How to prepare the soil for planting

If you want to obtain a successful yield it's very important to take of the soil.

Leeks, for example, prefer a deep, fertile, friable soil with plenty of organic matter. A well-drained, light-textured soi l makes planting and harvesting easy and contributes to production of clean and presentable produce. Some plants do not like acid soils and %prefer a soil reaction of pH 6 or higher. If the soil is too acid, agricultural lime or dolomite can be applied at about 3-5 t/ha and mixed in a month or two before planting.

Thorough land preparation is important to kill weeds and produce a suitable tilth for planting. The first working should be deep, with subsequent cultivations aimed at producing a moist, friable tilth. If the soil is not very fertile, apply a liberal dressing of well-rotted animal manure to the preceding crop. Do not apply organic animal products, such as manure and blood and bone, immediately before planting because they attract the corn seed fly whose larvae will attack the germinating seeds.

Visually check the soil profile well before planting. Rootzone depth is critical to success and should preferably be a minimum of 50 cm because certain plants roots can grow to 1.2 m. Deep ploughing before planting to break up shallow hard pans and compaction layers is important for successful plant growth.

Obtain soil samples from a depth of 0-15 cm, 2-5 months before planting, to determine chemistry and fertilizer requirements, particularly for lime/dolomite and superphosphate. Careful consideration must be given to soil and seed management at sowing time. A light harrowing at sowing time can be used to remove dry soil crusts and allow sowing into moist, friable soil underneath the crusts.

A well-prepared, finely tilled seed bed is essential to:

• assist crop establishment

• kill germinating weeds

• provide good soil moisture at planting time

• suit the particular irrigation method being used.

If the soil is dry, it should be watered before sowing to ensure that the seed is sown into moisture. Typically, soils are initially deep-ripped with strong chisel-type ploughs, then ploughed to a shallower depth with tined implements and disc ploughs.

Soil preparation should commence 2-5 months before planting, and superphosphate and/or lime and manure requirements can be applied and incorporated 6-8 weeks before planting.

2) Випишіть виділені жирним шрифтом слова, вкажіть їх українські еквіваленти та запам’ятайте.

3) Напишіть анотацію до тексту.

IV ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ (обсяг – 15 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту)

1) Прочитайте, перекладіть статті, виписуючи слова в словник.

2) Запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3) Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного.

КОНТРОЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ

ДО САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ

Варіант 14

І ГРАМАТИКА

1) Спишіть, вибираючи правильну часову форму

1. The driver (had not been waiting / hadn’t waited / didn’t wait) even 5 minutes when we came.

2. This post-graduate (will not have been working / will not work / isn’t working) at his report even for half a month by his visit to his adviser.

3. Our group (had been discussing / had discussed / was discussing) our plans for some time when the Dean came.

4. Some Ukrainian writers (have been writing / are writing / have written) several books about History of Ukraine since 1990.

5. For how long (will / have / are) you (been working / worked / working) on this term paper when the adviser invites you again?

6. Nick (had been studying / was studying / studied) Polish for two years before he had his practice on a farm near Krakiv.

7. Her eyes were red. It was clear she (had been crying / was crying / cried).

8. The manager (has been writing / has written / is writing) these letters since morning.

9. They (have been playing / have played / were playing) tennis since lunch time.

10. How long (has / had / is) your mother (been teaching / taught / teaching) English.

2) Спишіть, поставивши дієслово у правильну форму пасивного стану.

1. Kyiv University (found) in 1834.

2. Sumy National Agrarian University (organize) in 1977.

3. These agricultural machines (use) on any farm in any season of the year.

4. All the students of higher schools (teach) foreign languages.

5. These books (return) to the library next week.

6. These articles (translate) by the students in the next-door room now.

7. This text (discuss) at 1 o’clock by the students of my group yesterday.

8. Some bread (buy) already by my sister in the nearest Supermarket.

9. When we came, our car (repair) by that time.

10. These fields (plow) by the end of August.

3) Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Шкода, що я не мав гарних знань англійської минулого року.

2. Добре було б, якби він нас зустрів в аеропорту.

3. Шкода, що ми не пішли разом потанцювати та поспівати на вечірці.

4. Добре було б, якби ми не мали занять в суботу.

5. Шкода, що я не зміг подорожувати до Китаю.

4) Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Я чула, що його ім’я згадувалось декілька разів.

2. Вона хотіла, щоб її діти були щасливими.

3. Ми вважали, що ми встигнемо на поїзд.

4. Ніхто не помітив, як викладач зайшов до аудиторії.

5. Студенти сподівались, що вони складуть іспит гарно.

ІІ МОВНА ПРАКТИКА

Підготуйте реферат на тему: „Students of Agriculture in Great Britain”.

ІІІ РОБОТА З ТЕКСТОМ ЗАГАЛЬНОФАХОВОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ

1) Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово поданий нижче текст.

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