doing something tomorrow = I have arranged to do it. I have a plan to do it.

• Alice is going to the dentist on Friday.

(= she has an appointment to see the dentist)

• We’re having a party next weekend.

• Are you meeting Bill this evening?

• I’m not going out tonight. I’m staying at home.

C Do not use the present simple (I stay/ do you go etc.) for plans and arrangements.

• I’m staying at home this evening.

• Are you going out tonight?

• Ann isn’t coming to the party next week.

But we use the present simple for timetables, programmes, trains, buses etc.:

• The train arrives at 7.30.

• What time does the film finish?

Compare:

present continuous – usually for people present simple – timetables etc.

• I’m going to a concert tomorrow. • The concert starts at 7.30.

• What time are you leaving? • What time does your train leave?

Exercises.

1.1. Write sentences. All the sentences are future.

1. you/ go/ out/ tonight?

2. you/ work/ next week?

3. what/ you/ do/ tomorrow evening?

4. what time/ your friends/ arrive?

5. when/ Liz/ go/ on holiday?

1.2. Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?

1. I’m staying at home tonight.

2. I’m going to the theatre on Monday.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.3. Put the verbs in the present continuous (he is leaving) or present simple (the train leaves etc.).

1. “_____ (you/ go) out this evening?” “No, I’m too tired.”

2. _____ (we/ go) to a concert this evening. _____ (it/ start) at 7.30.

3. Do you know about Sally? _____ (she/ get) married next month!

4. A: My parents _____ (go) on holiday next week.

B: Oh, that’s nice. Where _____ (they/ go)?

5. Silvia is doing an English course at the moment. The course _____ (finish) on Friday.

6. There’s a football match tomorrow but _____ (I/ not/ go).

7. _____ (I/ go) out with some friends tonight. Why don’t you come too? _____ (we/ meet) at John’s house at 8 o’clock.

8. A: How _____ (you/ get) home after the party tomorrow? By taxi?

B: No, I can go by bus. The last bus _____ (leave) at midnight.

9. A: Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?

B: Yes, what time _____ (the film/ begin)?

10. A: What _____ (you/ do) nest Monday afternoon?

B: _____ (I/ work).

I’m going to …

A I am going to do something = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:

I decided to do it (past) _____ I’m going to do it (now) → future

• I’m going to buy some books tomorrow.

• Sarah is going to sell her car.

• I’m not going to have breakfast this morning. I’m not hungry.

• What are you going to wear to the party tonight?

• “Your hands are dirty.” “Yes, I know. I’ going to wash them.”

• Are you going to invite John to your party?

We also use the present continuous (I am doing) for the future, usually for arrangements.

• I am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow.

B Something is going to happen

Something is going to happen = it is clear now that it is sure to happen:

• Look at the sky! It’s going to rain. (black clouds now → rain)

• Oh, dear! It’s 9 o’clock and I’m not ready. I’m going to be late.

(9 o’clock now and not ready → late)

Exercises.

1.1. Complete the sentences. Use ‘going to’ + one of these verbs:

eat, do, give, lie down, stay, walk, wash, watch, wear

1. My hands are dirty. I _____ them.

2. What _____ to the party tonight?

3. I don’t want to go home by bus. I _____

4. John is going to London next week. He _____ with some friends.

5. I’m hungry. I _____ this sandwich.

6. It’s Sharon’s birthday next week. We _____ her a present.

7. Sue says she’s feeling very tired. She _____ for an hour.

8. There’s a good film on TV this evening. _____ you _____ it?

9. What _____ Rachel _____ when she leaves school?

1.2. What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences.

1. I’m going _____

2. I’m going _____

3. I’m going _____

Will/ shall

A We use ‘will’ for the future (tomorrow, next week etc):

• Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she’ll be in Rome. Next week she’ll be in Tokyo.

• You can phone me this evening. I’ll be at home.

• Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it.

• We’ll probably go out this evening.

• I won’t be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here.)

• Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won’t sleep.

We often say I think … will …:

• I think Diana will pass the exam.

• I don’t think it will rain this afternoon.

• Do you think the exam will be difficult?

B We do not use ‘will’ for things we have arranged or decided to do.

• We’re going to the cinema on Saturday.

• I’m not working tomorrow.

• Are you going to do the exam?

Cshall You can say ‘I shall (= I will) and we shall (= we will)’:

• I shall be late tomorrow. or I will (I’ll) be late tomorrow.

• I think we shall win. or I think we will (we’ll) win.

Exercises.

1. Helen is traveling in Europe. Complete the sentences with she was, she’s or she’ll be.

1. Yesterday _____ in Paris.

2. Tomorrow _____ in Amsterdam.

3. Last week _____ in Barcelona.

4. Next week _____ in London.

5. At the moment _____ in Brussels.

6. Three days ago _____ in Munich.

7. At the end of her trip _____ very tired.

2. Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:

I’ll be … or I’ll probablybe … or I don’t know where I’ll be.

