 |
АвтоАвтоматизацияАрхитектураАстрономияАудитБиологияБухгалтерияВоенное делоГенетикаГеографияГеологияГосударствоДомДругоеЖурналистика и СМИИзобретательствоИностранные языкиИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКомпьютерыКулинарияКультураЛексикологияЛитератураЛогикаМаркетингМатематикаМашиностроениеМедицинаМенеджментМеталлы и СваркаМеханикаМузыкаНаселениеОбразованиеОхрана безопасности жизниОхрана ТрудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПриборостроениеПрограммированиеПроизводствоПромышленностьПсихологияРадиоРегилияСвязьСоциологияСпортСтандартизацияСтроительствоТехнологииТорговляТуризмФизикаФизиологияФилософияФинансыХимияХозяйствоЦеннообразованиеЧерчениеЭкологияЭконометрикаЭкономикаЭлектроникаЮриспунденкция
Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph
5. Reading for specific information. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text:
• When was the production of a brick industrialized?
• When did rapid development of a timber technology undergo?
• What was George W. Snow?
6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
• The production of a brick was industrialized in the...
• It was a mass production...
•...in North America.
• There were large softwood fir's forests...
•...in the 1820s.
•...hi the 1830s.
•...were moved slowly.
•...it was a process.
•...a great demand for small buildings.
7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
• The production of brick was industrialized in the 20th century.
• These were not mass-produced by a mechanical extrusion process in which clay was squeezed by "pressed" through a rectangular die as a continuous column and sliced to size by a wire cutter.
• There was also a proliferation of elaborately shaped and stamped masonry units.
• Timber technology underwent rapid development in the 20th century in North America, where there were large forests of softwood fir and pine trees that could be harvested and processed by industrial methods; steam- and water-powered sawmills began producing standard-dimension timbers in quantity in the 1920s.
• The production of cheap machine-made nails in the 1830s provided the other necessary ingredient that made possible a major innovation in building construction, the balloon frame; the first example is thought to be a warehouse erected in Chicago in 1832 by George W. Snow.
After-Reading
Grammar focus:
1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
a production, a brick, a process, an ingredient, a development, i centimeter, an inch, a meter, a tree, a demand, a solution, i problem.
2. Write down all the numerals from the text in letters.
3. Put "was" or "were" in.
• The production of brick industrialized in the 19th century.
• These mass-produced by a mechanical extrusion process in which clay squeezed by "pressed" through a rectangular die as a continuous column and sliced to size by a wire cutter.
• There also a proliferation of elaborately shaped and stamped masonry units.
• Periodically fired beehive kilns continued used, but the continuous-tunnel kiln, through which bricks moved slowly on a conveyor belt, had appeared by the end of the century.
• Timber technology underwent rapid development in the 19th century in North America.
• There large forests of softwood fir and pine trees that could be harvested and processed by industrial methods.
• There a great demand for small buildings of all types as the North American continent settled, and the light timber frame provided a quick, flexible, and inexpensive solution to this problem.
• In the balloon frame system, traditional heavy timbers and complex joinery abandoned.
• The building walls framed with 5x 10-centimetre.
• Lateral stability achieved by light diagonal braces let into the studs or, more commonly, by two-centimeter thick diagonal boards applied to all exterior walls and to floor and roof lists creating a rigid, light box.
4. Write all the complex sentences from the text and translate them.
Get talking
1. Work in pairs. Discuss "Manufactured building materials". Your talk should last for about a minute and include between 10—20 phrases.
Поиск по сайту: