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The Past Perfect Tense or the Past Perfect Continuous Tense
| Past Perfect (had + V3 (-ed)) | Past Perfect Continuous (had been + V4 (-ing)) |
| Мы используем Past Perfect | Мы используем Past Perfect Continuous |
| — для выражения действия, которые закончились до какого-либо момента в прошлом, обозначенного другим действием или указанием времени: By midnight, all the guests had left. | — для выражения действия, которое длилось до какого-то момента в прошлом They had been climbing for five hours before they reached the top of the mountain. I had been feeling sleepy all day so I went to bed early. |
| Утвердительная форма | My brothers had already gone to bed by the time I got home. | We had been driving for five hours before we reached the town. |
| Вопросительная форма | Had your brothers already gone to bed by the time you got home? | Had we been driving for five hours before we reached the town? |
| Отрицательная форма | My brothers hadn’t (had not) gone to bed by the time I got home. | We hadn’t (had not) been driving for five hours before we reached the town. |
Practice:
1. Соедините обе части предложений по смыслу:
| 1. Fleming was studying influenza | a) while he was sitting under an apple tree |
| 2. Columbus discovered America | b) when he discovered penicillin |
| 3. Hillary and Tenzing reached the top of Everest | c) though at first he believed he had reached Asia |
| 4. Scott reached the South Pole in 1912 | d) after they had been climbing for several days |
| 5. Newton made his great discovery | e) but Amundsen had beaten him by month |
2. Соедините два предложения в одно, следуя модели:
Model: I expected the letter several days. Then the postman brought it to me.
I had been expecting the letter several days before the postman brought it to me.
1. The scientists conducted the research for many years. Then they achieved satisfactory results.
The scientists … before ….
2. He stayed in the hotel for two weeks. Then I arrived.
He … before ….
3. The students wrote the test paper. Then I came.
The students … when ….
4. They drove in the car for many hours. Then they came to the crossroads.
They … before ….
3. Составьте предложения, используя слова в скобках:
Model: When I came to Moscow, I telephoned a friend of mine but I could only speak to her sister. (She/already/leave/for her office) She had already left for her office.
1. When I rang them up, they were at home. (They/already/return/from the market)
2. I began to look for his address in my notebook but I could not find it. (I/not/write it down)
3. They discussed this question for two hours. (However/they/not come to a definite conclusion)
Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:
All thumbs — awkward and clumsy, especially with the hands.
Bleeding heart — an extremely softhearted person who feels compassion or pity towards all people, including those who may not deserve sympathy.
Busy as a beaver — working very hard; extremely industrious.
Catch someone red-handed — to catch someone in the act of doing sth wrong.
Keep a stiff upper lip — to be brave and not show emotion in a time of trouble.
Lesson 24
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