1) at 10 o’clock tomorrow

I’ll probably be on the beach. Or I’ll be at work. Or I don’t know where I’ll be.

2) an hour from now

3) at midnight tonight

4) at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon

5) two years from now

3. Put in will (‘ ll) or won’t.

1) Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You ___ sleep.

2) “Are you ready yet?” “Not yet. I ___ be ready in five minutes.”

3) I’m going away for a few days. I’m leaving tonight, so I ___ be at home tomorrow.

4) It ____ rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.

5) A: I don’t feel very well this evening.

B: Well, go to bed early and you ___ feel better in the morning.

6) It’s Bill birthday next Monday. He ___ be 25.

7) I’m sorry I was late this morning. It ___ happen again.

4. Write sentences beginning with I think … or I don’t think …

1) Diana will pass the exam

2) Diana won’t pass the exam

3) we’ll win the game

4) I won’t be here tomorrow

5) Sue will like her present

6) they won’t get married

7) you won’t enjoy the film

might

A • “Where are you going for your holiday?” “I’m not sure. I might go to New York.”

• He might go to New York. (= it is possible that he will go to New York)

• might + infinitive (might go/ might be/ might rain etc.)

B I might… = it is possible that I will…:

• I might go to the cinema this evening. (= it is possible that I will go)

• A: When is Barbara going to phone you?

B: I don’t know. She might phone this afternoon.

• Take an umbrella with you. It might rain.

• Buy a lottery ticket. You might be lucky. (= perhaps you’ll be lucky)

• “Are you going out tonight?” “I might.” (= I might go out.)

Study the difference:

• I’m playing tennis tomorrow. (sure) I might play tennis tomorrow. (possible)

• Barbara is going to phone. (sure) Barbara might phone later. (possible)

C The negative is might not:

• I might not go to work tomorrow. (= it is possible that I will not go)

• Sue might not come to the party. (= it is possible that she will not come)

Dmay You can use may in the same way. I may … = I might …:

• I may go to the cinema this evening. (= I might go)

• Sue may not come to the party. (= Sue might not come.)

May I …? = Is it OK to…/ Can I?

• May I ask a question? (= Can I ask?)

• “May I sit here?” “Ye. Of course.”

Exercises.

1. Write sentences with might.

1) it’s possible that I’ll go to the cinema ______________________

2) it’s possible that I’ll see you tomorrow _________________________

3) it’s possible that Ann will forget to phone _________________________

4) it’s possible that it will snow today _______________________________

5) it’s possible that I’ll be late tonight _______________________________

Write sentences with might not.

6) it’s possible that Mary will not be here ______________________________

7) it’s possible that I won’t have time to meet you ________________________

2. Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas but you are not sure. Choose from the list and write sentences with I might.

fish, go away, Italy, Monday, new car, taxi

1) Where are you going for your holiday? I’m not sure. ___________

2) What are you doing at the weekend? I don’t know. ____________

3) When will you see Ann again? I’m not sure. ____________

4) What are you going to have for dinner? I don’t know. ____________

5) How are you going to get home tonight? I’m not sure. _____________

6) I hear you won some money.

What are you going to do with it? I haven’t decided yet. ______

3. You ask Bill questions about his plans. Sometimes he is sure but usually he is not sure.

1) Are you planning tennis tomorrow? Yes, in the afternoon.

2) Are you going out in the evening? Possibly.

3) Are you going to get up early? Perhaps.

4) Are you working tomorrow? No, I’m not.

5) Will you be at home tomorrow morning? Maybe.

6) Are you going to watch television? I might.

7) Are you going out in the afternoon? Yes, I am.

8) Are you going shopping? Perhaps.

Now write about Bill. Use might where necessary.

1) He’s playing tennis tomorrow afternoon.

2) He might go out this evening.

3) _____________________________________________

4) _______________________________________________

5) ______________________________________________

6) ________________________________________________

7) __________________________________________________

8) ________________________________________________

4. Write three things that you might do tomorrow.

1) __________________________________________

2) ___________________________________________

3) ____________________________________________

can and could

A I can do something = I know how to do it or it is possible for me to do it:

• I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano too.

• Sarah can speak Italian but she can’t speak Spanish.

• “Can you swim?” “Yes. but I’m not a very good swimmer.”

• “Can you change twenty pounds?” “I’m sorry, I can’t.”

• I’m having a party next week but Paul and Jenny can’t come.

C For the past (yesterday/ last week etc.), we use could / couldn’t:

• When I was young, I could run very fast.

• Before Anna came to Britain, she couldn’t understand much English. Now she can understand everything.

• I was tired last night but I couldn’t sleep.

• I had a party last week but Paul and Jenny couldn’t come.

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