Must mustn’t needn’t

A Use must when you think it is necessary to do something:

• The window are very dirty. You must clean them.

• It’s a fantastic film. You must see it.

• We must go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.

For the past (yesterday/ last week etc.), we se had to … (not must):

• We had to go to the bank yesterday.

• I had to walk home last night. There were no buses.

B mustn’t = must not

I mustn’t (do something) – it is necessary not to do it, it is the wrong thing to do:

• I must hurry. I mustn’t be late.

• I mustn’t forget to phone Julia. (= I must remember to phone her)

• Be happy! You mustn’t be sad. (= don’t be sad)

• You mustn’t touch the pictures. (= don’t touch the pictures)

C needn’t = need not

I needn’t (do something) = it is not necessary to do it, I don’t need to do it:

• I needn’t clean the windows. They aren’t very dirty.

• You needn’t go to the bank today. I can give you some money.

You can also say don’t need to … = needn’t:

• I don’t need to clean the windows,

• You don’t need to go to the bank today.

Compare needn’t and mustn’t:

• You needn’t go. You can stay here if you want.

• You mustn’t go. You must stay here.

Exercises.

1. Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs.

be, go, go, learn, meet, wash, win

1) We _____ to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.

2) Marilyn is a very interesting person. You _____ her.

3) My hands are dirty. I_____ them.

4) You _____ to drive. It will be very useful.

5) I _____ to the post office. I need some stamps.

6) The game tomorrow is very important for us. We _____.

7) You can’t always have things immediately. You _____ patient.

2. Put in I must or I had to.

1) I _____ go to the bank yesterday to get some money.

2) It’s late. _____ go now.

3) I don’t usually work on Saturdays but last Saturday I _____ work.

4) _____ get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.

5) I went to London by train last week. The train was full and ___stand all the way.

6) I was nearly late for my appointment this morning. ___run to get there on time.

7) I forgot o phone David yesterday. _____ phone him later today.

3. Complete the sentences. Use mustn’t or needn’t + one of these verbs:

clean, forget, hurry, lose, wait, write

1) The windows aren’t very dirty. You _____ them.

2) We have a lot of time. We _____.

3) Keep these documents in a safe place. You _____ them.

4) I’m not ready yet but you ____ for me. You can go now and I’ll come later.

5) We _____ to turn off the lights before we leave.

6) I _____ the letter now, I can do it tomorrow.

4. Find the sentences with the same meaning.

1) We can leave the meeting early. A We must stay until the end. 1 D

2) We must leave the meeting early. B We couldn’t stay until the end. 2 __

3) We mustn’t leave the meeting early. C We can’t stay until the end. 3 __

4) We needn’t leave the meeting early. D We needn’t stay until the end. 4 __

5) We had to leave the meeting early. E We can stay until the end. 5 __

5. Put in must / had to / mustn’t / needn’t.

1) You _____ go. You can stay here if you want.

2) It’s fantastic film. You _____ see it.

3) We’ve got enough food, so we _____ go shopping.

4) We didn’t have any food yesterday, so we _____ go shopping.

5) I want to know what happened. You _____ tell me.

6) You _____ tell Sue what happened. I don’t want her to know.

7) I _____ hurry or I’ll be late.

8) “Why were you so late?” “I _____ wait half an hour for a bus.”

9) We _____ decide now. We can decide later.

Should

A You shouldn’t watch TV so much.

should + infinitive (should do/ should watch etc.)

B (You) should do something = it is a good thing to do, it the right thing to do

• Tom should go to bed earlier. He goes to bed very late and he’s always tired.

• It’s a good film. You should go and see it.

• When you play tennis, you should always watch the ball.

C (You) shouldn’t do something = it is not a good thing to do.

shouldn’t = should not

• Tom shouldn’t go to bed so late.

• You watch TV all the time. You shouldn’t watch TV so much.

D We often use think with should:

I think… should…:

• I think Carol should buy some new clothes. (= I think it is a good idea.)

• It’s late. I think I should go home now.

• A: Shall I buy this coat?

B: Yes, I think you should.

I don’t think… should …:

• I don’t think you should work so hard. (= I don’t think it is a good idea.)

• I don’t think we should go yet. It’s too early.

Do you think … should …?

• Do you think I should buy this hat?

• What time do you think we should go home?

Emust is stronger than should:

• It’s a good film. You should go and see it.

• It’s a fantastic film. You must go and see it.

