Crops for conservation

Much the hay and silage made in the United Kingdom is cut from fields which are also grazed. The particular grown crop species must be suitable for grazing too. Cutting is introduced largely to remove excess spring grass and to keep the pastures in good conditions for grazing. In other cases grazing may be secondary to the main purpose of cutting for conservation.

Where the principal use is grazing, the quality of the grass cut for conservation may take second place to the needs of the grazing system.

In making decisions on which crops to grow; yield, digestibility and protein content must be considered. The high yield of the ryegrasses, timothy and meadow fescue are seen. Clearly the use of these varieties must be kept as simple as possible. In most cases different sown areas to 2 or 3 varieties should be enough to bring about an improvement in management of both conservation and grazing. After the introduction of tower silos in the 1960's timothy / red clover and grass / lucerne mixtures were used. Forage maize is not new but now modern varieties of this crop mature by the end of September. Perennial forage crops have basic growth pattern giving maximum yield in May and early June, less growth in summer and then a lift in yield in autumn.

Vocabulary

cut - косити, зрізати

silage - силос

crop - культура, врожай

particular - окремий, особливий

species - сорт, вид

suitable - підходящий, придатний

introduce - застосовувати, вводити, представляти

remove - усувати, змістити, перешкоджати

excess - надлишок

pasture - пасовисько

quality - якість

grow, growth - рости, ріст

content - склад, вміст

consider - обмірковувати, вважати

ryegrass - райграс

timothy - тимофіївка лугова

meadow - луки

meadow fescue - костриця, вівсяниця лугова

red clover - конюшина червона

lucerne - люцерна

mixture - суміш

forage maize - фуражна кукурудза

perennial - багаторічна рослина

pattern - структура (росту), модель

little, less, the least - мало, менше, найменше

lift - підйом, підвищення

2) Випишіть з тексту всі фахові терміни, вкажіть їх українські еквіваленти та запам’ятайте.

3) Напишіть анотацію до тексту.

IV ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ (обсяг – 15 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту)

1) Прочитайте, перекладіть статті, виписуючи слова в словник.

2) Запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3) Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного.

КОНТРОЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ

ДО САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ

Варіант 10

І ГРАМАТИКА

1) Спишіть, вибираючи правильну форму.

1. Since 1990 Sumy (has been changing / has changed / is changing) its appearance.

2. This English teacher (has been staying / has stayed / stayed) in Ukraine for three months now.

3. He misses her and he (has been thinking / thinks / is thinking) constantly of his young wife.

4. Before our students visited Great Britain they (had been learning / had learned / learnt) much at their English lessons.

5. The tourists (had been waiting / were waiting / waited) for their train for five hours when it arrived.

6. By the first of September this year they (will have been studying / will study / studies) at our University for two years.

7. We (shall have been reading / shall read) at the University reading rooms for some years more before we graduate from it.

8. These builders (had been working / had worked / worked) at many construction sites before they began to work in Sumy.

9. Have you heard how long (will / would) these selectionists in crop farming (have been working / have worked) on the development new sorts of buckwheat?

10. The best students (had been discussing / have discussed / discussed) the plans for the new stadium and hostel before their construction.

2) Спишіть, поставивши дієслово у правильну форму пасивного стану.

1. A lot of books (publish) in our town this year.

2. He went away last year and he (not hear) of ever since.

3. Our local museum (open) by the town council last year.

4. The office (clean) now. Don’t go there.

5. The letter (type) at the moment and a secretary will send it immediately.

6. Marriages (make) in heaven.

7. This story (forget) by people in some weeks.

8. The tickets (buy) by my room-mate next Wednesday.

9. Sumy (found) in 1652.

10. This church (build) by the citizens of Sumy when we were not born yet.

3. Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Хотів би я бути на твоєму місці.

2. Якби я була агрономом, я б знала, як вирощувати виноград в Сумах.

3. Добре було б, якби нас зустріли.

4. Шкода, що вони вже пішли.

5. Шкода, що ти неуважний.

4. Перекладіть англійською мовою, використовуючи складний додаток.

1. Я хочу, щоб мені поміняли гроші.

2. Він чув, що його ім’я згадувалось декілька разів.

3. Вони бачили, як вона сіла на корабель.

4. Вона вважала, що її діти найкращі.

5. Ми б хотіли, щоб ви запросили нас в ліс.

ІІ МОВНА ПРАКТИКА

Підготуйте реферат на тему: «Students of Agriculture in Great Britain».

ІІІ РОБОТА З ТЕКСТОМ ЗАГАЛЬНОФАХОВОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ

1) Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово поданий нижче текст.

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