Past Simple was / were

A am/is (present) → was (past):

• I am tired. (now) I was tired last night.

• Where is Ann now? Where was Ann yesterday?

• The weather is good today. The weather was good last week.

are (present) → were (past):

• You are late. (now) You were late yesterday.

• They aren’t here. (now) They weren’t here last Sunday.

B positive negative question

• Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.

• When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.

• We were hungry after the journey but we weren’t tired.

• The hotel was comfortable but it wasn’t expensive.

• Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

• Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?

• Why were you late this morning?

C short answers: Yes, I/he/she/it was. No, I/she/he/it wasn’t.

Yes, we/you/they were. No, we/you/they weren’t.

• “Were you late?” “No, I wasn’t.”

• “Was Ted at work yesterday?” “Yes, he was.”

• “Were Sue and Steve at the party?” “No, they weren’t.”

Exercises.

1.1. Put in am/is/are (present) or was/were (past).

1. Last year she ___ 22, so she ___ 23 now.

2. Today the weather ___ nice, but yesterday it ___ very cold.

3. I ___ hungry. Can I have something to eat?

4. I feel fine this morning but I ___ very tired last night.

5. Where ___ you at 11 o’clock last Friday morning?

6. Don’t buy those shoes. They ___ very expensive.

7. I like your new jacket. ___ it expensive?

8. This time last year I ___ in Paris.

9. “Where ___ the children?” “I don’t know. They ___ in the garden ten minutes ago.”

1.2. Put in was/were or wasn’t/weren’t.

1. We weren’t happy with the hotel. Our room ___ very small and it ___ very clean.

2. George ___ at work last week because he ___ ill. He’s better now.

3. Yesterday ___ a public holiday so the shops ___ closed. They’re open today.

4. “___ Sue and Bill at the party?” “Sue ___ there but Bill ___.”

5. “Where are my keys?” “I don’t know. They ___ on the table but they’re not there now.”

6. You ___ at home last night. Where ___ you?

1.3. Write questions.

1. late /you /this morning /why? → The traffic was bad.

2. difficult /your exam? → No, it was easy.

3. last week /where /Ann and Chris? → They were on holiday.

4. your new camera / how much? → Sixty pounds.

5. angry/ you/ yesterday/ why? → Because you were late.

6. nice/ the weather/ last week? → Yes, it was beautiful.

Past Simple. Regular and Irregular Verbs.

A The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For example:

work → worked clean → cleaned start → started

stay → stayed arrive → arrived dance → danced

• I clean my teeth every morning. This morning I cleaned my teeth.

• Terry worked in a bank in 2007.

• Yesterday it rained hard all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.

• We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The party finished at midnight.

Spelling: try → tried study → studied copy → copied

stop → stopped plan → planned

B Some verbs are irregular. Give 3 forms of the following verbs:

begin, break, bring, build, buy, catch, come, do, drink, eat, fall, find, fly, forget, get, give, go, have, hear, know, leave, lose, make, meet, pay, put, read, ring, say, see, sell, sit, sleep, speak, stand, take, tell, think, win, write

• I usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30.

• We did a lot of work yesterday.

• Caroline went to the cinema three times last week.

• Jim came into the room. Took off his coat and sat down.

Exercises.

1.1. Write the past simple of these verbs.

play, pay, visit, copy, plan, study, translate, try, stop, arrive, agree, control, clean, look, work, happen, enjoy, want, close, open, finish

1.2. Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple.

clean, die, enjoy, finish, happen, open, rain, start, stay, want

1. I ___ my room yesterday.

2. It was hot in the room, so I ___ the window.

3. The concert ___ at 7.30 and ___ at 10 o’clock.

4. When I was a child, I ___ to be a doctor.

5. The accident ___ last Sunday afternoon.

6. It’s a nice day today but yesterday it ___ all day.

1.3. Some verbs are irregular. Give infinitives from these verbs:

began, broke, brought, built, bought, caught, came, did, drank, ate, fell, found, flew, forgot, got, gave, went, had, heard, knew, left, lost, made, met, paid, put, read, rang, said, saw, sold, sat, slept, spoke, stood, took, told, thought, won, wrote

1.4. Read about Lisa’s journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.

(1) fly, (2) get, (3) have, (4) leave, (5) drive, (6) arrive, (7) park, (8) go, (9) have, (10) go, (11) wait, (12) depart, (13) arrive, (14) take

Last Tuesday Lisa (1) ___ from London to Madrid. She (2) ___ up at six o’clock in the morning and (3) ___ a cup of coffee. At 6.30 she (4) ___ home and (5) ___ to the airport. When she (6) ___ she (7) ___ the car and then (8) ___ to the airport café where she (9) ___ breakfast. Then she (10) ___ through passport control and (11) ___ for the flight. The plane (12) ___ on time and (13) ___ in Madrid two hours later. Finally she (14) a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid.