F Another way to say should … is ought to …:

• It’s a good film. You ought to go and see it. (= you should go)

• I think Carol ought to buy some new clothes. (= Carol should buy)

Exercises.

1. Complete the sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs:

clean, go, take, visit, watch, wear

1) When you play tennis, _______ the ball.

2) It’s late and you’re very tired. _______ to bed.

3) _______ your teeth twice a day.

4) If you have time, _______ the Science Museum. It’s very interesting.

5) When you’re driving, _______ a seat belt.

6) It’s too far to walk from here to the station. _______ a taxi.

2. You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with Do you think I should …?

1) You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket. You ask you friend:___(buy?)

2) You can’t drive. You ask you friend:___(learn?)

3) You don’t like your job. You ask you friend:___(get another job?)

4) You are going to have a party. You ask you friend:___(invite Gary?)

3. Write sentences with I think… should… or I don’t think… should….

1) It’s late. (go home now) ___________________________________

2) That coat is too big for you. (buy it) ______________________________

3) You don’t need your car. (sell it) _______________________________

4) Diana needs a rest. (have a holiday) _____________________________

5) Sally and Colin are too young. (get married) _________________________

6) You’re not well this morning. (go to work) ___________________________

7) James isn’t well today. (go to the doctor) ____________________________

8) The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there) ________________________

4. What do you think? Write sentences with should.

1) I think everybody should learn another language.

2) I think everybody ___________________________________

3) I think _____________________________________________

4) I don’t think _________________________________________

5) I think I should _______________________________________

I have to …

A This is my medicine. I have to take it four times a day.

I have to do something = it is necessary for me to do it, I am obliged to do it.

• I’ll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.

• Jill starts work at 7 o’clock, so she has to get up at 6.

• You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.

B The past (yesterday/ last week etc.) is had to …:

• I was late for work yesterday. I had to go to the dentist.

• We had to walk home last night. There were no buses.

C In questions and negatives we use do/does (present) and did (past)

Do I/ we/ you/ they have to…? I/ we/ you/ they don’t have to….

Does he/ she/ it have to…? He/ she/ it doesn’t have to….

Did I/ we/ you/ they/ he/ she/ it have…? I/we/you/they/he/she/it didn’t have to

• What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow?

• Does Jill have to work on Sundays?

• Why did they have to leave the party early?

I don’t have to do something = it is not necessary to do it:

• I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.

• Ian doesn’t have to work very hard. He’s got an easy job.

• We didn’t have to wait very long for the bus.

D must and have to

A Would you like …? = Do you want …?

We use would you like …? to offer things:

• A: Would you like some coffee?

B: No, thank you.

• A: Would you like a chocolate?

B: Yes, please.

• A: What would you like tea or coffee?

B: Tea, please.

We use Would you like to …? to invite somebody:

• Would you like to go for a walk?

• A: Would you like to have dinner with us on Sunday?

B: Yes, I’d love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you)

• What would you like to do this evening?

BI’d like … is a polite way to say “I want”. I’d like = I would like:

• I’m thirsty. I’d like a drink.

• (in a tourist office) I’d like some information about hotels, please.

• I’d like to see the film on television this evening.

C Would you like …? and Do you like …?

Exercises.

1. Use Would you like …?

1) chocolate 3) oranges 5) some cake

2) tea or coffee 4) some cheese 6) something to eat

2. What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to …?

1) You want to go to the cinema tonight. Perhaps Sue will go with you. (go)

You say: ____________________________________________________

2) You want to play tennis tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play too. (play)

You say: _____________________________________________________

3) You’ve got some holiday photographs. Sue hasn’t seen them yet. (see)

You say: ____________________________________________________

4) You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will go. (go)

You say: ____________________________________________________

5) It’s raining and Sue is going out. She hasn’t got an umbrella but you have one. (borrow) You say: _________________________________________________

3. Which is right?

1) Do you like/ Would you like a chocolate? Yes, please.

2) Do you like/ Would you like bananas? Yes, I love them.

3) Do you like/ Would you like an ice-cream? No, thank you.

4) What do you like/ would you like to drink? A glass of water, please.

5) Do you like/ Would you like to go for a walk? Not now. Perhaps later.

6) Do you like/ Would you like something to eat? No, thanks.

I am not hungry.

7) Do you like/ Would you like your new job? Yes, I’m enjoying it.

8) I like/ I’d like tomatoes but I don’t eat them very often.

9) What time do you like/ would you like to have dinner this evening?

10) I’m tired. I like/ I’d like to go to sleep now.

Поиск по сайту: