The Feeding Value of Conserved Forages

Hay, silage or dried grass are seldom used as the only feed for productive stock. The aim will be to include as much of them in the total ration as can be fed without reducing the level of animal production obtained.

This is not difficult with low - producing stock such as store cattle, rearing heifers, late - lactation and dry cows. It is with the high - yielding cow, the beef calf and fattening steer that the problem arises of getting a high enough level of nutrient intake, to satisfy production requirements.

High nutrient intake requires a high intake of feed dry matter (intake) and that this feed is efficiently digested by the animal (digestibility).

This digestibility is the main measure of the energy value of the feed. The feed must contain adequate levels of protein, vitamins and minerals. If the farmers are to increase the role of conserved forages in animal feeding they need to understand some very important factors. They determine a) how much conserved forage animals eat b) how efficiently they digest this forage. Because conserved forages are fed as part of a mixed ration it is also important to understand their possible interaction with the other feeds.

Vocabulary.

value - цінність, вартість, значення

stock - худоба

ration – раціон

reduce - знижувати

obtain - отримувати

rearing heifer - вирощувана телиця, ялівка

beef calf - теля на м'ясо

fattening steer - відгодовуваний бичок

late - lactation cow - корова з телям

dry cow - ялова корова

intake - споживання, поглинання

digestibility - легкотравність

2) Випишіть з тексту всі фахові терміни, вкажіть їх українські еквіваленти та запам’ятайте.

3) Напишіть анотацію до тексту.

IV ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ (обсяг – 15 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту)

1) Прочитайте, перекладіть статті, виписуючи слова в словник.

2) Запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3) Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного.

КОНТРОЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ

ДО САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ

Варіант 9

І ГРАМАТИКА

1) Спишіть, вибираючи правильну форму.

1. For the last twenty years she (has been writing / has written / wrote) a history of Ukraine.

2. Have you read the book your brother (has been reading / has read / is reading) for the last week.

3. I am looking for my sunglasses. I am afraid I (have lost / have been loosing / lost) on the beach.

4. Since he (is working / has been working / have worked) here he has written and published some study-books.

5. For many years scientists (were studying / had been studying / have studied) the nucleus before they found that it is possible to split it.

6. These agronomists (had been carrying / have carried / were carrying) out a great number of experiments before they achieved good results.

7. By the end of May my group (will have been learning / have learned / were learned) English twice a week.

8. We (shall have been studying / have studied) at the University for four years more before he graduates from it.

9. We know that our astronomers (have been observing / had observed / observed) the Moon for a long time.

10. The capital of Ukraine (has been spreading / has spread) out since the Civil War.

2) Спишіть, поставивши дієслово у правильну форму пасивного стану.

1. Our students (give) a lot of homework to do every day.

2. What kind of books (discuss) in class tomorrow?

3. Our teacher often (ask) to translate articles from English into Ukrainian as she has been teaching English for about thirty years.

4. Many new houses (build) in Sumy last year.

5. These exercises must (do) by our group now.

6. The delegation of English farmers (not meet) at the railway station yesterday.

7. The problem (not solve) yet by us.

8. He (tell) to work harder if he wants to pass an examination.

9. When the letter (read) by him it was thrown away.

10. As soon as his driving test (pass) by him he bought a car.

3. Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Добре було б, якби ми зустрілись.

2. Шкода, що ви не застали його вдома.

3. Добре було б, якби ми поїхали в Париж.

4. Шкода, що вона не має велосипеда.

5. Шкода, що ви не взяли парасольки.

4. Перекладіть англійською мовою, використовуючи складний додаток.

1. Ми хочемо, щоб ви допомогли нам.

2. Вони сподіваються, що він скоро повернеться.

3. Мій батько чув, як моя мати співала.

4. Викладач наказав студентам залишити аудиторію.

5. Мої батьки хотіли, щоб я закінчила університет.

ІІ МОВНА ПРАКТИКА

Підготуйте реферат на тему: «The System of Higher Agrarian Education in Ukraine».

ІІІ РОБОТА З ТЕКСТОМ ЗАГАЛЬНОФАХОВОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ

1) Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово поданий нижче текст.

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