EXERCISE 2. Analyze the usage of modal verbs in the following contexts. Translate the sentences

1. Nick can run long distances. 2. He can speak many foreign languages. 3. You may join our group. 4. I must excuse myself. 5. You mustn’t park the car here. 6. The boy must see a doctor. 7. You may take this book for a week. 8. You may stay at your friend’s house over the weekend. 9. It may be cold. 10. Jake shouldn’t have laughed at Jon. 11. He ought to be more careful in the future. 12. You are to be at school at 8 in the morning. 13. She is to take her exam in a month. 14. We are to meet her at home. 15. I have to take a taxi in order not to be late. 16. I will be able to do it tomorrow. 17. I have to talk to him about the matter. 18. You must always come in time. 19. May I have a glass of milk? – no, you may not. 20. You should take care of him. 21. Can I have a banana? Could I have a look at the prices? 22. Can you travel anywhere you like without a visa? 23. Can you drive? May you drive us to the school? 24. Can you lend me your bike? 25. Can we cross the street here? 26. Mum, may I have another sweet? 27. What a perfect morning! Who can feel sad at heart on a day like this? 28. fashions may be changing but style remains. 29. Don’t throw it away; it may become useful some day. 30. I can do it for you, it’s not hard anyways.

EXERCISE 3. Insert modal verbs may or can. Translate the sentences.

1. You … come in when you have taken off your shoes. 2. Be careful: you … spill the milk. 3. Most children … slide on the ice very well. 4. … you see anything in this darkness? 5. You … go when you have finished your test. 6. … I use your pen? 7. You.. read this book. You know the language well enough. 8. You … take this book, I don’t need it any more. 9. Do you think you … do it? 10. What time is it? – It … be about 6 o’clock, but I am not sure. 11. You … take a horse to the water, but you … not make him drink. 12. Where nothing is, nothing … be had there. 13. Love … neither be bought nor sold; its only price is love. 14. Man … not live by bread alone. 15. You … take control of your schedule. 16.... you tell me the time, please? 17. No more for me thanks. I... eat another thing. 18. Who is that outside? It... be the postman - he has already been here. 19. We loved the cake.... you give us the recipe for it? 20. My aunt... tell fortunes from tea leaves.

EXERCISE 4. Analyze the usage of modal verb must in the following contexts. Translate the sentences.

1. Who says A must say B. 2. Knowledge must be gained by ourselves. 3. What everybody says must be true. 4. What can't be cured must be endured. 5. I felt sure it must be a ghost, a visitor from another world. 6. I think we must rely only on ourselves. 7. We must not look for a golden life in an iron age. 8. Caesar's wife must be above suspicion. And so should Caesar. 9. Well, I must have looked an ass. 10. My matches have fallen out. I must go and buy some. 11. At work today, my boss told me that I must stop sleeping. 12. He realized he must do it. 13. Henry must be still sleeping. 14. - Must I send the fax and write the contract today? - You needn't send the fax, but you certainly must write the contract.

EXERCISE 5. Translate into English using a modal verb must

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен заниматься каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожными на улице. 6. Сейчас она должна быть дома. 7. Я должна написать письмо брату. 8. Я должна купить продукты на обед.

EXERCISE 6. Analyze the usage of modal verb have to in the following contexts. Translate the sentences.

1. Have a seat, please. I have to make a call before we leave. 2. You've just broken the law and you shall have to answer for it. 3. Norris had to learn a couple of hard lessons on his road to the top. 4. We'll have to label all the goods which we have to sell. 5. Do I have to have another check-up, doctor? 6. He had to raise his voice to be heard through the rising storm. 7. You don't have to cheer up if you don't want to! 8. Jane has to get up early to catch the coach. 9. You'll have to say it to his face. 10. I had to run for my life! But for my feet I would have long been dead! 11. You'll have to be very cautious, it wouldn't do for you to get caught. 12.From now on, my son, you'll have to earn your own living. 13. Mary had to invent a story to escape from thehouse. 14. I understand, darling. Work has to come first. 15. It was something she had to agree to.

EXERCISE 7. Insert modal verbs to be to or to have to. Translate the sentences.

1. She … to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. They decided that she … to send them a telegram every tenth day. 3. You … to learn all the new words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? – He … to be our new teacher. 5. Who … to go to the library to get the new books? – I was, but I couldn’t. 6. It is raining. You … to put on your raincoat. 7. I told her she … to open the window for a while every day. 8. I … to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 9. You … to learn this poem by heart. 10. She … to tell him the truth, there were no other way.

EXERCISE 8. Insert modal verbs should или must. Translate the sentences.

1. You … have studied the material very well. I see you have made no mistakes in the test paper. 2. You … have studied the material very well. Then you will not make so many mistakes. 3. She … have forgotten to take her medicine. 4. She … have remembered to take her medicine. 5. I … have got on the wrong bus. I cannot recognize the places we are passing.

EXERCISE 9. Analyze the usage of modal verbs should and ought to in the following contexts. Translate the sentences.

1. A gentleman should be honest in his actions and refined in his language. 2. Children should be seen and not heard. 3. Law makers should not be law breakers. 4. People should reflect how tender is the Earth's environment. 5. Is it vitally important that I should say "yes"? 6. Well, you should be working now instead of relaxing. 7. Kings ought to be kings in all things. 8. A liar it to have a good memory. 9. We ought to weigh what we can only once decide.10. He ought to have been more tactful.

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