THE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

Before-Reading

1. Discuss the following:

• What are technological aspects of buildings?

• Do you want to be an architectural engineer?

2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:

• technical detail

• building material

• illumination

• master builder

• to wall construction

• wall line

• structural design

• architectural engineering

• technological aspect

• environmental system

• communication

• monument

• mechanical code

• construction techniques in buildings

3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:

• fire protection • управление строительством

• fair conditioning • корпус судна

• storm drainage • памятник

• architectural engineering • инженер-архитектор

• a monument • собор

• construction management • пожарная безопасность

• a castle • штурмовать дренаж

• a cathedral • груз

• a load • замок

• a ship's hull • кондиционирование

While-Reading

1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.

Engineering is a complex discipline, including a lot of fields. One of them is an architectural engineering. It is a discipline that deals with the technological aspects of buildings. They are the properties and behavior of building materials and their components, foundation design, structural analysis and design, construction management, and building operation. Besides architectural engineering deals with environmental system analysis and design. Every engineer knows an environmental system, which may account for 45-70% of a building's cost, includes heating, ventilating and air conditioning, illumination, building power system, plumbing and piping, storm drainage, building communications, acoustic, vertical and horizontal transportation, fire protection, alternate energy sources, heat recovery, and energy conservation. In addition, it is necessary to help protect everybody from unnecessary risk. That's why architectural engineers must know and be familiar with the various building codes, plumbing, electrical and mechanical codes, and the Life Safety Code. The latter code is designed to require planning and construction techniques in buildings which will minimize possible hazards to the occupants.

2. Reading for specific information. Read the text again and answer
the following questions to the text;

• What is the architectural engineering?

• May environmental system account for 45—70%?

• For what must architectural engineers be familiar with the various building codes?

3. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:

• to storm drainage

• the Life Safety Code

• to mobilize the resources

• civil engineering infrastructure

• to contain desirable interior environmental conditions

4. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:

• Environmental system, which may...

• The latter code is...

•... A discipline that deals with the...

• In addition,...

•...architectural engineering.

5. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or
false. Correct the false statements:

• Environmental systems, with may account for 35—90% of a building's cost, don't include heating.

• A discipline that deals with the technological aspects of buildings, including the properties is an architectural engineering.

• The latter code is designed to require planning and construction technologies in buildings which will minimize possible hazards to the occupants.

• Including the properties and behavior of building materials and components, foundation design, structural analysis and design, environmental system analysis and design, construction management, and building operation.

• Engineering is a simple discipline.

• That's why architectural engineers must not know and be familiar with the various building codes.

• Every engineer does not know an environmental system.

After-Reading

Grammar focus

2. Find all the sentences where the professional terminology is used, read and translate them. Write the professional terminology.

3. Write down all irregular verbs and their three forms.

4. Translate from Russian into English:

Архитектурная инженерия — дисциплина, которая имеет дело с технологическими аспектами зданий:

1) учитывает свойства и поведение строительных материа­лов и их компонентов;

2) проектирует фонд основания;

3) проводит структурный анализ проекта.

Get talking

1. Prepare reports about Great Russian architects and engineers. Are port should include 2000—3000 words.

GRAMMAR

MODALVERBS

Модальные глаголы показывают отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному инфинитивом. Например, сравните:

You can speak English. Вы можете (умеете) говорить по-английски.

You must speak English. Вы должны говорить по-английски.

You may speak English. Вы можете говорить по-анг­лийски. (Вас поймут.)

Как видим, в одном и том же предложении изменение модального глагола меняет смысл всего предложения, т.е. меняется отношение к действию, выраженному инфинитивом.

Модальные глаголы не имеют форм во всех временах, для этого употребляются их эквиваленты (заменители).

Вопросительные и отрицательные предложения с модальными глаголами строятся без вспомогательных глаголов: Can you help те? — Yes, I can.— No, I can't. Вы можете помочь мне? — Да. - Нет.

К основным модальным глаголам относятся:

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