Write down all the nouns from the text in plural

2. Work in pairs. Discuss:

• It is axiomatic now that materials can be handled more cheaply with machinery than with manpower, is not it? Try to prove your own idea.

• A great number of plants producing recast reinforced-concrete elements is now in operation in our country and abroad, is not it? Try to prove your own idea.

• What reinforced-concrete elements do you know?

2. Make up your own sentences with the following words:

The maximum size (максимальный размер), small concrete sections (небольшие секции из цемента), the minimum thickness of the finished concrete (минимальная толщина залитого бетона), cement (цемент).

While-Reading

1. Read the text and find new words from the text.

2. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.

3. Reading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.

Concrete is made from {cement, nylon) coarse aggregate (stones), fine aggregate (sand or crushed stone) and water. Coarse aggregate ranging from 5 mm to 40 mm may be used for {normal, class) work. The maximum {size, piece) of the aggregate should not be greater than one quarter of the minimum thickness of the finished concrete. The {normal maximum sizes, large parts) are 20 mm and 40 mm (20 mm being more common). The maximum size of aggregate which should be used in small {concrete sections, window frames) or, where reinforcement is close together, is 10 mm.

In {concrete, room) with widely spaced reinforcement, such as solid slabs, the size of the coarse aggregate should not be greater than the minimum cover to the reinforcement otherwise spilling will occur, i.e. the breaking off concrete's pieces of below the reinforcement. For ^AAyuYj5inforced {sections, boxes) e.g. the ribs of main beams, the maximum size of the coarse aggregate should be either:

(i) 5 mm less than the minimum horizontal distance between the

Reinforcing rods, or.

(ii) 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement, Which is smaller?

4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false, Correct the false statements:

• from, concrete, cement, fine aggregate, and, is, coarse, water, aggregate.

• work, for, coarse, from, to, used, may, normal, be, aggregate, 5 mm, ranging, 40 mm.

• 40 mm, are, the normal, sizes, 20 mm, maximum, and.

• aggregate, 10 mm, close, concrete, size, of, which, together, is, where, the maximum, should, used, sections, in, be, small, or, reinforcement.

• such, cover, occur, of, the, reinforcement, in, widely, concrete, with, spaced, as, slabs, the size, not, greater, the, minimum, otherwise, i.e., pieces, below, with, solid, the coarse, aggregate, should, be, than, to, spilling, will, the breaking, off, of.

3. Write the numerals from the text in letters.