1.5. Write sentences about the past (yesterday, last week etc.)

1. Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday ______________

2. Rachel often loses her keys. She _______________________

3. Kate meets her friends every evening. She _____________________

4. I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I ________________

5. I usually go to the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday __________________

6. I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I _________________________

7. Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning he ______________

8. Our friends come to see us every Friday. They _______________ last Friday.

1.6. Write sentences about what you did yesterday. (6)

1. I played volleyball yesterday.

Past Simple (Negative and Questions)

A We use did in the past simple negatives and questions:

1. I played. I did not (didn’t) play. Did I play?

2. We started. We did (didn’t) start. Did we start?

3. You watched. You did (didn’t) watch. Did you watch?

4. They had. They did (didn’t) have. Did they have?

5. He saw. He did (didn’t) see. Did he see?

6. She did. She did (didn’t) do. Did she do?

7. It went. It did (didn’t) go. Did it go?

B Study the word order in questions: did + subject + infinitive

C Short answers: Yes, I/we/you/they/he/she/it did.

No, I/we you/they/he/she/it didn’t.

Exercises.

1.1. Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.

1. I saw Barbara but I ________ Jane.

2. They worked on Monday but they _______ on Tuesday.

3. We went to the post office but we _______ to the bank.

4. She had a pen but she _______ any paper.

5. Jack did French at school but he _______ German.

1.2. Write questions with Did …?

1. I watched TV last night. And you?

2. I enjoyed the party. And you?

3. I had a good holiday. And you?

4. I finished work early. And you?

5. I slept well last night. And you?

1.3. What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.

1. watch TV

2. get up before 7 o’clock

3. have a shower

4. buy a magazine

5. eat meat

6. go to bed before 10.30

1.4. Put the verb in the correct form – positive, negative or question.

1. We went to the cinema but the film wasn’t very good. We ___ it. (enjoy)

2. Tim ___ some new clothes yesterday – two shirts, a jacket and a pullover. (buy)

3. “___ it ___ yesterday?” “No, it was a nice day.” (rain)

4. The party wasn’t very good, so we _____ long. (stay)

5. It was very warm in the room, so I _____ a window. (open)

6. “Did you go to the bank this morning?” “No, I _____ time.” (have)

7. “I cut my hand this morning.” “How _____ that?” (do)

1.5. Complete the sentences. Use one word only.

1. I got up early and had a show.

2. Tom was tired last night, so he _____ to bed early.

3. I _____ this pen on the floor. Is it yours?

4. Kate got married when she _____ 23.

5. Helen is learning to drive. She _____ her first lesson yesterday.

6. “I’ve got a new job.” “Yes, I know. David _____ me.”

7. “Where did you buy that book?” “It was a present. Ann _____ it to me.”

8. We _____ hungry, so we had something to eat.

9. “Did you enjoy the film?” “Yes. I _____ it was very good.”

10. “Did Mary come to your party?” “No, we _____ her, but she didn’t come.”

1.6. Put the verbs in the right form (positive, negative or question).

1. It was a good party. I _____ it. (enjoy)

2. “___ you ___ the shopping?” (do) “No, I _____ time.” (have)

3. “Did you phone Ann?” “No, I’m afraid I _____.” (forget)

4. I like your new watch. Where ___ you ___ it? (get)

5. I saw Lucy at the party but I _____ to her. (speak)

6. A: _____ you _____ a nice weekend? (have)

B: Yes, I went to stay with some friends of mine.

7. Paul wasn’t well yesterday, so he _____ to work. (go)

8. “Is Mary here?” “Yes, she _____ five minutes ago.” (arrive)

9. Where _____ Robert _____ before he came here? (live)

10. The restaurant wasn’t expensive. The meal _____ very much. (cost)

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