Conserved forages

Many technical books and leaflets give recommendations on the feeding of hay and silage in the rations of different classes of livestock. In most cases these are concerned with forages conserved by fairly traditional methods; field - made hay (at over nine million tons a year by far the main winter forage fed in the U.K.); and trench, clamp or bunker silage. Conservation losses by those methods have generally accepted as running above 30%, and the hay or silage has often contributed only maintenance feeding to the total ration.

These low - to medium quality feeds, made with high losses, will have less role to play in future feeding systems and that if advice is needed on how to make them and feed them, this is already easily available. The concern here will be with the feeding of the better quality conserved feed, described in earlier texts. In them the problems of making hay and silage were discussed. They were obtained from forages cut at a not too mature stage, conserved by practical methods which minimise losses to give feeds of good intake and digestibility characteristics. Only this class of feed can make up a high enough proportion of the ration of productive animals to reduce the level of supplementary feeding with cereals and other concentrates. This will become more important if the price of these supplementary feeds rises more rapidly than the farmer's receipts for milk and meat - as seems likely to happen with in the common market.

Vocabulary.

leaflet - листівка

fairly - чесно, справедливо, цілком

trench silage - траншейний силос

clamp silage - буртовий силос

bunker silage - силос з силосної ями

accept - приймати

running above-„добігати”, перевищувати (тут)

contribute - вкладати, вносити

maintenance – підтримка, утримання

advice - порада,

obtain - отримувати

mature stage - стадія зрілості

intake - поїдаємість

reduce - знижувати

rise - підвищувати

rapidly - швидко

receipt - прибуток, квитанція

common market - спільний ринок

2) Випишіть з тексту всі фахові терміни, вкажіть їх українські еквіваленти та запам’ятайте.

3) Напишіть анотацію до тексту.

IV ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ (обсяг – 15 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту)

1) Прочитайте, перекладіть статті, виписуючи слова в словник.

2) Запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3) Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного.

КОНТРОЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ

ДО САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ

Варіант 7

І ГРАМАТИКА

1) Спишіть, вибираючи правильну форму.

1. Ivanenko (has been working / worked) at the research Institute for five years.

2. Our group (had been working / had worked) in the field for five hours when it began to rain.

3. By the 25-th of August I shall (have been working / work) at our University for thirty years.

4. The car is waiting at the gate. It (has been waiting / has waited) for twenty minutes.

5. I wrote an exercise. It was long and hard. I (had been writing / was writing) about an hour, when she came.

6. We (have been learning / are learning) English for six years.

7. You (will have been translating / are translating) this book by the end of the year, won’t you?

8. After they (had been driving / have driven) for three hours they stopped for lunch.

9. They (have been playing / have played) the piano since dinner time.

10. I (have been helping her / have helped her) with her work for two hours.

2) Спишіть, поставивши дієслово у правильну форму пасивного стану.

1. When I came to Sumy three years ago this bridge across the Psel still (build).

2. The office (clean) at the moment.

3. The roof (repair) the whole month now.

4. They couldn’t take photos as their camera (repair).

5. John said that a new department store (open) some months ago.

6. A new railway station (construct) already in Sumy.

7. Her new book (publish) recently by our University.

8. These questions (discuss) by the moment you come.

9. The new project (not finish) by the end of the next week.

10. The centre of the city (turn) into a real shopping area by the end of the month.

3. Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Добре було б, якби ви поїхали до Лондона.

2. Шкода, що ви не встигли на поїзд.

3. Добре було б, якби ми не вчились по вихідним.

4. Шкода, що пішов дощ.

5. Шкода, що він не подарував мені квіти.

4. Перекладіть англійською мовою, використовуючи складний додаток.

1. Я хотіла б, щоб ти прочитав цю книжку також.

2. Він хотів, щоб Іван дав йому свого підручника.

3. Я сподіваюсь, що ви напишете мені.

4. Вони відчули, що хтось слідкує за ними.

5. Мати бачила, як її син зайшов у кімнату і сів за стіл.

ІІ МОВНА ПРАКТИКА

Підготуйте реферат на тему: «Studies and Practice at the agronomy faculty of Sumy National Agrarian University».

ІІІ РОБОТА З ТЕКСТОМ ЗАГАЛЬНОФАХОВОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ

1) Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово поданий нижче текст.

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